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Evaluation of Hand Function in Rheumatic Disease. Validation and Usefulness of the Spanish Version AUSCAN, m-SACRAH, and Cochin Questionnaires
Evaluación de la función de la mano en las enfermedades reumáticas. Validación y utilidad de los cuestionarios AUSCAN, m-SACRAH, DASH y Cochin en Español
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Validación y utilidad de los cuestionarios AUSCAN, m-SACRAH, DASH y Cochin en Español" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Deformity of the hands is a common condition in rheumatic diseases, and pain and loss of function produce progressive difficulty in performing everyday activities, with a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. The various types of disease are related to age, sex, hand dominance, occupation, activities, physical activity, and chronic diseases. However, due to the difficulty in achieving a comprehensive evaluation of the hands of these patients, and in an attempt to make objective any symptoms and alterations in their function, different scales, and questionnaires have been created to provide a comprehensive assessment of pain, stiffness, and impact of these symptoms in activities of daily life.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The questionnaires that assess hand function published to date are: Cochin,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> m-SACRAH,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> DASH,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> which also evaluates the function of shoulder and elbow, ABILHAND,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> AUSCAN,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHOQ) designed for patients with various pathologies of the hand, even related to surgery,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> designed to measure the impact of disease on the health status of patients in a multidimensional way, previously translated and validated in Mexico,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and which has even been used to evaluate the outcome of various treatments in rheumatic diseases.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Jebsen test was designed to provide a short and objective test of hand function, evaluating activities commonly performed in everyday life, and has already been validated in rheumatic<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> diseases, but requires time for its implementation (15–45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Questionnaires vary in the number of items (between 12 and 78), diseases in which they have been validated (RA, OA 4), application and classification performed by the researcher. Likewise, some evaluate pain, function and stiffness, which reflects the condition of the disease on activities of daily life. DASH was recently validated in Spain,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and Cochin and MHOQ in México<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> and Colombia.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study we used the Dashe, Cochin, m-SACRAH, and AUSCAN; the 4 questionnaires are similar, they all assess whether there is difficulty opening a door, 3 of them assess the ability to button a shirt, open a jar, hold and lift and open a faucet (which in Spain is known as a tap).</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objectives of this study were to translate into Spanish and validate the m-SACRAH and AUSCAN questionnaires; to perform a cultural adaptation of a previously validated version of DASH (used in Spain), plus the version of Cochin validated in Mexico and compare one another in patients with rheumatic diseases and various degrees and types of involvement of the hands.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Subjects</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The translation and validation of questionnaires were performed by the following subjects: a) English/Spanish Anglophone translator, b) Participating investigators committee A (RAR, COLL, GMR, EAH, and JVM), c) Committee B: 12 people (not researchers, not doctors, and variable schooling), who were hospital workers or family members; d) healthy subjects n=10, different from committee B, but hospital workers and family, and e) patients with rheumatic disease of the hands n=16.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Questionnaires</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">a)</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DASH. This instrument had already been translated into Spanish and validated in Spain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>; starting with this release, committees A and B, led by 3 people, conducted an independent review and then met to discuss each question and its wording; during this process 5 words were replaced whose use is not common in the Spanish spoken in Mexico and, in addition, changed the presentation format for the various response options.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">b)</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">m-SACRAH and AUSCAN, following the methodology suggested,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–17</span></a> were first translated and then back-translated (Committee A and Anglophone translator). The committee independently reviewed the original questionnaires in English and the back-translated version first and then a joint meeting did it, and was finally approved after joint evaluation and discussion of the final versions by committees A and B.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">c)</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cochin was recently translated and validated in México<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>; this questionnaire was requested from the authors and the version provided by them was used in this study.</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The final version of the DASH, m-SACRAH, AUSCAN, and Cochin were approved by resolution of committee A, subsequently revised and approved by committee B and, finally, became a pilot study with the healthy subjects who were asked to notify if they understood the questions and possible answers, as well as to disclose any confusion with any questions or if they had comments. According to the observations obtained in the pilot study, the committee made changes deemed necessary in the wording of the questions (face and content validity).</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Questionnaires were applied on a normal day at the rheumatology clinic and patients who agreed to participate in the study through written informed consent were evaluated by the rheumatologist responsible and subsequently received a booklet, responding alone, with the help of a relative or interviewer if you so required. The booklet consisted of the 4 questionnaires (m-SACRAH, AUSCAN, Cochin, and DASH) in variable order; we recorded the time required for patients to answer each one and, finally, we asked which questionnaire they preferred.