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Principal risk factors include contact with dogs and soil and residence in a rural region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> After ingestion <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara</span> spp&#46; embryonated eggs hatch in the intestines and the larvae migrate via the blood circulation to the liver&#44; lungs and left heart&#44; from where they disseminate via the systemic circulation to eyes&#44; brain or muscles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara</span> spp&#46; infections are highly pleiomorphic&#44; depending on the number and location of encysted larvae in the body and the immune sensitivity of the host&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Definitive diagnosis of toxocariasis would require identification of larvae in human tissues such as skin biopsies&#44; but this is rarely achieved&#46; 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Images in clinical rheumatology
Lumbar myositis associated with Toxocara spp. infection
Miositis lumbar asociada a infección por Toxocara spp
Anne-Pauline Bellangera,b,
Corresponding author
, Michel Rungec, Daniel Wendlingd, Philippe Humberte,f
a Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital, Besançon, France
b CNRS-University of Franche-Comte/UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Besançon, France
c Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Besançon, France
d Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Besançon, France
e Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Besançon, France
f SFR FED 4234 IBCT Cell and Tissue Engineering and Biology, INSERM U 1098_University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 67-year-old male patient presented with acute thoraco lumbar and right trochanteric pain at the consultation of Rheumatology&#46; The patient could not sleep due to the pain&#44; mostly localized in the right iliac crest but irradiating to the trochanter&#46; Pain was aggravated by pressure&#44; right side-lying and seating postures&#46; Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine revealed a lumbar myositis&#44; with T2 high signals in the paraspinal muscles &#40;L3&#8211;L4 area&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; There was no cutaneous eruption&#44; no neck stiffness&#44; no biologic inflammatory syndrome&#44; no biologic sign of muscular lysis and no hypereosinophilia&#46; Results of immunological investigations including complement fractions explorations&#44; rheumatoid factor dosage and cryoglobulins detection&#44; were negative&#46; Results of serum antibody tests for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Borrelia burgdorferi</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Coxiella burnetti</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treponema pallidum</span> were also negative&#46; In contrast&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara canis</span> serologic tests were strongly positive by both <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara</span> enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara</span> Western blot assays&#46; The patient did not have a dog but was living in a rural area and reported frequent contacts with soil&#46; Pains disappeared rapidly after 4 days of albendazole treatment&#46; Six months later&#44; the patients relapsed with similar symptoms in intensity and location&#59; the pains disappeared again after 4 days of albendazole treatment&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Human toxocariasis is a widespread soil-transmitted parasitic disease&#46; Principal risk factors include contact with dogs and soil and residence in a rural region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> After ingestion <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara</span> spp&#46; embryonated eggs hatch in the intestines and the larvae migrate via the blood circulation to the liver&#44; lungs and left heart&#44; from where they disseminate via the systemic circulation to eyes&#44; brain or muscles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara</span> spp&#46; infections are highly pleiomorphic&#44; depending on the number and location of encysted larvae in the body and the immune sensitivity of the host&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Definitive diagnosis of toxocariasis would require identification of larvae in human tissues such as skin biopsies&#44; but this is rarely achieved&#46; Besides&#44; as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxocara</span> spp&#46; infection is a parasitological dead-end&#44; neither adult roundworms nor eggs can be found in stools to make a direct diagnosis&#46; Consequently&#44; the diagnosis is usually made on the basis of serologic tests results&#46; Two types of tests are available for the immunodiagnosis of toxocariasis&#58; the ELISA and Western blot &#40;WB&#41;&#44; both using <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; canis</span> excretory-secretory antigens &#40;TES&#41;&#46; WB is the more sensitive and specific of the two assays&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Amongst all available drugs&#44; albendazole&#44; is the most commonly used and treatment of choice because its reaches higher serum levels&#44; is well-tolerated and better absorbed outside the gastronintestinal tract&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5</span></a> Repeated courses of anthelmintic treatments may be necessary to eliminate definitely the symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> Pharmacological treatment must be accompanied by prevention of recontamination by deworming dogs and sanitary education&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appears in this article&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735743
Original language: English
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2017 November 25 6 31
2017 October 23 8 31
2017 September 43 4 47
2017 August 39 13 52
2017 July 26 9 35
2017 June 43 16 59
2017 May 48 6 54
2017 April 30 4 34
2017 March 46 7 53
2017 February 16 4 20
2017 January 22 2 24
2016 December 40 13 53
2016 November 28 3 31
2016 October 46 13 59
2016 September 58 7 65
2016 August 37 7 44
2016 July 28 2 30
2016 April 1 0 1
2016 March 1 0 1
2015 December 2 0 2
2015 October 2 0 2
2015 August 2 0 2
2015 July 9 6 15
2015 June 20 4 24
2015 May 37 10 47
2015 April 14 11 25
2015 March 16 4 20
2015 February 19 4 23
2015 January 15 7 22
2014 December 18 10 28
2014 November 19 4 23
2014 October 22 9 31
2014 September 12 7 19
2014 August 17 9 26
2014 July 27 14 41
2014 June 38 11 49
2014 May 23 17 40
2014 April 32 10 42
2014 March 53 28 81
2014 February 26 19 45
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