Original article
ASDAS high disease activity versus BASDAI elevation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis as selection criterion for anti-TNF therapy
Actividad elevada ASDAS versus elevación de BASDAI en pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante como criterio de selección para el tratamiento con anti TNF-alfa
Nathan Vastesaegera,
, Bert Vander Cruyssenb, Juan Muleroc, Jordi Gratacós Masmitjád, Pedro Zarcoe, Raquel Almodovare, Pilar Fontf, Xavier Juanolag, Eduardo Collantes-Estevezf, on behalf of the REGISPONSER Working Group
Corresponding author
a Merck Sharp & Dohme, Brussels, Belgium
b Rheumatology Service, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
c Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
e Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Fundación de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
f Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital/IMIBIC and University of Córdoba, Spain
g Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
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"aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Fundación de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital/IMIBIC and University of Córdoba, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Actividad elevada ASDAS versus elevación de BASDAI en pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante como criterio de selección para el tratamiento con anti TNF-alfa" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2312 "Ancho" => 3095 "Tamanyo" => 902481 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Matrix representation of characteristics of patients selected with each criterion. Net numeric increase (green) or decrease (red) within each of the various subpopulations when the measure of disease activity used to select patients changes from elevated Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) to (A) Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) very high disease activity and (B) ASDAS high disease activity. Size of each of the 72 subpopulations, relative to the total population selected with the following disease activity measure: (C) very high ASDAS, (D) elevated BASDAI, and (E) high ASDAS. BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functionality Index; CRP, C-reactive protein.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => """ <span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For patients with axial spondyloarthritis and patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) failing 2 or more nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), recommendations for anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy require presence of elevated Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and positive expert opinion using clinical disease characteristics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> Even though clinical activity and physician judgment are still the main drivers for starting anti-TNF therapy, different studies suggest that demographic and disease characteristics, such as age, C-reactive protein (CRP), functionality, and HLA-B27 genotype may influence response to anti-TNF and therefore could help in the selection of candidates for treatment with these drugs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–9</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The reason elevated BASDAI is used for patient selection in treatment recommendations is because elevated BASDAI has also been used as a selection criterion in efficacy studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10,11</span></a> However, because a higher BASDAI score has been associated with nonresponse and anti-TNF treatment discontinuation,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5,7</span></a> selection with elevated BASDAI score may be a recipe for poor outcomes. As elevated disease activity is indispensable for patient selection, we investigated whether use of the newly developed Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) as selection instrument results in a different population of patients than those selected with BASDAI, and whether the populations could be characterized through characteristics that have been associated with response to anti-TNF therapy in published literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,12</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Disease activity instruments</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The BASDAI measures disease activity using six patient-reported questions pertaining to fatigue, spinal pain, joint pain/swelling, areas of localized tenderness, and morning stiffness.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Patients have an elevated disease activity if the BASDAI score is ≥4 on a 10-point scale.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ASDAS measures disease activity using an algorithm comprising 3 BASDAI questions (spinal pain, morning stiffness, and joint pain/swelling), the patient global assessment, and CRP.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.3 indicates moderate, ≥2.1 indicates high, and ≥3.5 indicates very high disease activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Characteristics associated with treatment outcome</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lower age, lower Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functionality Index (BASFI), lower enthesitis score, higher CRP, and presence of HLA-B27 have been associated with good outcomes to anti-TNF therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–8</span></a> Samples selected with the various disease activity measures/cutoffs were compared for their profile of these 5 characteristics.</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Patient population</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with AS according to the modified New York criteria included in the Spanish national registry of spondyloarthropathies (REGISPONSER), who had complete data for BASDAI, ASDAS, age, CRP, BASFI, presence of enthesitis, and HLA-B27 status, were included in this analysis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Analysis</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two-by-two cross-tabulation reflecting patient samples selected with BASDAI and ASDAS were created. Each sample's characteristics are reported using the following categories: BASFI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.5, 4.5–6.5, and >6.5; CRP \n <upper limit="" of="" normal="" (uln),="">\n ULN but <2\n </upper><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL, and >2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL; age ≤40 and >40 years; and enthesitis present or absent. The different combinations of these variables and categories allowed the identification of 72 subpopulations, which were represented in a matrix grid that situates subpopulations that have been associated with the best outcomes (i.e., high CRP, no enthesitis, HLA-B27-positive, low age, and low BASFI) in the upper right corner and those associated with lower response rates in the lower left corner.