Antinuclear antibodies
Anticuerpos antinucleares
Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Núñez-Álvarez" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Cabiedes" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">◊</span>" "identificador" => "fn0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Carlos A." "apellidos" => "Núñez-Álvarez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "nuac80df@yahoo.com.mx" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Anticuerpos antinucleares" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2009-07-24" "fechaAceptado" => "2009-10-01" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec112507" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Antinuclear antibodies" 1 => "Indirect immunofluorescence" 2 => "Autoimmune diseases" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec112506" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Anticuerpos antinucleares" 1 => "Inmunofluorescencia indirecta" 2 => "Enfermedades autoinmunes" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are immunoglobulin directed against autologous cell nuclear and cytoplasmic components. Besides the autoimmune ANA there are other ANA that can be detected in circulation, like natural and infectious ANA.</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Because of its high sensibility, detection of the ANA must be done by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) as screening test and all of those positive samples are convenient to confirm its specificity by ELISA, western blot or other techniques.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Positive ANA detected by IIF must be evaluated taking in to account the pattern and titer. The following recommended step is the specificity characterization (reactivity against extractable nuclear antigens [ENA], dsDNA, etc.) which is useful for the diagnosis and follow up of patients with autoimmune diseases, and by such reasoning, its detection must be performed in an orderly and reasonable way using guides or strategies focused to the good use and interpretation of the autoantibodies. The objective of this review is to present a compilation of the literature and our experience in the detection and study of the ANA.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los anticuerpos antinucleares son inmunoglobulinas que reconocen componentes celulares autólogos (nucleares y citoplasmáticos). Además de los ANA autoinmunes, pueden estar en circulación ANA infecciosos y naturales.</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La detección de ANA debe realizarse mediante inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) en líneas celulares como prueba de tamizado inicial debido a su alta sensibilidad. Una muestra positiva para ANA, detectados mediante IFI, debe confirmarse mediante técnicas más sensibles y específicas, como ELISA, electroinmunotransferencia (Western blot) u otras.</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los ANA detectados por IFI deben ser evaluados según el patrón y el título. La detección específica de diversos autoanticuerpos (anti-ENA, ADNcd, etc.) resulta útil en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes. Por tal motivo, su detección debe realizarse de manera ordenada y razonable, empleando las guías o estrategias enfocadas al buen uso e interpretación de la presencia de autoanticuerpos. El objetivo de la revisión es presentar una recopilación de la literatura y nuestra experiencia en la detección y estudio de los ANA.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Note: Section credited by SEAFORMEC with 1.7 credits. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 3 | 8 |
| 2024 October | 92 | 53 | 145 |
| 2024 September | 91 | 30 | 121 |
| 2024 August | 84 | 45 | 129 |
| 2024 July | 122 | 52 | 174 |
| 2024 June | 108 | 47 | 155 |
| 2024 May | 128 | 43 | 171 |
| 2024 April | 93 | 50 | 143 |
| 2024 March | 79 | 58 | 137 |
| 2024 February | 83 | 59 | 142 |
| 2024 January | 76 | 36 | 112 |
| 2023 December | 74 | 35 | 109 |
| 2023 November | 60 | 51 | 111 |
| 2023 October | 96 | 82 | 178 |
| 2023 September | 89 | 59 | 148 |
| 2023 August | 38 | 34 | 72 |
| 2023 July | 54 | 35 | 89 |
| 2023 June | 67 | 51 | 118 |
| 2023 May | 44 | 22 | 66 |
| 2023 April | 46 | 37 | 83 |
| 2023 March | 42 | 66 | 108 |
| 2023 February | 33 | 54 | 87 |
| 2023 January | 36 | 50 | 86 |
| 2022 December | 23 | 34 | 57 |
| 2022 November | 49 | 44 | 93 |
| 2022 October | 45 | 48 | 93 |
| 2022 September | 32 | 50 | 82 |
| 2022 August | 57 | 79 | 136 |
