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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historically&#44; the spondyloarthritis &#40;SpA&#41; group has encompassed different entities&#44; the most representative of which is ankylosing spondylitis&#46; Other entities within this group include psoriatic arthritis&#44; SpA associated with inflammatory intestinal disease&#44; reactive arthritis and undifferentiated SpA&#46; However&#44; the traditional concept of SpA is changing&#46; At present SpA tends to be spoken of as a global disease and when patients are grouped together this is done according to the predominant symptoms&#44; into axial or peripheral SpA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the changing concept of SpA diseases&#44; the outcomes of multiple studies undertaken in the last few decades has also generated an enormous advance in this field&#46; Of these&#44; the ability to make a early diagnosis of the disease using the application of new imaging techniques stands out&#44; together with new classification criteria&#44; the development of tools for monitoring disease activity and its consequences more appropriately&#44; and also the use of new effective therapies to relieve the signs and symptoms of the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of these advances have led to new terms&#44; abbreviations or acronyms in the field of SpA&#46; At present&#44; the nomenclature used to define these new concepts in the English-speaking world is uniformly established and accepted&#46; In contrast&#44; this has not yet occurred in the Spanish-speaking world&#46; The existing variability in the Spanish language is highly notable&#46; For example&#44; there is not even an agreed term or abbreviation to name the disease and up to 3 different forms of abbreviating the disease may be found in the same journal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a> Also&#44; as there is no general consensus&#44; we have to add the existing discrepancies between the different geographical Spanish-speaking regions&#44; as it is fairly common for the same word to have completely different meanings in one country to another&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This lack of consensus and standardisation has negative consequences in our field&#46; On the one hand&#44; it leads to misunderstandings between physicians and patients and even between the physicians themselves&#46; On the other the fact there is no uniformly accepted nomenclature means that whenever any type of document is developed&#44; such as recommendations&#44; clinical practice guidelines or consensus documents&#44; a great deal of time and resources is spent disputing which terms&#44; abbreviations or acronyms to use&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spanish is the second most widely spoken language in the world by the number of people who speak it as their maternal language&#44; after Mandarin Chinese&#46; There are 437 million native speakers and 477 million people speak it as their first and second language with native mastery&#44; so it may therefore be considered the third language world-wide for total number of speakers&#46; Spanish is mainly spoken in Spain and Hispanic America&#44; but it is also spoken in the Philippines&#44; Equatorial Guinea&#44; Western Sahara and by immigrants in many countries&#44; notably in the United States&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to this lack of consensus and uniformity in the use of terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms&#44; and given the discrepancy between different regions&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society</span> &#40;ASAS&#41; group designed this project aimed at standardising &#40;in a consensual manner&#41; the nomenclature in the field of the SpA&#44; thus generating a framework document in which the terminology&#44; abbreviations and acronyms recommended for use in this group of diseases were summarised&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a qualitative project&#44; based on Delphi methodology promoted by the ASAS&#46; The project was approved by the executive committee of the ASAS in October 2015&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Panel of experts</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A panel of experts in SpA was selected&#44; comprising &#40;1&#41; all the members of the ASAS who were native Spanish speakers&#44; and resident in Spanish-speaking countries&#44; along with other members of the ASAS&#44; who were also native Spanish speakers&#44; who worked in countries which were not Spanish speaking&#59; &#40;2&#41; the members of the Group committee for the study of Spondyloarthritis from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology &#40;GRESSER for its initials in Spanish&#41;&#46; Two methodologists and one documentalist also collaborated&#44; and guidance was given by 2 linguists from the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de Espa&#241;a &#40;RANM&#41;&#46; The opinion of patients from the Spanish Coordinator of Spondylitis Associations &#40;CEADE&#41; was also provided&#46; In total&#44; the work group comprised 29 participants from 5 different countries &#40;one from Argentina&#44; one from Chile&#44; 2 from Colombia&#44; 22 from Spain and 3 from