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Vol. 20. Issue 4.
Pages 218-222 (April 2024)
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Vol. 20. Issue 4.
Pages 218-222 (April 2024)
Caso clínico
Neumomediastino espontáneo: una manifestación extramuscular de la dermatomiositis anti-MDA5. Reporte de 2 casos
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: An extra muscular manifestation of anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis. Report of 2 cases
Pablo Arango Guerraa,
Corresponding author
pablo828@hotmail.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Santiago Monsalve Yepesa, Andrés Chavarriaga Restrepob, Carlos Jaime Velasquez Francoc
a Medicina Interna, Clínica CES, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
b Reumatología, Clínica CES, Medellín, Colombia
c Reumatología, Clínica Universitaria Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
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Resumen

El uso de anticuerpos específicos en miopatías inflamatorias ha mejorado la caracterización de esta enfermedad identificando distintos fenotipos clínicos. Los pacientes con dermatomiositis y anticuerpos anti-MDA5 muestran síntomas típicos en la piel, un menor compromiso muscular y una prevalencia de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial de hasta el 91%. Además de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial, se ha identificado el neumomediastino espontáneo como una manifestación pulmonar rara pero potencialmente mortal. Se reportan 2 casos de esta manifestación en pacientes con dermatomiositis anti-MDA5.

Palabras clave:
Dermatomiositis
Neumomediastino
Enfisema subcutáneo
Neumotórax
Enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales
Abstract

The use of specific antibodies in inflammatory myopathies has improved the characterization of this disease, identifying different clinical phenotypes. Patients with dermatomyositis and anti-MDA5 antibodies display typical skin symptoms, lesser muscular involvement, and a prevalence of interstitial lung disease of up to 91%. Beyond interstitial lung disease, spontaneous pneumomediastinum has been identified as a rare but potentially fatal pulmonary manifestation. Two cases of this complication in patients with anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis are reported.

Keywords:
Dermatomyositis
Pneumomediastinum
Subcutaneous emphysema
Pneumothorax
Interstitial lung disease

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