Editorial
The Worship to Abbreviations: Idolatry or Virtue
El culto a las abreviaciones: idolatría o virtud
Xavier Tena Marsà
Sección de Reumatología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Start chanting in the temple, 1965.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The use of abbreviations has been introduced into the scientific language as a resource to gain time and save space.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The English language extensively uses biomedical abbreviations and acronyms, formed by the initial letters or syllables of a series of words, a technique that has proliferated in Spanish<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> also. This trend was already evident in the Greek and Roman texts, with such examples of diaphanous acronyms as SPQR (Senatus Populusque Romanus) and INRI (Iesus Nazarenus Rex Ioudeorum) used during the Roman Empire, but in the Middle Ages it became generalized to the point that it was necessary to regulate and prohibit their use.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Overuse of abbreviations or acronyms is documented in both medical practice and in the literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,4</span></a> A brief survey on the use of acronyms in the journal Reumatología Clínica has established that only the text of 39 articles published in three consecutive copies of 2010 have seen the use of 152 different acronyms (many of them countless times), representing an average of almost four per article or letter and just over 50 per copy. The record is held by a review article in which the authors have used 57 acronyms in 411 cases, including text, tables and figures, one of them repeated up to 49 times! Its use has extended also to the field of research and numerous clinical trials are named with an acronym, especially among cardiologists<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>; sometimes, the name chosen, often preconceived witty and imaginative, contradicts and does not correspond with the expected<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> result.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The problems associated with the use of abbreviations are multiple<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>: variable interpretation depending on the context or the language in which it is expressed (polysemy), lack of uniform criteria in their making, lexicalized complexity (e.g., “AIDS patient” when it becomes the lexicon adjective; “AIDS”, which originally was the acronym for “acquired immune deficiency syndrome”). The initial aim of saving time, space and a gain in clarity is not always achieved but, on the contrary, far from enriching the language it implies the arduous task of deciphering when the abbreviation becomes unintelligible.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> They are also a source of frustration and confusion: over 90% of young physicians in other specialties were unable to understand just 6 of 13 commonly used abbreviations in the specialty of Ears, Nose and Throat.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Sometimes they are the source of medical errors at the time of prescribing and transcription of medical orders.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> There are a few articles, letters to the editor or editorial warning of their proliferation and excess,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and some reports of their incomprehensibility,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> declaring them undesirable or unnecessary,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,14</span></a> while its irony is foreshadowed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,16</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although there are international organizations responsible for the registration, control and publication of commonly used abbreviations, most of the acronyms that are published are not covered by these standards but arise by spontaneous generation, according to the wit and whim of each author or workgroup.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Simple rules have been invoked for the formation of acronyms but not always complied with<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>: they should have a minimum of three letters, an easy pronunciation, be useful to facilitate communication and serve beyond the simple publication, one should always explain the meaning first time they appear in the text and not use more than one new abbreviation in every article. It is not good to mortify the reader by referring to the list of abbreviations on the first or last pages of the magazine, as if we used the Rosetta stone to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Aware of this problem, the editors of leading journals in rheumatology, including this one, proposed to unify the list of acronyms commonly used.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> In an effort to synthesize, an initial list of nearly 1500 terms in three stages lowered them to 250, updated approximately every 5 years<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20,21</span></a> and is available on the website of the journal Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> Moreover, compilation books on acronyms and resources have been published on the Internet.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23–25</span></a> To avoid ambiguity, computer models have been developed to help identify their true meaining,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26,27</span></a> and thus, the paradox is served: a technique that was created to simplify the language has become incomprehensible and become a weapon whose method requires complex decryption.