Mexico&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Review of the literature and other related documents</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Firstly a review was made of the scope of the literature &#40;following a similar pattern to that used in a systematic review&#44; but without quality assessment&#41; which covered the last 15 years to identify the terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms in Spanish used in SpA &#40;diseases&#44; subgroups&#44; symptoms and signs&#44; associated manifestations&#44; assessment variables&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#46; To do so a search was made in the different databases such as Pubmed or Embase&#46; The terms used in Pubmed as MeSH terms were the following&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spondylitis&#8221;&#44; &#8220;spondylarthritis&#8221;&#44; &#8220;spondylarthropathies&#8221;&#44; &#8220;arthritis psoriatic&#8221;&#44; &#8220;arthritis reactive&#8221;</span> and &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spondylitis&#44; ankylosing&#8221;</span>&#59; as text&#44; works in free text were&#58; &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;a&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis axial&#8221; OR &#8220;espondilitis anquilopoy&#233;tica&#8221; OR &#8220;espondilitis anquilosante&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis anquilosante&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; OR &#8220;pre-radiol&#243;gica&#8221; OR &#8220;pre-radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis axial pre-radiol&#243;gica&#47;pre-radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; OR &#8220;artritis reactiva&#8221; OR &#8220;artritis asociada a las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales&#8221; OR &#8220;artritis psori&#225;sica&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis perif&#233;rica&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis indiferenciadas&#8221; OR &#8220;espondilitis anquilosante de inicio juvenil&#8221; OR &#8220;Reiter&#8221; &#40;using clinical queries&#44; and free text limited to the Spanish language&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Embase&#44; the terms used were&#58; spond&#36;&#44; &#8220;psoriasis&#8221; AND &#8220;arthritic&#8221; &#8220;psoriatic&#8221; AND &#8220;arthritis&#8221; &#8220;psoriasis&#8221; AND &#8220;arthritis&#8221; &#8220;psoriatic arthritis&#8221;&#47;exp OR &#8220;psoriatic arthritis&#8221; limited by country of publication&#58; Spain&#44; Argentina&#44; Colombia&#44; Chile&#44; Mexico&#44; Bolivia&#44; Costa Rica&#44; Cuba&#44; Ecuador&#44; El Salvador&#44; Guatemala&#44; Equatorial Guinea&#44; Honduras&#44; Nicaragua&#44; Panama&#44; Paraguay&#44; Peru&#44; Dominican Republic&#44; Uruguay&#44; Venezuela&#46; Searches were also made in different scientific societies or organisations such as the Spanish Society of Rheumatology &#40;SER&#41; or the Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology &#40;PANLAR&#41;&#46; The International Classification of Diseases &#40;ICD&#41; was also reviewed and the International Classification of Functioning &#40;ICF&#41;&#44; as were other related documents&#44; such as the Panhispanic Dictionary of Medical Terms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Nomenclature development</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After review of the literature&#44; the objectives&#44; scope&#44; users and sections of the document were established&#44; together with a list of the terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms found in the Spanish language&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Delphi &#40;3 rounds&#41; and nominal group meeting</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the first Delphi round&#44; the panel of experts were sent the list with the different options identified in the review of the literature to translate each term&#44; abbreviation or acronym into Spanish&#46; So as not to influence any option&#44; when referencing any term&#44; abbreviation or acronym&#44; the version in English was provided&#44; with all the different options for translating into Spanish&#46; Regarding terms and abbreviations&#44; each of the participants marked the ones they considered pertinent &#40;responding yes&#47;no and being able to select more than one option&#41; so that they were initially taken into consideration and they could also suggest other options they considered suitable&#46; For the acronyms&#44; each participant specified if they considered it should be translated or not&#46; Later&#44; those items where at least 50&#37; of the participants had shown they would consider them suitable and also newly suggested items&#44; were selected&#46; The final list included the following sections&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">i&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 75 proposals to translate 7 terms and 7 abbreviations to refer to the disease or its classification&#58; &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#44; axial spondyloarthritis&#44; non-radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; peripheral spondyloarthritis&#44; ankylosing spondylitis&#44; radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; psoriatic