| 2022 July | 70 | 62 | 132 |
| 2022 June | 94 | 106 | 200 |
| 2022 May | 45 | 61 | 106 |
| 2022 April | 47 | 85 | 132 |
| 2022 March | 39 | 76 | 115 |
| 2022 February | 37 | 56 | 93 |
| 2022 January | 29 | 52 | 81 |
| 2021 December | 34 | 71 | 105 |
| 2021 November | 33 | 100 | 133 |
| 2021 October | 55 | 95 | 150 |
| 2021 September | 49 | 91 | 140 |
| 2021 August | 38 | 83 | 121 |
| 2021 July | 39 | 70 | 109 |
| 2021 June | 45 | 73 | 118 |
| 2021 May | 76 | 84 | 160 |
| 2021 April | 139 | 160 | 299 |
| 2021 March | 86 | 83 | 169 |
| 2021 February | 64 | 47 | 111 |
| 2021 January | 63 | 35 | 98 |
| 2020 December | 54 | 41 | 95 |
| 2020 November | 53 | 45 | 98 |
| 2020 October | 37 | 22 | 59 |
| 2020 September | 47 | 65 | 112 |
| 2020 August | 35 | 39 | 74 |
| 2020 July | 19 | 37 | 56 |
| 2020 June | 47 | 37 | 84 |
| 2020 May | 42 | 36 | 78 |
| 2020 April | 35 | 42 | 77 |
| 2020 March | 26 | 10 | 36 |
| 2020 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2020 January | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2019 June | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2018 April | 25 | 18 | 43 |
| 2018 March | 37 | 17 | 54 |
| 2018 February | 15 | 6 | 21 |
| 2018 January | 18 | 6 | 24 |
| 2017 December | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2017 November | 26 | 24 | 50 |
| 2017 October | 16 | 23 | 39 |
| 2017 September | 22 | 30 | 52 |
| 2017 August | 32 | 27 | 59 |
| 2017 July | 23 | 34 | 57 |
| 2017 June | 39 | 41 | 80 |
| 2017 May | 40 | 33 | 73 |
| 2017 April | 30 | 36 | 66 |
| 2017 March | 29 | 23 | 52 |
| 2017 February | 18 | 26 | 44 |
| 2017 January | 21 | 16 | 37 |
| 2016 December | 72 | 23 | 95 |
| 2016 November | 57 | 30 | 87 |
| 2016 October | 71 | 26 | 97 |
| 2016 September | 69 | 27 | 96 |
| 2016 August | 47 | 33 | 80 |
| 2016 July | 32 | 29 | 61 |
| 2016 June | 4 | 23 | 27 |
| 2016 May | 0 | 25 | 25 |
| 2016 April | 3 | 26 | 29 |
| 2016 March | 1 | 22 | 23 |
| 2016 February | 6 | 31 | 37 |
| 2016 January | 1 | 24 | 25 |
| 2015 December | 3 | 35 | 38 |
| 2015 November | 4 | 28 | 32 |
| 2015 October | 12 | 39 | 51 |
| 2015 September | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2015 August | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| 2015 July | 28 | 7 | 35 |
| 2015 June | 62 | 39 | 101 |
| 2015 May | 338 | 52 | 390 |
| 2015 April | 503 | 65 | 568 |
| 2015 March | 97 | 71 | 168 |
| 2015 February | 49 | 62 | 111 |
| 2015 January | 72 | 77 | 149 |
| 2014 December | 59 | 52 | 111 |
| 2014 November | 44 | 68 | 112 |
| 2014 October | 78 | 48 | 126 |
| 2014 September | 50 | 47 | 97 |
| 2014 August | 49 | 74 | 123 |
| 2014 July | 51 | 46 | 97 |
| 2014 June | 64 | 48 | 112 |
| 2014 May | 70 | 63 | 133 |
| 2014 April | 80 | 62 | 142 |
| 2014 March | 47 | 48 | 95 |
| 2014 February | 63 | 43 | 106 |
| 2014 January | 48 | 31 | 79 |
| 2013 December | 34 | 32 | 66 |
| 2013 November | 50 | 42 | 92 |
| 2013 October | 54 | 30 | 84 |
| 2013 September | 59 | 31 | 90 |
| 2013 August | 74 | 52 | 126 |
| 2013 July | 55 | 39 | 94 |
| 2013 June | 52 | 41 | 93 |
| 2013 May | 77 | 57 | 134 |
| 2013 April | 42 | 66 | 108 |
| 2013 March | 38 | 70 | 108 |
| 2013 February | 29 | 43 | 72 |
| 2013 January | 17 | 42 | 59 |
| 2012 December | 22 | 36 | 58 |
| 2012 November | 17 | 38 | 55 |
| 2012 October | 17 | 29 | 46 |
| 2012 September | 12 | 4 | 16 |
| 2012 June | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2012 May | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2012 April | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2012 March | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2012 February | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2012 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2011 December | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2011 November | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| 2011 October | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2011 September | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2011 June | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2011 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2011 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2011 March | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2011 February | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2011 January | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2010 December | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2010 November | 9 | 0 | 9 |
| 2010 October | 11 | 0 | 11 |
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