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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "257" "paginaFinal" => "258" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Silvia Pérez Esteban, Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Silvia" "apellidos" => "Pérez Esteban" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Gabriel" "apellidos" => "Herrero-Beaumont" "email" => array:2 [ 0 => "gherrero@fjd.es" 1 => "gherrerobeaumont@infonegocio.coms" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Reumatología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Reumatología, Laboratorio de Patología Osteoarticular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "¿Osteoinmunología, osteo-reumatología o reumatología sin más?" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Osteoimmunology</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2000, Joseph Lorenzo, Yongwon Choi, Mark Horowitz and Hiroshi Takayanagi proposed a new multidisciplinary field of scientific knowledge, which they called osteoimmunology, the content of which would revolve around the idea that the immune and skeletal systems interact, and thus are involved in the pathophysiology of bone diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The first of a long list of experiments that supported this relationship showed that peripheral blood monocyte culture supernatant of healthy individuals contained a phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mediator called osteoclast activating factor,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> later identified as interleukin-1 (IL-1).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Later, it was observed that both tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6) also induce bone resorption.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> Finally, the process of differentiation of osteoclasts, cells responsible for bone resorption from hematopoietic precursors stimulated with colony stimulating factor and macrophage RANKL, was described, as well as the acceleration of osteoclastogenesis by proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF and IL-6 in the presence of RANK-L. Subsequently, new developments, beautifully described by Santos and Luis Castañeda Arboleya in this issue of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">Reumatología Clínica,</span> have been incorporated into the scientific expertise in this line of research, with many exciting discoveries ranging from intracellular signaling through intercellular communication, to understanding the mechanisms of specific injuries such as bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis or bone metastases cancer.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> In fact, many of the processes involved in the relationship between the immune system and bone constitute therapeutic targets for the development of new pharmacological interventions.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From a more global and not strictly scientific perspective, osteoimmunology fits well to a double need, on one hand stimulating the development of a field of scientific knowledge and, on the other, providing knowledge. In fact, these same scientists launched in 2006 the International Conference on Osteoimmunology. The idea spread quickly, although with different acceptance rates, as for some scholars it fits perfectly within the current limits of our specialty. While it is true that the book published by these four authors, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Osteoimmunology: Interactions of the Immune and Skeletal Systems. A Promising Bridge Between the immune and skeletal systems</span>, is packed with scientific content, so it happens that around such initiatives, lobbyists are generated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Joints and Bone Are Injured in Autoimmune Diseases</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Below, we will discuss the reasons that may favor the expansion and consolidation of this proposal. Some are difficult to compress at present, especially for younger readers. We will start from a concrete example: rheumatoid arthritis, which provides an excellent opportunity to understand what the concept of osteoimmunology is and why it has developed. During the first half of the twentieth century, the disease was characterized by progressive and irreversible deterioration of the joints, while treatment depended largely on rehabilitative and physical therapies, there was no really effective drug alternatives. That is, a chronic disease of the musculoskeletal system condemning patients to the spa and disability.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1951, Jiménez Díaz et al. published a series of articles that showed the results of treatment with nitrogen mustard in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as well as a research strategy which was very modern for its time.