arthritis&#44; SpA&#44; axSpA&#44; nr-axSpA&#44; pSpA&#44; AS&#44; r-SpA&#44; PsA&#8221;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">ii&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 14 proposals to translate 6 terms and 4 abbreviations relating to manifestations or findings relating to the disease&#58; &#8220;enthesitis&#44; inflammatory back pain&#44; sacroiliitis&#44; magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints&#44; bone marrow oedema&#44; modified New York criteria&#44; IBP&#44; MRI-SIJ&#44; BME&#44; mNY&#8221;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">iii&#46;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 15 acronyms &#8220;ASAS&#44; ASDAS&#44; ASQoL&#44; BASDAI&#44; BASFI&#44; BAS-G&#44; BASMI&#44; BASRI&#44; MASES&#44; MASEI&#44; mSASSS&#44; PsAQoL&#44; PARS&#44; PASI&#44; RASS&#8221; and 7 abbreviations or special terms relating to these acronyms&#58; &#8220;ASAS-HI&#44; ASDAS-CI&#44; ASDAS-MI&#44; ASAS 5&#47;6 improvement criteria&#44; ASASpr&#44; ASAS 20 response criteria and ASAS 40 response criteria&#8221;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At this point the methodologists of the group met up with the RANM linguists to request advice&#46; In sum&#44; it was indicated that the decisions taken by the work group had to be adapted to the Panhispanic Dictionary of medical terms of the RANM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and that they also had to follow the general rules contained in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subsequently a work group meeting was called&#44; which took place in June 2017 in Madrid &#40;Spain&#41;&#46; The results of the first Delphi round were presented at this meeting &#40;the items which met with agreement&#44; the new suggestions and the results of the translations&#41;&#46; Comments and recommendations by the RANM linguists were also shown&#44; as was the information collected in the Panhispanic Dictionary of the RANM relating to the term or abbreviation under discussion&#46; In this meeting&#44; a consensus was reached to translate 20 of the 22 terms or abbreviations and consensual decisions were taken regarding the translation of acronyms and special terms or abbreviations linked to them&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second Delphi round was launched with this information&#46; In this round a vote took place between 3 options&#44; about what the translation should be for 2 abbreviations which were the most controversial <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;nr-axSpA</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pSpA&#41;</span>&#46; A proposal was also included to translate the extended form of the acronyms in section iii and each participant was requested to indicate their level of agreement &#40;LA&#41; with each of the proposals &#40;from 1 to 10&#44; with 1 being &#8220;totally disagree&#8221; and 10 &#8220;totally agree&#8221;&#41;&#46; To accept the proposals&#44; i&#46;e&#46; to establish LA&#44; at least 70&#37; of the participants had to vote for LA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the second round&#44; 3 of the acronyms did not gain a sufficient level of agreement and were therefore reformulated and voted in a third Delphi round&#44; following the same criteria as in the second&#46; After this third round&#44; they all reached the minimum established level of agreement&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; the results of the consensus were presented to experts in the annual ASAS meeting &#40;January 2018&#44; in Lisbon&#41; for final assessment and comments&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Forty six terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms were agreed&#46; All the results are described in detail below&#44; together with a summary of the most relevant information collected from the Panhispanic Dictionary of the RANM for the terms and abbreviations available&#46;</p><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Spondyloarthritis&#44; subgroups and classification</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In total&#44; the translation for 7 terms and 7 abbreviations referring to the disease or its classification were agreed&#58; &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#44; axial spondyloarthritis&#44; non-radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; peripheral spondyloarthritis&#44; ankylosing spondylitis&#44; radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; psoriatic arthritis&#44; SpA&#44; axSpA&#44; nr-axSpA&#44; pSpA&#44; AS&#44; r-SpA&#44; PsA&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Spanish terms and abbreviations are contained in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the word which defines this group of diseases&#44; which is s<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pondyloarthritis</span> in English&#44; it was decided to use the Spanish term &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#8221;&#44; and for its abbreviation to be &#8220;SpA&#8221; &#40;from the English abbreviation <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SpA</span>&#41;&#44; both with a 100&#37; LA&#46; According to the Panhispanic Dictionary of medical terms of the RANM spondyloarthritis refers to inflammation of the intervertebral joints&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> As an observation it should be noted that the dictionary