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The difference between the numbers of patients selected with ASDAS versus BASDAI is reported for each subpopulation. Subpopulations that had a net increase or decrease when selected with ASDAS are presented in green and red, respectively. The proportion of patients falling into each of the 72 subpopulations, relative to the total population selected with BASDAI or ASDAS are reported.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1156 patients had complete data for all variables (mean age: 48 years [SD 13], 74.5% male and 25.5% female). Mean disease duration was 21.5 years (SD: 13), 84.9% had positive HLA-B27 and 34.6% had history of enthesitis. A total of 17.0% was being treated with anti TNF agents, 9.2% was taking steroids, 8.6% methotrexate, 14.2% suphasalazine and 0.6% leflunomide. CRP value was <0.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL in 53.2% of the sample, whilst 11.6% had ≥2.0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the distribution of ASDAS and BASDAI values. Almost all patients had at least moderate ASDAS (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>A), two-thirds had at least high ASDAS (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>B), and one-quarter had very high ASDAS (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>C). Approximately half of the patients had elevated BASDAI. Among those with high ASDAS or high BASDAI, 14.3% and 15.1% were treated with anti TNF drugs respectively. Of 568 patients with a low BASDAI score, 210 patients had high disease activity as measured by ASDAS (37%, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>B), and only 16 had very high disease activity on ASDAS (2.8%, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>C). Of 390 patients with ASDAS <2.1, only 32 had elevated BASDAI (8.2%, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>B). There were no patients with ASDAS <1.3 and elevated BASDAI (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>C).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> shows that more patients selected with high ASDAS have disease characteristics that have been associated with positive outcomes of anti-TNF treatment in reported literature (markedly higher CRP and lower BASFI; slightly lower age, fewer patients with enthesitis, and more patients with HLA-B27 positive status) when compared to patients selected with elevated BASDAI. Patients with very high ASDAS had much higher CRP levels and were younger (both associated with positive outcomes in literature), but more frequently had enthesitis and had markedly higher BASFI scores (inversely associated with positive outcomes) when compared to those with elevated BASDAI. Characteristics of patients with moderate ASDAS were nearly identical to the total cohort (not shown).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Relative to the total population included in this analysis, the proportion of patients in subpopulations identified with characteristics that have been associated with positive outcomes (i.e. expected to respond well and located to the right and top of the matrix grid) increases when selection is done with high ASDAS instead of BASDAI (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B, D, and E). At the same time, few sub-populations are numerically decreasing when BASDAI is replaced by high ASDAS. These sub-populations are located at the bottom left of the matrix grid (i.e., associated with worse outcomes related to anti-TNF therapy) and the size of these subgroups relative to the total population goes down. If BASDAI is replaced by very high ASDAS, few subpopulations in the highest CRP category have a small increase, whereas most subpopulations show decreases in population size (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A, C, and D).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This analysis of cross-sectionally evaluated patients with AS in daily clinical practice describes the profile of patients who would be selected for anti-TNF therapy if different disease activity instruments were used. The purpose of this hypothesis-generating research was to evaluate which disease activity measure and threshold criterion would select the population that is most likely to have characteristics that have been associated with response to anti-TNF treatment in the literature. The data show that more patients have high ASDAS than elevated BASDAI, and compared to those selected with high BASDAI, patients selected with high ASDAS more frequently have disease characteristics that have a documented association to good response to anti-TNF therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The selection of patients for anti-TNF therapy is not an easy decision. The BASDAI instrument is currently the main driver to select candidates to receive anti-TNF therapy in AS, but positive expert opinion clinical based in clinical judgment based on disease characteristics is also very important.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1–3</span></a> In this study, we highlight that the BASDAI instrument may exclude a certain proportion of patients that (1) have high disease activity according to another instrument (i.e. the ASDAS activity index), (2) show characteristics that have been associated to good outcome to anti-TNF therapy in the literature, and (3) may correspond with a patient profile that a clinician may think is appropriate for anti-TNF treatment (e.g., a young patient with high disease activity, high CRP, and HLA-B27-positive status). In the current study, 37% of patients who had low disease activity according to the BASDAI criterion had high disease activity according to the ASDAS; if BASDAI was used as a strict criterion for determining eligibility for treatment, none of these patients would be eligible for anti-TNF treatment. The use of high ASDAS as a selection criterion instead of elevated BASDAI would increase the number of treatment candidates. Patients selected with elevated ASDAS but not elevated BASDAI had a combination of disease characteristics that are associated with positive outcomes in published studies (represented in green in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–9</span></a> Very few patients had high BASDAI and low ASDAS and would not be selected with the high ASDAS criterion (represented in red in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B); these patients tend to have characteristics that may not be associated with good outcomes. Good selection criteria for treatment in clinical practice would ideally select future responders as treatment candidates, and select against patients who are not likely to respond to treatment.