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Vol. 22. Issue 6.
(June - July 2026)
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Vol. 22. Issue 6.
(June - July 2026)
Case Report

Coexistence of systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis: A case-based review

Coexistencia de lupus eritematoso sistémico y sarcoidosis: una revisión de casos
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Dilara Bulut Göktena,
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dilarabulutgokten@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Meltem Öznurb, Rıdvan Mercana
a Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Department of Rheumatology, Turkey
b Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Department of Pathology, Turkey
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Abstract

Sarcoidosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are chronic multisystem inflammatory diseases with distinct pathogenetic mechanisms but overlapping clinical and immunological features. Their coexistence is exceedingly rare and may result in diagnostic delay or misinterpretation of disease activity. A 50-year-old woman presented with photosensitive facial rash, oral ulcers, constitutional symptoms, cytopenia, hypocomplementemia, and markedly elevated anti-double-stranded DNA titers, fulfilling the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for SLE. During follow-up, atypical cutaneous lesions involving the external auditory canal were identified. Histopathological examination revealed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Further evaluation with thoracic imaging and endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy demonstrated bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy with granulomatous inflammation, confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, systemic corticosteroids, and methotrexate led to significant clinical and laboratory improvement over a six-month follow-up period. This case highlights the importance of considering a coexisting diagnosis when atypical clinical or histopathological findings emerge in patients with established autoimmune disease, with histological confirmation playing a central role in accurate diagnosis.

Keywords:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sarcoidosis
Coexistence
Resumen

La sarcoidosis y el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) son enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas multisistémicas con mecanismos patogénicos distintos, pero con características clínicas e inmunológicas superpuestas. Su coexistencia es extremadamente rara y puede provocar un retraso diagnóstico o una interpretación errónea de la actividad de la enfermedad. Una mujer de 50 años presentó erupción facial fotosensible, úlceras orales, síntomas constitucionales, citopenia, hipocomplementemia y títulos de anti-ADN bicatenario marcadamente elevados, lo que cumplía con los criterios de clasificación ACR/EULAR de 2019 para el LES. Durante el seguimiento, se identificaron lesiones cutáneas atípicas que afectaban el conducto auditivo externo. El examen histopatológico reveló inflamación granulomatosa no caseosa. Una evaluación adicional con imágenes torácicas y biopsia guiada por ecografía endobronquial demostró linfadenopatía hiliar y mediastínica bilateral con inflamación granulomatosa, lo que confirmó el diagnóstico de sarcoidosis. El tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina, corticosteroides sistémicos y metotrexato produjo una mejora clínica y analítica significativa durante un período de seguimiento de seis meses. Este caso destaca la importancia de considerar un diagnóstico coexistente cuando surgen hallazgos clínicos o histopatológicos atípicos en pacientes con enfermedad autoinmune establecida, siendo la confirmación histológica un factor clave para un diagnóstico preciso.

Palabras clave:
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Sarcoidosis
Coexistencia

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