unifies the term &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;a&#8221; but defines it as &#8220;any disease affecting vertebral joints&#44; generally of infectious&#44; autoimmune or degenerative origin&#8221;&#46; Its English translation would be spondyloarthropathy&#46; In this case the panel accepted that the term &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;a&#8221; be used provided the author was referring to the whole group of pathologies&#44; not when he or she was specifically referring to the inflammatory group of diseases&#44; in which case the term to use would be &#8220;espondiloartritis&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The next term assessed was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">axial spondyloarthritis</span>&#44; which in Spanish would be &#8220;espondyloartritis axial&#8221; &#40;LA 100&#37;&#41;&#44; and its abbreviation &#8220;SpAax&#8221; &#40;LA 72&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the English term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ankylosing spondylitis</span>&#44; which is also currently known as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">radiographic spondyloarthritis</span>&#44; it was agreed that the translation should be &#8220;espondilitis anquilosante&#8221; &#40;LA 91&#37;&#41;&#44; and that the abbreviation of what in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AS</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r-SpA</span>&#44; respectively&#44; would be &#8220;EA&#8221; &#40;LA 70&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the review of the literature&#44; numerous synonyms were identified for ankylosing spondylitis&#44; including Bechterew&#39;s disease&#44; Marie-Str&#252;mpell disease&#44; ankylopoietic spondylitis&#44; rheumatoid spondylitis&#44; ankylopoietic spondyloarthritis&#44; ankylosing spondyloarthritis&#44; Bechterew arthritis&#44; spondylitis deformity&#44; rhizomelic spondylitis&#44; rhizomelic spondylosis&#44; morbus Bechterew&#46; Most of these are no longer in use&#44; and the panellists advised against their usage&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was also decided finally to use &#8220;espondiloartritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; for the English term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis</span> &#40;LA 95&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; with its abbreviation &#8220;SpAax-nr&#8221; &#40;LA 72&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; which in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nr-axSpA</span>&#46; It should be noted at this point that the Panhispanic dictionary of the RANM emphasizes that radiographic &#40;from radiography or related therewith&#41; should not be confused with radiologic &#40;from radiology or related therewith&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The panel was totally in agreement with the term radiographic and underlined the importance of using it correctly&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Similarly the term &#8220;espondiloartritis perif&#233;rica&#8221; was defined for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">peripheral spondyloarthritis</span> &#40;LA 100&#37;&#41;&#44; and &#8220;SpAp&#8221; as its abbreviation &#40;LA 72&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; the English equivalent of which is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pSpA</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most voted for term for what in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">psoriatic arthritis</span> was &#8220;artritis psori&#225;sica&#8221; &#40;LA 95&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; and its abbreviation &#8220;APs&#8221; &#40;LA 80&#37;&#41; for the equivalent in English of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PsA</span>&#46; This is the term also recommended by the panhispanic dictionary of the RANM&#44; which also accepts other terms&#44; such as &#8220;artropat&#237;a psori&#225;sica&#8221;&#44; &#8220;psoriasis artr&#237;tica&#8221; and &#8220;psoriasis artrop&#225;tica&#8221;&#44; although this committee of experts advised against their usage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Terms and abbreviations relating to manifestations or findings specific to the disease</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The translation of 6 terms and 4 abbreviations were agreed&#58; &#8220;enthesitis&#44; inflammatory back pain&#44; sacroiliitis&#44; magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints&#44; bone marrow oedema&#44; modified New York criteria&#44; IBP&#44; MRI-SIJ&#44; BME&#44; mNY&#8221;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> contains a summary of the translation for these terms and abbreviations recommended by the committee of experts&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The panel unanimously agreed to use the term &#8220;entesitis&#8221;&#44; which corresponds to the English term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">enthesitis&#46;</span> According to the Panhispanic dictionary of the RANM&#44; enthesitis is the inflammation of one or more entheses&#46; The dictionary also states that it is frequently used in a lax manner as if it were a synonym for enthesopathy &#40;a term without sufficient level