</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Whether selection is based on elevated BASDAI or high ASDAS, a number of patients who would be selected have combined characteristics that are associated with low probability of response. This indicates that the recommendation to use clinical characteristics (in addition to a disease activity criterion) to guide choice of therapy remains important. Predictors of response such as the ones described can be helpful tools to complement the elevated ASDAS criterion for patient selection. In clinical practice, a rheumatologist may wonder whether there is a good reason to use anti-TNF treatment in an older HLA-B27-negative patient who reports poor function and high disease activity, despite absence of objective signs of inflammation (i.e., CRP<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL); this profile corresponds with that of 24/1156 REGISPONSER patients. From a societal perspective, payers may want to evaluate whether it is worth excluding patients with such characteristics to allow treating a group of HLA-B27-positive patients younger than 40 years of age with high disease activity and CRP greater than 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/dL who still have preserved function (this profile corresponds with 23/1156 REGISPONSER patients). Thus, using BASDAI as the only criterion to decide anti-TNF treatment could exclude the latter group to be treated with anti-TNF therapy in many European countries, and this is why expert opinion and clinical judgment based on patient's characteristics and biochemical markers like CRP levels or HLA-B27 status is critical in the decision.</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Compared to selection with BASDAI, more patients are selected for anti-TNF treatment when high ASDAS is used and fewer patients are selected when very high ASDAS is the selection criterion. Because BASDAI and BASFI are highly correlated, selection with high BASDAI automatically leads to a selection of patients who fall in the higher categories for BASFI. Replacing BASDAI with ASDAS leads to an increase of the proportion of patients in the lower BASFI category, which is associated with better response. The advantageous CRP profile (higher CRP is associated with better response) that is seen for a population with very high ASDAS is largely offset by the disadvantageous BASFI profile (higher BASFI is associated with worse response). The data show that patients with very high ASDAS also have a higher likelihood of enthesitis, which is associated with slightly worse outcomes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> In addition to leading to a more favorable CRP and BASFI profile, selection with high and very high ASDAS also results in a younger population, even though age is not an explicit component of the ASDAS. Because younger patients tend to respond better, this finding is relevant for patient selection in practice. The overall decrease in number of patients who can be treated and the profile of patients no longer selected if BASDAI is replaced by very high ASDAS indicates that the latter selection criterion may not be an improvement over the former. However, replacing BASDAI with high ASDAS may need to be considered for future recommendations. In fact, in a recent study, a small group of patients with high ASDAS and normal BASDAI (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>48) have shown to respond to anti-TNF therapy,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> and these patients would have been excluded from anti-TNF therapy if high BASDAI would have been used as strict selection criterion.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitation of the study is its cross-sectional design with no follow-up, which precludes validating the findings of the study by assessing the response to anti-TNF therapy in groups of patients with the abovementioned characteristics. We did not get specific information on individual components of BASDAI and ASAS indexes; thus, we cannot display BASDAI and ASAS component-per-component values to check which items contribute to the discordance in the high ASAS/low BASDAI group. Another limitation is that some 15% of patients were already treated with anti-TNF agents, and this may have had an influence on BASDAI and ASDAS as well as some of the relevant disease characteristics (e.g. CRP and BASFI). It is difficult to say how this has an influence on the results. Although higher ASDAS has been associated with better outcomes,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> it is important to emphasize that the database did not allow confirmation of whether the response was indeed higher in patients selected with ASDAS versus BASDAI. Because the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment in patients with high ASDAS and BASDAI less than 4 has never been studied, except in a small group of patients,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> it is not certain whether the favorable disease characteristic profile described here is also related to better outcomes in that patient group. Further investigation on the response to anti-TNF in a larger population with high ASDAS/low BASDAI is needed.</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, in this cross-sectional study, selection of AS patients with the ASDAS instrument results in patient sub-populations that have different characteristics than those selected with the BASDAI instrument. Since some of these characteristics have been associated with good outcome to anti-TNF therapy, the hypothesis generated through this research is that replacing the disease activity measure in anti-TNF treatment recommendations from BASDAI to ASDAS may lead to better outcomes of therapy. This hypothesis should be tested in prospective studies.