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7–10</span></a> This contribution was a radical change of the vision we had of the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Using for the first time immunosuppressive therapy framed this disease in the field of “immuno-allergic” diseases and, from this perspective, it became a treatable disease. Parenthetically, we would like to emphasize a curious fact that should make us think, it being that Spanish rheumatologists have never really been aware of the enormous importance of this contribution to the knowledge of the disease. So much so, that it was a line of research that died without taking off in Spain, but as we all know, triumphed in rheumatology.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another consequence of this conceptual shift is that one came to think of rheumatoid arthritis as a disease of the synovium and joint, forming the rest of the pathogenesis, especially concerning what happened to the bone, an uninteresting complication from the academic point of view and unnecessary from a therapeutic one. In every way, a failure of the rheumatologist. So, we drifted away from the bone and cartilage, and to the autoimmune diseases without considering the bone. The injury in these tissues was like a sentence with no academic interest.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite this, diarthrodial joints are composed of a synovial membrane, cartilage and subchondral bone, anatomical structures involved in the pathogenesis of all chronic joint diseases. Furthermore, the autoimmune inflammatory diseases not only affect the subchondral bone, but the entire skeleton of the patient. Currently, it is widely accepted that the immune system is involved in the functioning of bone metabolism. Bone homeostasis is largely dependent on remodeling sites and is regulated by immune mechanisms, particularly in situations of pathological activation. Otherwise it makes no biological sense: how is that a system that assists in the functioning of all body tissues was not going to do so in the bone? But in this approach lies a fundamental concept: both the bone and cartilage are living tissues, biologically active, although with operating characteristics derived from their unique structural features.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">The 2 Components of a Term: Bone on One Side. Immunology Rheumatology and Inflammation on the Other?</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Probably before you can answer that question rigorously we should try to answer the following ones.<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">What is the immune response and how does it fit in chronic inflammation? How is innate immunity integrated into this system?</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">How should we define the inflammatory response at the cellular level, for example, in chondrocytes or osteoblasts?</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Do tissue damage effector cells of uncalcified cartilage, such as synovial B cells, have a profile similar to the activation and response of osteoclasts?</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Can we say that the bone can become swollen because there is an increase in remodeling?</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The joint has a subtle biological interface separating two kinds of tissues with completely different structural features: the bone and the cartilage, on one hand, and the synovial membrane, on the other. When we speak from the synovial standpoint we speak of autoimmune arthritis, and when we do it from the bones’ point of view, we talk about osteoimmunology. Obviously, in reality, these are interpretations of the same pathological phenomenon that lead to a single outcome. Without this view, the absence of studies on the effect of mechanical loading on the modulation of immune-related bone is understandable.</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To better encompass this field of knowledge with a name more consistent with reality, perhaps we could have resorted to the term osteo-rheumatology, reflecting the biological involvement of bone, cartilage and other periarticular tissues in the pathophysiology of all chronic arthropathies, including of course, those of degenerative origin. Obviously, this field would be immersed in our specialty.</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, osteoimmunology or osteo-rheumatology are proposals that facilitate the integration of knowledge that, probably for historical reasons, were unnecessarily apart. Not only does it explain the relationship between immunity and bone, but, more importantly, enables a holistic understanding of the disease. In this way, it allow us to better explain the pathogenesis of pur patients and allows us to apply more effective treatments. Despite this, in no case does osteoimmunology represent a separate field of knowledge. On the contrary, it closes a cycle, which ultimately ends with the statement that rheumatic diseases are essentially biological-mechanical diseases.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Osteoimmunology" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Joints and Bone Are Injured in Autoimmune Diseases" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "The 2 Components of a Term: Bone on One Side. Immunology Rheumatology and Inflammation on the Other?" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack77445" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 4 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Pérez Esteban S, Herrero-Beaumont G. ¿Osteoinmunología, osteo-reumatología o reumatología sin más? Reumatol Clin. 2013;9:257–258.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Osteoimmunoly" "serieFecha" => "2011" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bone resorbing activity in supernatant fluid from cultured human peripheral blood leukocytes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.E. Horton" 1 => "L.G. Raisz" 2 => "H.A. Simmons" 3 => "J.J. Oppenheim" 4 => "S.E. 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Perianes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Med Assoc" "fecha" => "1951" "volumen" => "147" "paginaInicial" => "1418" "paginaFinal" => "1419" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14873702" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Investigations on specific antibodies in the plasma in cardio-articular rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.M. Ales" 1 => "E. Arjona" 2 => "C. Jimenez Díaz" 3 => "E. López García" 4 => "J. Martínez" 5 => "J.M. Segovia" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp" "fecha" => "1951" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "83" "paginaFinal" => "86" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14844911" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of nitrogen mustard on antibody formation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C. Jimenez Díaz" 1 => "E. Arjona" 2 => "J.M. Ales" 3 => "J.M. Segovia" 4 => "J. Perianes" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp" "fecha" => "1951" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "203" "paginaFinal" => "204" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14920900" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack77445" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We thank Rachel Long and Jorge Roman-Blas for their cooperation. We thank Dr. Santos Castañeda for his suggestions.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735743/0000000900000005/v2_201403300049/S2173574313000750/v2_201403300049/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "17335" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorial" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000000900000005/v2_201403300049/S2173574313000750/v2_201403300049/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574313000750?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ]
Year/Month | Html | Total | |
---|---|---|---|
2024 November | 9 | 14 | 23 |
2024 October | 28 | 37 | 65 |
2024 September | 36 | 17 | 53 |
2024 August | 45 | 30 | 75 |
2024 July | 39 | 27 | 66 |
2024 June | 40 | 23 | 63 |
2024 May | 34 | 28 | 62 |
2024 April | 31 | 21 | 52 |
2024 March | 33 | 27 | 60 |
2024 February | 38 | 24 | 62 |
2024 January | 29 | 24 | 53 |
2023 December | 21 | 23 | 44 |
2023 November | 30 | 25 | 55 |
2023 October | 25 | 31 | 56 |
2023 September | 47 | 31 | 78 |
2023 August | 18 | 12 | 30 |
2023 July | 20 | 29 | 49 |
2023 June | 29 | 15 | 44 |
2023 May | 29 | 22 | 51 |
2023 April | 6 | 8 | 14 |
2023 March | 32 | 29 | 61 |
2023 February | 20 | 26 | 46 |
2023 January | 28 | 35 | 63 |
2022 December | 32 | 35 | 67 |
2022 November | 33 | 23 | 56 |
2022 October | 29 | 27 | 56 |
2022 September | 19 | 34 | 53 |
2022 August | 22 | 41 | 63 |
2022 July | 23 | 39 | 62 |
2022 June | 28 | 35 | 63 |
2022 May | 19 | 55 | 74 |
2022 April | 36 | 41 | 77 |
2022 March | 27 | 48 | 75 |
2022 February | 22 | 24 | 46 |
2022 January | 26 | 39 | 65 |
2021 December | 17 | 41 | 58 |
2021 November | 31 | 41 | 72 |
2021 October | 38 | 44 | 82 |
2021 September | 27 | 39 | 66 |
2021 August | 31 | 36 | 67 |
2021 July | 26 | 25 | 51 |
2021 June | 20 | 28 | 48 |
2021 May | 31 | 31 | 62 |
2021 April | 35 | 57 | 92 |
2021 March | 63 | 18 | 81 |
2021 February | 35 | 17 | 52 |
2021 January | 21 | 15 | 36 |
2020 December | 28 | 18 | 46 |
2020 November | 19 | 10 | 29 |
2020 October | 12 | 6 | 18 |
2020 September | 29 | 19 | 48 |
2020 August | 19 | 10 | 29 |
2020 July | 13 | 16 | 29 |
2020 June | 28 | 15 | 43 |
2020 May | 25 | 14 | 39 |
2020 April | 21 | 32 | 53 |
2020 March | 12 | 12 | 24 |
2019 April | 2 | 0 | 2 |
2019 January | 1 | 0 | 1 |
2018 May | 4 | 1 | 5 |
2018 April | 40 | 7 | 47 |
2018 March | 63 | 7 | 70 |
2018 February | 17 | 6 | 23 |
2018 January | 15 | 6 | 21 |
2017 December | 20 | 5 | 25 |
2017 November | 19 | 9 | 28 |
2017 October | 17 | 4 | 21 |
2017 September | 26 | 9 | 35 |
2017 August | 19 | 8 | 27 |
2017 July | 18 | 7 | 25 |
2017 June | 33 | 25 | 58 |
2017 May | 39 | 9 | 48 |
2017 April | 17 | 6 | 23 |
2017 March | 17 | 8 | 25 |
2017 February | 13 | 8 | 21 |
2017 January | 23 | 5 | 28 |
2016 December | 47 | 13 | 60 |
2016 November | 35 | 5 | 40 |
2016 October | 40 | 7 | 47 |
2016 September | 35 | 3 | 38 |
2016 August | 35 | 9 | 44 |
2016 July | 24 | 5 | 29 |