of agreement to be considered&#44; and which defines other types of diseases&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The panel wishes also to point out that often erroneous terms like &#8220;entensitis&#8221; are cited&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The term &#8220;sacroilitis&#8221; was accepted with a LA of 80&#46;9&#37; to refer to the inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints&#46; It is of note that the Panhispanic dictionary of the RANM specifies that the term &#8220;sacroile&#237;tis&#8221; is incorrect&#44; because the term stems from &#8220;sacrum&#8221;&#44; &#8220;ilium&#8221; and itis &#40;inflammation&#41;&#46; Regarding &#8220;sacroilitis&#8221; or &#8220;sacroiliitis&#8221;&#44; both forms are accepted in the RAMN&#44; but the form recommended by the RANM is sacroilitis &#40;with a single &#8220;i&#8221;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the following terms there were no problems with consensual acceptance because they are well established and it was only necessary to vote on the abbreviation&#46; Thus&#44; &#8220;DLI&#8221; was defined for &#8220;dolor lumbar inflamatorio&#8221; &#40;LA 95&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; in English <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inflammatory back pain &#40;IBP&#41;</span>&#44; &#8220;RM-SI&#8221; for &#8220;resonancia magn&#233;tica de articulaciones sacroil&#237;acas&#8221; &#40;LA 90&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; which in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints &#40;MRI-SI&#41;</span>&#44; &#8220;EMO&#8221; to refer to the term of &#8220;edema de m&#233;dula &#243;sea&#8221; &#40;LA 86&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; in English <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bone marrow oedema &#40;BME&#41;</span>&#44; and &#8220;NYm&#8221; for &#8220;criterios de Nueva York modificados&#8221; &#40;LA 77&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modified New York criteria &#40;mNY&#41;</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Acronyms</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since they were already highly established&#44; it was decided not to translate any of the 15 acronyms&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ASAS&#44; ASDAS&#44; ASQoL&#44; BASDAI&#44; BASFI&#44; BAS-G&#44; BASMI&#44; BASRI&#44; MASES&#44; MASEI&#44; mSASSS&#44; PsAQoL&#44; PARS&#44; PASI&#44; RASS</span>&#46; However&#44; when referring to them in any Spanish context&#44; it was agreed to do so in the following way&#58; &#40;a&#41; the type of variable in Spanish &#40;e&#46;g&#46; activity score&#41;&#59; &#40;b&#41; acronym in English &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; ASDAS&#41;&#44; and &#40;c&#41; extended form in English &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score</span>&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> contains the agreed form for each one of these acronyms&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; it was accepted that the special abbreviations o terms relating to these acronyms which usually go in front or behind them should be translated&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ASAS-HI&#44; ASDAS-CI&#44; ASDAS-MI&#44; ASAS 5&#47;6 improvement criteria&#44; ASASpr&#44; ASAS 20 response criteria and ASAS 40 response criteria&#8221;</span>&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>B presents the specific translation of each of these terms or abbreviations&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Through development of this consensus&#44; standardisation of the nomenclature in Spanish for the terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the field of SpA&#44; was to be made&#44; thus avoiding the negative impact from lack of uniformity currently existing in this regard&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical language does not seek aesthetic&#44; creative&#44; fun or recreational ends &#8211; as may be the case in literary language &#8211; it is informative&#44; didactic and communicative&#46; For this reason the 3 main traits of scientific language in general&#44; and of medical redaction in particular&#44; are veracity&#44; precision and clarity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> With these premises in mind&#44; the ASAS group promoted this document&#44; aimed at standardising the language in the field of the SpA for the Spanish speaking community&#46; The idea was to reduce the great variability found when referring to this group of disease in the Spanish language&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;8&#8211;13</span></a> It is of note that in this work rheumatologists from 5 difference nationalities participated&#44; from 2 continents&#44; all of them native Spanish speakers and experts in SpA&#44; who had advice given them by the 2 linguists from the RANM&#44; and who followed the rules and suggestions of the latter&#46; Also to be highlighted is the high LA reached in all decisions&#44; especially once the RNNM linguists&#8217; recommendations had been commented upon&#44; which increased the validity of that discussed&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to terminology&#44; from the beginning there was considerable agreement in adopting the concepts currently handled in