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Ethical responsibilities</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Protection of people and animals</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this investigation.</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Data confidentiality</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data and that all the patients included in the study have received sufficient information and have given their informed consent in writing to participate in that study.</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and/or subjects mentioned in the article. The author for correspondence is in possession of this document.</p></span></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Funding statement</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">REGISPONSER was funded by an unrestricted grant by the Spanish Foundation of Rheumatology (FER) thanks to the financial collaboration of Abbott, Schering-Plough, and Wyeth. The funding for the analysis reported here was provided by Merck.</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Contributors</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All authors participated in the analysis and interpretation of data and manuscript preparation and approved the final manuscript for submission.</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflict of interest statement</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nathan Vastesaeger is employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span> """ "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:15 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres348923" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Objective" 2 => "Methods" 3 => "Results" 4 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec330616" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres348924" "titulo" => array:5 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Objetivo" 2 => "Métodos" 3 => "Resultados" 4 => "Conclusiones" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec330617" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Methods" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Disease activity instruments" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Characteristics associated with treatment outcome" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Patient population" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Analysis" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Results" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Ethical responsibilities" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Protection of people and animals" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Data confidentiality" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Funding statement" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Contributors" ] 12 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest statement" ] 13 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack85926" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 14 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2013-07-22" "fechaAceptado" => "2013-12-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec330616" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Ankylosing spondylitis" 1 => "Disease activity" 2 => "Patient selection" 3 => "REGISPONSER" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec330617" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Espondilitis anquilosante" 1 => "Actividad de la enfermedad" 2 => "Selección de pacientes" 3 => "REGISPONSER" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To investigate which of the 2 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) disease activity instruments identifies better those patients with characteristics that have been associated with positive response to anti-TNF therapy.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Data from patients with AS in the REGISPONSER registry were analyzed. Patients were categorized by disease activity using 3 different selection criteria: elevated Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index criteria (BASDAI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4), high Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.1), or very high ASDAS (ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.5). To determine which criterion selects for patients most likely to respond to anti-TNF therapy, the groups of patients selected with each criterion were compared on five disease characteristics that are associated with good response to anti-TNF therapy: lower age, lower function score, less enthesitis, higher C-reactive protein (CRP), and HLA-B27-positive status.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">50.9%, 66.3%, and 24.9% of 1156 patients had elevated BASDAI, high ASDAS, or very high ASDAS, respectively. Compared to patients selected with elevated BASDAI, more patients selected with high ASDAS had characteristics associated with good response to anti-TNF therapy. Patients with very high ASDAS had higher CRP and were younger, but more frequently had enthesitis and had higher function scores when compared to those with elevated BASDAI.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Selection of AS patients with the ASDAS instrument results in patient sub-populations with different characteristics than those selected with the BASDAI instrument. Since some of these characteristics have been associated with response to anti-TNF therapy, further study should establish if the choice of selection instrument improves the outcome of therapy in the selected populations.</p>" ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Investigar cual de 2 instrumentos actividad de la enfermedad para espondilitis anquilosante (EA) identifica mejor a los pacientes con las características que se han asociado con una respuesta positiva a la terapia anti-TNF.