Immunological techniques that support the diagnosis of the autoimmune diseases
Técnicas inmunológicas que apoyan el diagnóstico de las enfermedades autoinmunes
Diego F. Hernández Ramírez, Javier Cabiedes
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Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hernández Ramírez, Javier Cabiedes" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diego F." "apellidos" => "Hernández Ramírez" ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Cabiedes" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "cabiedesj@yahoo.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Técnicas inmunológicas que apoyan el diagnóstico de las enfermedades autoinmunes" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2009-09-17" "fechaAceptado" => "2009-10-06" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec112459" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Immunoenzimatic assays" 1 => "Autoimmunity laboratory" 2 => "Autoimmune disease" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec112458" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Ensayos inmunoenzimáticos" 1 => "Laboratorio de autoinmunidad" 2 => "Enfermedades autoinmunes" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">During the past few years technological advance have been allowed the developing of techniques that help to the diagnosis of multiple diseases. In the case of the autoimmune diseases, immunological techniques are helpful since they allow the detection of multiple autoantibodies at the same time with small volumes of sample. Together with the development of the new techniques, sensitivity and specificity in the detection of the antibodies specificities’ also have been increased, in such a way that the clinicians can count with tests that allow them to make early diagnoses with greater certainty and also to follow the course of the disease based on the variation of the antibodies presents in the patient's samples. It is important to emphasize that the new techniques of laboratory that are used for the support of the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, no longer are exclusive for research laboratories but by their facility of standardization, quality control and reproducibility they can be used in clinical laboratory of medium and small sizes. In the present paper we describe those techniques with greater application in the clinical laboratory of autoimmune diseases.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante los últimos años el avance tecnológico ha permitido desarrollar técnicas que ayudan al diagnóstico de múltiples enfermedades. En el caso de las enfermedades autoinmunes, las técnicas inmunológicas son de gran ayuda ya que permiten la detección de varios autoanticuerpos simultáneamente a partir de volúmenes de muestra pequeños. Aunado al desarrollo de las nuevas técnicas, la sensibilidad y especificidad en la detección de las especificidades de los anticuerpos también han ido en aumento, de tal manera que el clínico puede contar con pruebas que le permiten hacer los diagnósticos tempranos con mayor certeza y hacer también el seguimiento del curso de la enfermedad en función de la variación de los anticuerpos presentes en las muestras de los pacientes. Cabe destacar que las nuevas técnicas de laboratorio que se utilizan para el apoyo en el diagnóstico de las enfermedades autoinmunes ya no son exclusivas de laboratorios de investigación, sino que por su control de calidad, facilidad de estandarización y reproducibilidad pueden usarse en laboratorios clínicos medianos y pequeños. En el presente trabajo se describen las técnicas de mayor aplicación en el laboratorio clínico para enfermedades autoinmunes.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Note: Section credited by SEAFORMEC with 1.7 credits. Consult questions for each article at: URL:<span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="http://reumatologiaclinica.org/">http://reumatologiaclinica.org</span>.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Immunology of DNA III. Crithidia luciliae a sample substrate for the detection of anti-ds DNA with immunofluorescence techniques" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L.A. 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