the international community as spondyloarthritis and also to rule out some previous ones such as &#8220;espondiloartritis seronegativa&#8221; or &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;as&#8221;&#46; This equally applied to the terms &#8220;axial&#8221; and &#8220;perif&#233;rica&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One point where further discussion arose and one of the first decisions where recommendations from the linguists were more important&#44; was the reference to the abbreviations and use of the script&#46; Although a ruling of this type does not exist in the Real Academia Espa&#241;ola &#40;RAE&#41; in general its use was not recommended unless we were referring to independent aspects and for this reason we decided to apply it only to &#8220;espondiloartritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; &#40;SpAax-nr&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; regarding acronyms&#44; it was considered that they were already highly established in regular practice&#44; and it was mostly decided not to translate the acronym nor its extended form but to translate the type of variable it referred to&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the limitations of this study&#44; on the one hand it is important to state that this was a qualitative study&#44; in which a limited group of professionals decided on the different terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms&#46; However&#44; as already described&#44; guidance was provided by linguists who were experts in medical terminology&#44; the recommendations from the RANM were followed and a high level of agreement was reached&#44; even between rheumatologists from different countries&#46; On the other hand&#44; we started from the nomenclature base used in English&#44; but in the case of the SpA this is the internationally accepted language&#44; which to a large extent is also based on Latin medical roots&#44; the result of which in many cases were minimal adaptations into Spanish&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once consensus had been reached&#44; the work group began to work on dissemination and implementation&#46; Dissemination is to be aided by contacting national rheumatology societies in the countries where Spanish is the native or official language for presenting them with the consensus&#46; Also&#44; as part of this implementation&#44; progressively the Spanish version of the ASAS slides will be adapted&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To conclude&#44; with this standardisation of nomenclature in the field of SpA the panel of experts considered that this greatly clarified the language and therefore would avoid errors and misunderstandings&#46; We recommend that they be used and serve as a guide not only for communicating results in journals or scientific events&#44; but also in regular clinical practice when recording the diagnostics and results of these patients in electronic medical histories&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Funding</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This project had financing from the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">GRESSER</span> group&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the authors have no conflicts of interest to declare in conducting this project&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To develop a consensus to standardise the use of Spanish terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms in the field of spondyloarthritis &#40;SpA&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An international task force comprising all native Spanish-speaking Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society &#40;ASAS&#41; members&#44; the executive committee of Grupo para el estudio de la Espondiloartritis de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a &#40;GRESSER&#41;&#44; two methodologists&#44; two linguists from the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de Espa&#241;a &#40;RANM&#41; and two patients from the Spanish Coordinator of Spondylitis Associations &#40;CEADE&#41; was established&#46; A literature review was performed to identify the conflicting terms&#47;abbreviations&#47;acronyms in SpA&#46; This review examined written sources in Spanish including manuscripts&#44; ICF and ICD&#44; guidelines&#44; recommendations and consensuses&#46; This was followed by a nominal group meeting and a three-round Delphi&#46; The recommendations from the RANM based on the Panhispanic dictionary were followed throughout the process&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Consensus was reached for 46 terms&#44; abbreviations or acronyms related to the field of SpA&#46; A Spanish translation was accepted for 6 terms and 6 abbreviations to name or classify the disease&#44; and for 6 terms and 4 abbreviations related to SpA&#46; It was agreed not to translate 15 acronyms into Spanish&#46; However&#44; when mentioning them&#44; it was recommended to follow this structure&#58; type of acronym in Spanish and acronym and expanded form in English&#46; With regard to 7 terms or abbreviations attached to acronyms&#44; it was agreed to translate only the expanded form and a translation was also selected for each of them&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Through this standardisation&#44; it