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reliability or consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha in the 4 questionnaires. The stability was determined in some patients without clinical changes in which we applied one of the four questionnaires, 3 days after the first.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Clinical Evaluation</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The variables analyzed in the patient group were: age, sex, hand dominance, diagnosis, number of tender, swollen joints, and limited mobility. The rheumatologist assessment was a pre-response to questionnaires and included 2 visual analog scales from 0 (best) to 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm (worst possible), the first referring to the function of the hands and the second to the patient overall (construct validity).</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As part of the analysis, we evaluated the discriminatory ability of the questionnaires between 2 groups with condition of the hand, mild affection (assessment of hand function by VAS: 0–4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm) and moderate to severe disease (VAS hand function 5–10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm).</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Statistical Analysis</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Initially, all subjects (healthy and patients) were included in a group with varying disorders in hand function, regardless of diagnosis they had. We assessed whether a greater clinical dysfunction of the hands was related to demographic and clinical variables, and higher scores on the various function questionnaires using <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> test, linear correlation and Cronbach's alpha. The score of the questionnaires on the day of the visit was compared with the same score after 3 days (test-retest), using intraclass correlation coefficient.</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Characteristics of Subjects</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included 10 healthy subjects and 16 patients with rheumatic diseases and varying degrees of involvement of the hands (3 with osteoarthritis of the hands,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> 5 with rheumatoid arthritis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> 4 with gout<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> and 4 with systemic sclerosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>); data shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Questionnaires</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 4 questionnaires were similar for the assessment of rheumatic patients; the general data of each are found in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There was good correlation of the 4 questionnaires with each other (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>) and although smaller in power, with hand function (VAS) conducted by the physician, and this, in turn, was related to the general health VAS status (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.649, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.006) and number of swollen joints (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.585, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.017). All questionnaires had a tendency to show lower scores, although this may be secondary to most of the patients having mild to moderate functional impairment.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When patients were divided into 2 groups according to the hand function VAS, no significant differences between groups were seen in terms of age and education (45±12 years vs 43±7 and 9 years±4 vs 8.7±3, respectively), or in the required time to complete the questionnaires.</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, the total score was different in patients with mild vs moderate to severe disease for the AUSCAN, m-SACRAH, and DASH questionnaires; the difference was not significant for Cochin (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After answering them, we asked patients to indicate which of the 4 was their favorite: 62.5% (10/16) preferred AUSCAN, 25% (4/16) Cochin, and 12.5% (2/16) the m-SACRAH; no patients preferred the DASH.</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 4 questionnaires showed validity for assessing the function of the hands of Mexican patients with nodal osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout and systemic sclerosis. The time and trouble to answer them was similar between them. The degree of hand function was related to the assessment of the treating physician.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although patients with more affection of the hands required more time to answer them, the differences were not significant. The scores of Cochin in patients with greater hand dysfunction was nearly double those of lesser condition, but this difference was not significant, which if compared with the other questionnaires shows the difference in score between both groups as higher.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A higher percentage of patients preferred AUSCAN and none the DASH, probably because in the latter, the function of the elbows and shoulders is also assessed, is longer and requires more time to answer.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients included in this study were seen at the rheumatology clinic and none had severe functional disability; the usefulness of questionnaires in patients with severe disability is not known, because these patients generally are not included in studies.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In daily practice, the use of AUSCAN, mSACRAH, Cochin, and DASH in versions validated for Mexico provides a useful assessment of the functional aspect of the hands in patients with rheumatic diseases, as demonstrated with other versions of these questionnaires, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22,23</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, we compared conceptually equivalent questionnaires in Spanish to their original versions, and according to the results, the AUSCAN questionnaire outperformed others in rheumatic patients, so it could be a useful tool for everyday use in patient assessment.