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Métodos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron los datos de los pacientes con EA del registro REGISPONSER. Los pacientes fueron clasificados de acuerdo a la actividad de la enfermedad utilizando 3 criterios diferentes de selección: criterios de espondilitis anquilosante, Índice de Actividad de la Enfermedad elevado (BASDAI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4), puntuación alta de Actividad de la Enfermedad (ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2,1) o ASDAS muy elevado (ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3,5). Para determinar qué criterio seleccionaba a pacientes con más probabilidades de responder a terapia anti-TNF, se compararon cinco características de la enfermedad que se asocian con una buena respuesta a la terapia anti-TNF en los grupos de pacientes seleccionados con cada criterio: edad menor, calificación de la función, menorentesitis, mayor nivel de proteína C-reactiva (PCR), y la presencia de HLA-B27 positivo.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">50,9%, 66,3% y 24,9% de los 1.156 pacientes tenían BASDAI elevado, ASDAS alto, o muy altos, respectivamente. En comparación con los pacientes con BASDAI elevado seleccionados, más pacientes seleccionados con ASDAS altos tenían características asociadas con una buena respuesta a la terapia anti-TNF. Los pacientes con ASDAS altos tenía PCR más elevada y eran más jóvenes, pero con mayor frecuencia tenían entesitis y calificaciones de función más altos en comparación con aquellos con niveles elevados de BASDAI.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La selección de los pacientes mediante los resultados del instrumento ASDASresulta en sub-poblaciones de pacientes con características diferentes a las seleccionadas con el instrumento BASDAI. Dado que algunas de estas características se han asociado con la respuesta a la terapia anti-TNF, se requiere de mayor estudio para establecer si la elección del instrumento de selección mejora el resultado del tratamiento en las poblaciones seleccionadas.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2312 "Ancho" => 3095 "Tamanyo" => 902481 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Matrix representation of characteristics of patients selected with each criterion. Net numeric increase (green) or decrease (red) within each of the various subpopulations when the measure of disease activity used to select patients changes from elevated Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) to (A) Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) very high disease activity and (B) ASDAS high disease activity. Size of each of the 72 subpopulations, relative to the total population selected with the following disease activity measure: (C) very high ASDAS, (D) elevated BASDAI, and (E) high ASDAS. BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functionality Index; CRP, C-reactive protein.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BASDAI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BASDAI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 (elevated activity) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(A)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">142 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">142 (12.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1.3 (moderate activity) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">426 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">588 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1014 (87.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">568 (49.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">588 (50.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1156 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(B)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">358 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">390 (33.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.1 (high activity) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">210 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">556 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">766 (66.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">568 (49.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">588 (50.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1156 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">(C)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">552 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">316 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">868 (75.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.5 (very high activity) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">272 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">288 (24.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">568 (49.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">588 (50.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1156 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab520513.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Two-by-two cross-tabulations of disease activity state as determined by the BASDAI criterion for elevated disease activity versus ASDAS criteria for moderate (A), high (B), and very high disease activity (C).</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">All patients (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1156) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients with high disease activity, as determined by each selection criterion</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2.1 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>766) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">ASDAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3.5 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>288) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">BASDAI<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>588) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">≤</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">40 years</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24.0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">23.1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HLA-B27-positive</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">84.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85.1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83.5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Never had enthesitis</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">65.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">61.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">58.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BASFI</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19.8% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4.5–6.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><4.