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the chapter on abbreviations of the Doyma Editions Style Manual,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> published almost two decades ago, this resource was described as conflicting grammar and despised the vices inherent that the contemporary world reflected through abbreviations branding them as opportunists (such as infections), capricious, riotous, pressing, trapping, ephemeral and stateless libertines: a true enfant terrible of the scientific-technical language, a dramatic trial. Without going that far, Aristotle claimed that virtue was to be able to find meaning between two extremes. Only use of abbreviations in an appropriate context with rules established by custom can avoid a new Tower of Babel of Acronyms.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-09-12" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-09-17" "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please, cite this article as: Tena Marsà X. El culto a las abreviaciones: idolatría o virtud. Reumatol Clin. 2012; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">8(2)</span>: 54–5.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:28 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Problemas del lenguaje médico actual (II). 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 11 | 21 | 32 |
| 2024 October | 53 | 48 | 101 |
| 2024 September | 73 | 28 | 101 |
| 2024 August | 78 | 47 | 125 |
| 2024 July | 73 | 35 | 108 |
| 2024 June | 76 | 45 | 121 |
| 2024 May | 71 | 44 | 115 |
| 2024 April | 59 | 19 | 78 |
| 2024 March | 84 | 42 | 126 |
| 2024 February | 76 | 23 | 99 |
| 2024 January | 94 | 23 | 117 |
| 2023 December | 98 | 25 | 123 |
| 2023 November | 124 | 31 | 155 |
| 2023 October | 70 | 30 | 100 |
| 2023 September | 105 | 34 | 139 |
| 2023 August | 46 | 27 | 73 |
| 2023 July | 34 | 27 | 61 |
| 2023 June | 38 | 30 | 68 |
| 2023 May | 38 | 24 | 62 |
| 2023 April | 28 | 3 | 31 |
| 2023 March | 60 | 29 | 89 |
| 2023 February | 54 | 38 | 92 |
| 2023 January | 49 | 18 | 67 |
| 2022 December | 80 | 38 | 118 |
| 2022 November | 72 | 31 | 103 |
| 2022 October | 101 | 23 | 124 |
| 2022 September | 41 | 28 | 69 |
| 2022 August | 39 | 44 | 83 |
| 2022 July | 37 | 39 | 76 |
| 2022 June | 34 | 39 | 73 |
| 2022 May | 43 | 41 | 84 |
| 2022 April | 43 | 41 | 84 |
| 2022 March | 36 | 52 | 88 |
| 2022 February | 29 | 33 | 62 |
| 2022 January | 33 | 47 | 80 |
| 2021 December | 39 | 40 | 79 |
| 2021 November | 31 | 40 | 71 |
| 2021 October | 45 | 55 | 100 |
| 2021 September | 39 | 43 | 82 |
| 2021 August | 35 | 34 | 69 |
| 2021 July | 24 | 33 | 57 |
| 2021 June | 38 | 38 | 76 |
| 2021 May | 53 | 45 | 98 |
| 2021 April | 86 | 111 | 197 |
| 2021 March | 52 | 29 | 81 |
| 2021 February | 45 | 25 | 70 |
| 2021 January | 35 | 18 | 53 |
| 2020 December | 36 | 10 | 46 |
| 2020 November | 32 | 17 | 49 |
| 2020 October | 21 | 15 | 36 |
| 2020 September | 47 | 24 | 71 |
| 2020 August | 34 | 16 | 50 |
| 2020 July | 14 | 18 | 32 |
| 2020 June | 40 | 18 | 58 |
| 2020 May | 24 | 11 | 35 |
| 2020 April | 25 | 12 | 37 |
| 2020 March | 25 | 7 | 32 |
| 2020 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 September | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 June | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 April | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 May | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 April | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2018 March | 46 | 9 | 55 |
| 2018 February | 21 | 6 | 27 |
| 2018 January | 30 | 8 | 38 |
| 2017 December | 31 | 5 | 36 |
| 2017 November | 38 | 8 | 46 |
| 2017 October | 27 | 4 | 31 |
| 2017 September | 35 | 7 | 42 |
| 2017 August | 59 | 10 | 69 |
| 2017 July | 51 | 9 | 60 |
| 2017 June | 46 | 13 | 59 |
| 2017 May | 43 | 21 | 64 |
| 2017 April | 23 | 9 | 32 |
| 2017 March | 31 | 10 | 41 |
| 2017 February | 33 | 7 | 40 |
| 2017 January | 23 | 11 | 34 |
| 2016 December | 64 | 11 | 75 |
| 2016 November | 45 | 7 | 52 |
| 2016 October | 66 | 16 | 82 |
| 2016 September | 65 | 9 | 74 |
| 2016 August | 76 | 4 | 80 |
| 2016 July | 35 | 11 | 46 |
| 2015 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 September | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 August | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 July | 24 | 7 | 31 |
| 2015 June | 33 | 10 | 43 |
| 2015 May | 179 | 10 | 189 |
| 2015 April | 34 | 9 | 43 |
| 2015 March | 45 | 8 | 53 |
| 2015 February | 31 | 3 | 34 |
| 2015 January | 58 | 15 | 73 |
| 2014 December | 68 | 14 | 82 |
| 2014 November | 28 | 11 | 39 |
| 2014 October | 46 | 20 | 66 |
| 2014 September | 45 | 10 | 55 |
| 2014 August | 32 | 17 | 49 |
| 2014 July | 65 | 19 | 84 |
| 2014 June | 60 | 14 | 74 |
| 2014 May | 67 | 17 | 84 |
| 2014 April | 63 | 12 | 75 |
| 2014 March | 71 | 26 | 97 |
| 2014 February | 76 | 12 | 88 |
| 2014 January | 56 | 10 | 66 |
| 2013 December | 35 | 8 | 43 |
| 2013 November | 47 | 9 | 56 |
| 2013 October | 41 | 11 | 52 |
| 2013 September | 45 | 10 | 55 |
| 2013 August | 50 | 9 | 59 |
| 2013 July | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2013 June | 42 | 11 | 53 |
| 2013 May | 39 | 6 | 45 |
| 2013 April | 46 | 14 | 60 |
| 2013 March | 42 | 12 | 54 |
| 2013 February | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2013 January | 38 | 14 | 52 |
| 2012 December | 38 | 11 | 49 |
| 2012 November | 21 | 8 | 29 |
| 2012 October | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2012 September | 13 | 3 | 16 |
| 2012 July | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2012 June | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2012 May | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| 2012 April | 13 | 0 | 13 |
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