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Ethical disclosures</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Protection of human and animal subjects</span>. The authors declare that the procedures followed were in accordance with the regulations of the responsible Clinical Research Ethics Committee and in accordance with those of the World Medical Association and the Helsinki Declaration.</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Confidentiality of Data</span>. The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Right to privacy and informed consent</span>. The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and /or subjects mentioned in the article. The author for correspondence is in possession of this document.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of Interest</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres125914" "titulo" => array:6 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Introduction" 2 => "Objectives" 3 => "Material and methods" 4 => "Results" 5 => "Conclusion" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec113209" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres125913" "titulo" => array:6 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Introducción" 2 => "Objetivos" 3 => "Material y métodos" 4 => "Resultados" 5 => "Conclusión" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec113208" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and Methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Questionnaires" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Clinical Evaluation" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Statistical Analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Characteristics of Subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Questionnaires" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interest" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack38125" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-12-05" "fechaAceptado" => "2012-03-25" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec113209" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Validation" 1 => "AUSCAN" 2 => "m-SACRAH" 3 => "DASH" 4 => "Cochin" 5 => "Hand function" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec113208" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Validación" 1 => "AUSCAN" 2 => "m-SACRAH" 3 => "DASH" 4 => "Cochin" 5 => "Función de las manos" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Questionnaires to evaluate hand function are variable in the number of items, domains and diseases in which they had been previously used.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objectives</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a)</span> To translate to Spanish and validate the Modified Score for the Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatic Affection of the Hands (m-SACRAH), and Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) questionnaires; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b)</span> to do a transcultural adaptation of DASHe, previously validated in Spain); and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c)</span> to compare them and the Cochin questionnaire (previously validated in México), in rheumatic patients with variable impairment of hand function.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">m-SACRAH, AUSCAN, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) were translated/retro-translated and adapted. The final version was revised to determine content validity of m-SACRAH, AUSCAN, and DASH, plus Cochin were applied to 10 healthy subjects (pilot study) with a variable educational level and in 16 rheumatic patients with variable diagnoses and degrees of hand function impairment; all patients answered 4 questionnaires and were evaluated clinically by blinded investigators.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-six percent were women, mean age 45.7±11.4 years. Cronbach's alpha ><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.90; time to answer went from 2.3±0.087 (AUSCAN) to 3.5±0.36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min (DASH). There was good correlation among them (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.0683 AUSCAN-m-SACRAH to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>=0.889 AUSCAN–DASH) and good capability for discrimination between patients with mild vs moderate to severe impairment was also demonstrated; patients with mild impairment needed less time to answer them and there were no significant differences among questionnaire scores. Patients preferred AUSCAN (10/16), Cochin (4/16), and m-SACRAH (2/16).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The 4 questionnaires are useful to evaluate hand function in rheumatic patients and have good discrimination capability. More patients preferred AUSCAN.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los cuestionarios para valorar la función de las manos difieren en el número de ítems, dominios evaluados y enfermedades en las que se han utilizado.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a)</span> Traducir y validar al español m-SACRAH y AUSCAN; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b)</span> hacer la adaptación transcultural del DASHe, ya validado en España, y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c)</span> comparar los anteriores más el Cochin (previamente validado en México), en pacientes reumáticos y diversos grados de afección de las manos.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y métodos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El m-SACRAH, AUSCAN y DASH fueron traducidos/retrotraducidos y adaptados. Evaluamos validez de contenido en los 3 y, junto con el Cochin, se aplicaron a 10 sujetos sanos con escolaridad variable (estudio piloto) y a 16 pacientes reumáticos con diversos diagnósticos y grados de afección de las manos; todos respondieron los 4 cuestionarios y fueron evaluados clínicamente en forma ciega.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 76% fueron mujeres, edad: 45,7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11,4 años. El alfa de Cronbach fue ><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,90; el tiempo para responderlos estuvo entre 2,3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,087 (AUSCAN) a 3,5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,36 minutos (DASH). Hubo buena correlación de los cuestionarios entre sí (de r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,683, AUSCAN-m-SACRAH a r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,889 AUSCAN-DASH) y adecuada capacidad discriminatoria en pacientes con afección leve VS moderada a grave; los pacientes con afección leve tardaron menos tiempo en responderlos, no hubo diferencias significativas en las calificaciones de los cuestionarios entre sí. Los pacientes prefirieron: AUSCAN (10/16), Cochin (4/16) y m-SACRAH (2/16).