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">46.6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37.1% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">CRP (mg/dL)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11.6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.6–2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">54.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">41.5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><0.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53.2% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37.6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.9% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">45.6% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab520514.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Percentage of patients who had each characteristic that has been associated with positive anti-TNF treatment outcomes, by patient groups selected with ASDAS or BASDAI criteria.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:16 [ 0 => array:3 [ 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Hsu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/ard.2010.147744" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "70" "paginaInicial" => "973" "paginaFinal" => "981" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402563" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy and safety of golimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R.D. Inman" 1 => "J.C. Davis Jr." 2 => "D. van der Heijde" 3 => "L. Diekman" 4 => "J. Sieper" 5 => "S.I. 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Fernández-Sueiro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "1309" "paginaFinal" => "1315" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Selecting patients with ankylosing spondylitis for TNF inhibitor therapy: comparison of ASDAS and BASDAI eligibility criteria" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K.M. Fagerli" 1 => "E. Lie" 2 => "D. van der Heijde" 3 => "M.S. Heiberg" 4 => "C. Kaufmann" 5 => "E. Rødevand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "1479" "paginaFinal" => "1483" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack85926" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors thank all the REGISPONSER patients and investigators. The authors thank all the REGISPONSER patients and investigators. Ellen Stoltzfus, PhD, JK Associates, Inc., Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA, provided editorial support in the preparation of this manuscript. This support was funded by <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">Merck</span>. We thank Luis Cea-Calvo, MD, from Medical Affairs, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Spain, for comments to the final version of the manuscript.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735743/0000001000000004/v1_201406280041/S217357431400104X/v1_201406280041/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "17338" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original Article" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000001000000004/v1_201406280041/S217357431400104X/v1_201406280041/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S217357431400104X?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2024 October | 105 | 38 | 143 |
| 2024 September | 141 | 36 | 177 |
| 2024 August | 145 | 43 | 188 |
| 2024 July | 149 | 41 | 190 |
| 2024 June | 157 | 41 | 198 |
| 2024 May | 159 | 43 | 202 |
| 2024 April | 127 | 35 | 162 |
| 2024 March | 140 | 40 | 180 |
| 2024 February | 217 | 24 | 241 |
| 2024 January | 264 | 25 | 289 |
| 2023 December | 149 | 34 | 183 |
| 2023 November | 123 | 29 | 152 |
| 2023 October | 143 | 36 | 179 |
| 2023 September | 127 | 40 | 167 |
| 2023 August | 65 | 13 | 78 |
| 2023 July | 84 | 29 | 113 |
| 2023 June | 61 | 40 | 101 |
| 2023 May | 67 | 20 | 87 |
| 2023 April | 52 | 9 | 61 |
| 2023 March | 94 | 24 | 118 |
| 2023 February | 89 | 27 | 116 |
| 2023 January | 55 | 17 | 72 |
| 2022 December | 96 | 58 | 154 |
| 2022 November | 116 | 28 | 144 |
| 2022 October | 118 | 32 | 150 |
| 2022 September | 89 | 27 | 116 |
| 2022 August | 117 | 47 | 164 |
| 2022 July | 152 | 37 | 189 |
| 2022 June | 78 | 34 | 112 |
| 2022 May | 119 | 51 | 170 |
| 2022 April | 182 | 40 | 222 |
| 2022 March | 206 | 50 | 256 |
| 2022 February | 353 | 17 | 370 |
| 2022 January | 260 | 36 | 296 |
| 2021 December | 242 | 41 | 283 |
| 2021 November | 194 | 45 | 239 |
| 2021 October | 220 | 49 | 269 |
| 2021 September | 128 | 48 | 176 |
| 2021 August | 113 | 39 | 152 |
| 2021 July | 120 | 31 | 151 |
| 2021 June | 54 | 48 | 102 |
| 2021 May | 81 | 53 | 134 |
| 2021 April | 88 | 65 | 153 |
| 2021 March | 87 | 21 | 108 |
| 2021 February | 112 | 31 | 143 |
| 2021 January | 89 | 24 | 113 |
| 2020 December | 69 | 25 | 94 |
| 2020 November | 61 | 24 | 85 |
| 2020 October | 39 | 14 | 53 |
| 2020 September | 53 | 27 | 80 |
| 2020 August | 41 | 19 | 60 |
| 2020 July | 39 | 17 | 56 |
| 2020 June | 48 | 18 | 66 |
| 2020 May | 75 | 26 | 101 |
| 2020 April | 175 | 22 | 197 |
| 2020 March | 54 | 9 | 63 |
| 2020 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 1 | 6 |
| 2018 April | 66 | 17 | 83 |
| 2018 March | 68 | 16 | 84 |
| 2018 February | 41 | 11 | 52 |
| 2018 January | 32 | 7 | 39 |
| 2017 December | 41 | 10 | 51 |
| 2017 November | 36 | 33 | 69 |
| 2017 October | 45 | 32 | 77 |
| 2017 September | 36 | 26 | 62 |
| 2017 August | 41 | 26 | 67 |
| 2017 July | 41 | 26 | 67 |
| 2017 June | 43 | 40 | 83 |
| 2017 May | 58 | 30 | 88 |
| 2017 April | 34 | 35 | 69 |
| 2017 March | 35 | 50 | 85 |
| 2017 February | 35 | 22 | 57 |
| 2017 January | 28 | 28 | 56 |
| 2016 December | 58 | 22 | 80 |
| 2016 November | 52 | 21 | 73 |
| 2016 October | 68 | 29 | 97 |
| 2016 September | 86 | 18 | 104 |
| 2016 August | 92 | 20 | 112 |
| 2016 July | 64 | 39 | 103 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2016 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 September | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 August | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| 2015 July | 25 | 8 | 33 |
| 2015 June | 48 | 8 | 56 |
| 2015 May | 69 | 10 | 79 |
| 2015 April | 55 | 13 | 68 |
| 2015 March | 47 | 15 | 62 |
| 2015 February | 79 | 8 | 87 |
| 2015 January | 65 | 22 | 87 |
| 2014 December | 78 | 9 | 87 |
| 2014 November | 45 | 15 | 60 |
| 2014 October | 30 | 11 | 41 |
| 2014 September | 35 | 18 | 53 |
| 2014 August | 22 | 20 | 42 |
| 2014 July | 36 | 19 | 55 |
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