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Vol. 2. Issue 3.
Pages 124-130 (May - June 2006)
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Vol. 2. Issue 3.
Pages 124-130 (May - June 2006)
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Costs of the standard rheumatology care in active rheumatoid arthritis patients seen in a tertiary care center in Mexico City
Costes de la asistencia reumatológica convencional en los pacientes con artritis reumatoide active atendidos en un centro de nivel terciario en Ciudad de México
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Blanca Hernández-Cruza, Rafael Ariza-Arizab,
Corresponding author
rariza@supercable.es

Correspondence: Dr. R. Ariza-Ariza. Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Av. Dr. Fedriani, 3. 41009 Sevilla. España.
, Mario H. Cardiel-Ríosc
a Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico City. Mexico
b Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Seville. Spain
c Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Mexico City. Mexico
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Objective

To assess the costs of standard care in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seen in a tertiary care center in México City in the context of a clinical trial. To analyze the relationship between costs and utility units obtained by the patients in this scenario.

Patients and methods

This economic evaluation was performed during a clinical trial with a 48-week followup in a tertiary care center in México City. The trial compared the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids versus placebo in patients with active RA who also received standard rheumatology care. The costs of medical consultations, complementary tests and drugs were assessed. Other direct costs were also measured. Hypothetical scenarios with fewer medical consultations and complementary tests than those in the clinical trial were also analyzed. Utilities were assessed by the Health Utility Index. A cost-utility ratio was calculated using the baseline utilities score as comparator. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed.

Results

Ninety RA patients (83 women [92%], age [X ± SD] 43.2 ± 14.2 years with disease duration of 3.3 ± 4.6 years) were included. Data from 88 patients were analyzed. The total direct costs were 152,704.11 US$ 2005 divided into medical attention (78,386.43 US$ 2005, 51.33%), drugs (39,339.5 US$ 2005, 25.76%) and other direct costs (34,978.18 US$ 2005. 22.91%). In scenarios with fewer medical consultations and complementary tests than those in the clinical trial, the total direct costs ranged from 39,507.4 to 103,880.6 US$ 2005. Patients improved by a mean of 0.18 utility units on a 0-1 scale equivalent to 0.18 quality adjusted lifeyears (QALYs). The cost-utility ratios ranged from 2,494.1 to 9,640.38 US$ 2005 per QALY in the scenarios analyzed.

Conclusions

The direct costs of the standard care of RA in the scenarios analyzed are substantial in the social and economic context of Mexico. The cost per gained QALY is high.

Key words:
Direct costs
Utilities
Rheumatoid arthritis
Objetivo

Determinar en el contexto de un ensayo clínico los costes de la asistencia sanitaria convencional en los pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) activa atendidos en un centro de nivel terciario de Ciudad de México. Analizar las relaciones existentes entre los costes económicos y las unidades de utilidad en los pacientes con las características señaladas.

Pacientes y métodos

Este análisis económico se realize en el contexto de un ensayo clínico efectuado con un seguimiento de 48 semanas en un centro asistencial de nivel terciario en Ciudad de México. En el ensayo clínico se comparó la eficacia de los ácidos grasos omega-3 con la del placebo en pacientes con AR activa que también recibían asistencia reumatológica convencional. Se determinaron los costes económicos de las consultas médicas, de las pruebas diagnósticas complementarias y de los tratamientos farmacológicos. También se determinaron otros costes directos. Además, se analizaron varios contextos hipotéticos en los que se hubieran realizado menos consultas médicas y menos pruebas diagnósticas complementarias que las que se llevaron a cabo en el ensayo clínico. La utilidad se evaluó a través del Health Utility Index. Se calculó un cociente costeutilidad utilizando como factor de comparación la puntuación de utilidad inicial. Se realizó un análisis estadístico de tipo descriptivo.

Resultados

Participaron en el estudio 90 pacientes con AR (83 mujeres [92%], con una edad [X ± DE] de 43,2 ± 14,2 años y con una duración de la enfermedad de 3,3 ± 4,6 meses). En los análisis se utilizaron los datos correspondientes a 88 pacientes. Los costes directos totales fueron de 152.704,11 dólares estadounidenses de 2005, correspondientes a la asistencia médica (78.386,43 dólares estadounidenses de 2005, 51,33%), al tratamiento medicamentoso (39.339,05 dólares estadounidenses de 2005, 25,76%) y a otros costes directos (24.978,18 dólares estadounidenses de 2005, 22, 91%). En los contextos hipotéticos en los que se consideró un número menor de consultas médicas y de pruebas diagnósticas complementarias, en comparación con el que tuvo lugar el ensayo clínico, los costes directos totales oscilaron entre 39.507,4 y 103.880,06 dólares estadounidenses de 2005. La mejora de los pacientes tuvo un valor medio de 0,18 unidades de utilidad en una escala de 0-1, equivalente a 0,18 años de vida con ajuste de la calidad (QALY, quality adjusted life-years). Los cocientes coste-utilidad oscilaron entre 2.494,1 y 9.640,38 dólares estadounidenses de 2005 por QALY en los contextos analizados.

Conclusiones

Los costes directos de la asistencia convencional realizada en México sobre los pacientes con AR en los contextos analizados son sustanciales tanto desde el punto de vista social como económico. El coste por QALY ganado es elevado.

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