</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los 4 cuestionarios son útiles para valorar la afección de las manos en las enfermedades reumáticas y tienen buena capacidad discriminatoria. El AUSCAN fue el que agradó a mayor número de pacientes.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Arreguín Reyes R, et al. Evaluación de la función de la mano en las enfermedades reumáticas. Validación y utilidad de los cuestionarios AUSCAN, m-SACRAH, DASH y Cochin en Español. Reumatol Clin. 2012. <span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" href="doi:10.1016/j.reuma.2012.03.005">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reuma.2012.03.005</span></p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">X</span>±SD except when specified.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age, years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.7±11.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Women \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Schooling, years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">9.5±3.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right handed \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Painful joints \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4.0±2.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Swollen joints \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.0±2.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">VAS general health, cm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.19±2.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">VAS hand function, cm \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.30±2.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab212419.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">General Characteristics of Participants (Healthy n=10 and Rheumatic Patients n=16).</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean values, standard deviation shown in parenthesis.</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Response time and total score of included subjects (healthy and rheumatic patients).</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Questionnaire \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of Items \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Maximum Score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cronbach's Alpha \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Response Time, s \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total Score \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intraclass Correlation Coefficient \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AUSCAN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.957 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">142.5 (20.49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.98 (13.62) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.882 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DASH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">150 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.950 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">210.0 (21.90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68.56 (22.93) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.921 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">m-SACRAH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.942 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">148.5 (25.28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.50 (22.49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.802 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.0009 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cochin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.930 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">161.25 (18.57) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.56 (13.68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.928 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>=.0001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab212417.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of AUSCAN, DASH, m-SACRAH, and Cochin Questionnaires.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Number refers to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> value; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> is shown in parenthesis.</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Functional evaluation of the hand evaluated by a physician using a visual analog scale.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Questionnaire/Category \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">m-SACRAH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DASH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cochin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">AUSCAN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">m-SACRAH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DASH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.779 (0.000) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cochin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.705 (0.002) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.862 (0.000) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AUSCAN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.683 (0.004) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.889 (0.000) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.819 (0.000) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Functional evaluation of the hand \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.521 (0.039) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.477 (0.061) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.352 (0.182) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.496 (0.051) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab212418.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation Between Questionnaires and Functional Evaluation of the Hands.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean values, standard deviation shown in parenthesis.</p><p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Functional evaluation of the hand evaluated by a physician using a visual analog scale.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Questionnaire \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Time to Respond Questionnaire (s) According to Hand Affection</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total Score According to Hand Affection</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mild (n=7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moderate to Severe (n=9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mild (n=7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Moderate to Severe (n=9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">AUSCAN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">141.43 (22.68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">143.33 (20.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.861 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.71 (6.77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.22 (14.49) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DASH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">201.43 (22.68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">216.67 (20.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.175 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54.86 (79.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">79.22 (23.58) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.029 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">m-SACRAH \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">137.86 (23.07) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">156.67 (25.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.145 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16.43 (8.40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41.44 (24.25) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.021 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cochin \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">162.86 (23.60) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">160.00 (15.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.772 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.00 (9.09) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">22.67 (14.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.091 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab212416.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Comparison of Questionnaires According to the Degree of Hand Affection.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:23 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The ability of the Cochin rheumatoid arthritis hand function scale to detect change during the course 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Eugenia Sanchez Girard for her role as research assistant.</p>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735743/0000000800000005/v1_201305061645/S2173574312000809/v1_201305061645/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "17338" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Article" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000000800000005/v1_201305061645/S2173574312000809/v1_201305061645/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574312000809?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 17 | 17 | 34 |
| 2024 October | 52 | 44 | 96 |
| 2024 September | 56 | 35 | 91 |
| 2024 August | 72 | 46 | 118 |
| 2024 July | 60 | 30 | 90 |
| 2024 June | 76 | 63 | 139 |
| 2024 May | 98 | 48 | 146 |
| 2024 April | 75 | 36 | 111 |
| 2024 March | 74 | 40 | 114 |
| 2024 February | 36 | 36 | 72 |
| 2024 January | 51 | 25 | 76 |
| 2023 December | 39 | 34 | 73 |
| 2023 November | 49 | 37 | 86 |
| 2023 October | 92 | 33 | 125 |
| 2023 September | 108 | 44 | 152 |
| 2023 August | 51 | 24 | 75 |
| 2023 July | 35 | 26 | 61 |
| 2023 June | 52 | 27 | 79 |
| 2023 May | 53 | 20 | 73 |
| 2023 April | 38 | 9 | 47 |
| 2023 March | 62 | 43 | 105 |
| 2023 February | 51 | 35 | 86 |
| 2023 January | 51 | 26 | 77 |
| 2022 December | 83 | 43 | 126 |
| 2022 November | 74 | 29 | 103 |
| 2022 October | 49 | 46 | 95 |
| 2022 September | 41 | 45 | 86 |
| 2022 August | 34 | 29 | 63 |
| 2022 July | 31 | 42 | 73 |
| 2022 June | 54 | 43 | 97 |
| 2022 May | 32 | 37 | 69 |
| 2022 April | 56 | 65 | 121 |
| 2022 March | 51 | 54 | 105 |
| 2022 February | 39 | 44 | 83 |
| 2022 January | 56 | 42 | 98 |
| 2021 December | 30 | 39 | 69 |
| 2021 November | 35 | 50 | 85 |
| 2021 October | 63 | 51 | 114 |
| 2021 September | 44 | 43 | 87 |
| 2021 August | 28 | 43 | 71 |
| 2021 July | 28 | 17 | 45 |
| 2021 June | 27 | 36 | 63 |
| 2021 May | 42 | 51 | 93 |
| 2021 April | 137 | 76 | 213 |
| 2021 March | 49 | 33 | 82 |
| 2021 February | 59 | 28 | 87 |
| 2021 January | 49 | 19 | 68 |
| 2020 December | 43 | 27 | 70 |
| 2020 November | 31 | 31 | 62 |
| 2020 October | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2020 September | 45 | 23 | 68 |
| 2020 August | 26 | 30 | 56 |
| 2020 July | 26 | 30 | 56 |
| 2020 June | 33 | 26 | 59 |
| 2020 May | 40 | 28 | 68 |
| 2020 April | 41 | 21 | 62 |
| 2020 March | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2020 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2020 January | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 June | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 December | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 May | 10 | 1 | 11 |
| 2018 April | 319 | 7 | 326 |
| 2018 March | 52 | 8 | 60 |
| 2018 February | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| 2018 January | 24 | 4 | 28 |
| 2017 December | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| 2017 November | 34 | 6 | 40 |
| 2017 October | 36 | 6 | 42 |
| 2017 September | 40 | 13 | 53 |
| 2017 August | 58 | 8 | 66 |
| 2017 July | 50 | 12 | 62 |
| 2017 June | 78 | 17 | 95 |
| 2017 May | 88 | 15 | 103 |
| 2017 April | 53 | 10 | 63 |
| 2017 March | 67 | 9 | 76 |
| 2017 February | 36 | 12 | 48 |
| 2017 January | 39 | 16 | 55 |
| 2016 December | 68 | 18 | 86 |
| 2016 November | 54 | 11 | 65 |
| 2016 October | 81 | 7 | 88 |
| 2016 September | 93 | 14 | 107 |
| 2016 August | 94 | 8 | 102 |
| 2016 July | 34 | 8 | 42 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2016 January | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 December | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2015 November | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 October | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2015 September | 3 | 15 | 18 |
| 2015 August | 4 | 6 | 10 |
| 2015 July | 27 | 5 | 32 |
| 2015 June | 49 | 4 | 53 |
| 2015 May | 66 | 19 | 85 |
| 2015 April | 52 | 17 | 69 |
| 2015 March | 53 | 13 | 66 |
| 2015 February | 53 | 15 | 68 |
| 2015 January | 46 | 16 | 62 |
| 2014 December | 64 | 15 | 79 |
| 2014 November | 62 | 14 | 76 |
| 2014 October | 61 | 13 | 74 |
| 2014 September | 38 | 7 | 45 |
| 2014 August | 54 | 13 | 67 |
| 2014 July | 38 | 14 | 52 |
| 2014 June | 52 | 11 | 63 |
| 2014 May | 42 | 20 | 62 |
| 2014 April | 47 | 7 | 54 |
| 2014 March | 43 | 16 | 59 |
| 2014 February | 44 | 21 | 65 |
| 2014 January | 49 | 20 | 69 |
| 2013 December | 39 | 8 | 47 |
| 2013 November | 39 | 15 | 54 |
| 2013 October | 58 | 13 | 71 |
| 2013 September | 43 | 9 | 52 |
| 2013 August | 39 | 10 | 49 |
| 2013 July | 41 | 13 | 54 |
| 2013 June | 46 | 12 | 58 |
| 2013 May | 49 | 11 | 60 |
| 2013 April | 55 | 29 | 84 |
| 2013 March | 34 | 24 | 58 |
| 2013 February | 49 | 13 | 62 |
| 2013 January | 28 | 19 | 47 |
| 2012 December | 30 | 19 | 49 |
| 2012 November | 33 | 32 | 65 |
| 2012 October | 24 | 20 | 44 |
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