is expected to establish a common use of the Spanish nomenclature for SpA&#46; The implementation of this consensus across the community will be of substantial benefit&#44; avoiding misunderstandings and time-consuming processes&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Desarrollar un documento de consenso para estandarizar los t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos en espa&#241;ol empleados en el campo de las espondiloartritis &#40;EspA&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se cre&#243; un grupo de trabajo internacional compuesto por todos los miembros de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society</span> &#40;ASAS&#41; nativos de habla espa&#241;ola&#44; miembros del comit&#233; ejecutivo del Grupo para el estudio de la Espondiloartritis de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a &#40;GRESSER&#41;&#44; 2 metod&#243;logos&#44; 2 ling&#252;istas de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de Espa&#241;a &#40;RANM&#41; y 2 pacientes de la Coordinadora Espa&#241;ola de Asociaciones de Espondilitis &#40;CEADE&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; una revisi&#243;n de la literatura de los &#250;ltimos 15 a&#241;os &#40;publicaciones&#44; el CIE y CIF&#44; gu&#237;as&#44; consensos y recomendaciones&#41; para identificar los t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos discrepantes&#46; Mediante un Delphi de 3 rondas y una reuni&#243;n presencial&#44; se discutieron&#44; seleccionaron y acordaron los t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos a utilizar&#46; Durante todo este proceso se siguieron las recomendaciones de la RANM basadas en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diccionario panhisp&#225;nico de t&#233;rminos m&#233;dicos</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se consensuaron 46 t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos&#46; Se acept&#243; la traducci&#243;n al espa&#241;ol para 6 t&#233;rminos y 6 abreviaturas empleados para nombrar o clasificar la enfermedad y para 6 t&#233;rminos y 4 abreviaturas relacionados con las EspA&#46; Se acord&#243; no traducir 15 acr&#243;nimos por estar ya establecidos&#44; pero al mencionarlos&#44; se recomend&#243; seguir esta estructura&#58; tipo de acr&#243;nimo en espa&#241;ol y acr&#243;nimo y forma extensa en ingl&#233;s&#46; Con respecto a 7 t&#233;rminos o abreviaturas asociados a acr&#243;nimos&#44; se acord&#243; traducir solo la forma extensa y se consensu&#243; una traducci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Con esta estandarizaci&#243;n del lenguaje de las EspA se pretende establecer un uso com&#250;n de la nomenclatura en espa&#241;ol para las EspA&#46; Su implementaci&#243;n ser&#225; muy beneficiosa&#44; evitando malentendidos y consumo de recursos&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Navarro-Comp&#225;n V&#44; Ot&#243;n T&#44; Loza E&#44; Almod&#243;var R&#44; Ariza-Ariza R&#44; Bautista-Molano W&#44; et al&#46; Consenso ASAS en nomenclatura en espa&#241;ol para las espondiloartritis&#46; Reumatol Clin&#46; 2020&#59;16&#58;333&#8211;338&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NSAID&#58; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&#59; DNA&#58; ADN&#44; deoxyribonucleic acid&#59; DMARD&#58; disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug&#59; RANM&#58; Spanish Royal National Academy of Medicine&#59; SF&#58; short form&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#35;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Comment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Medical language is fluctuating and changes in keeping with new scientific advances&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Unless terms are incorrect either due to their etymological meaning or orthographic error&#44; specific words may not be imposed&#44; but their use instead of others may be recommended&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">There are no established norms for medical abbreviations&#44; nor are they recognised in the Panhispanic dictionary&#44; but with few exceptions&#44; the hyphen is not used &#40;it is used if the 2 words have different meanings&#41; and they are abbreviated in the manner in which we read in Spanish&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">There are no established forms for the use of upper or lower case when abbreviating &#40;there is a tendency for the use of upper case in English&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The translation of acronyms&#47;initials is not recommended if they are already established in everyday practice&#44; e&#46;g&#46; DNA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The plural of acronyms&#47;initials is not graphically marked with &#8220;s&#8221;&#44; although it is correct to pronounce it in the oral language&#44; for example&#44; DMARD or NSAID&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alphanumerical initials may be written with or without a hyphen&#44; for example SF-36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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      1 => array:8 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#35;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">English term &#40;abbreviation&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Spanish term&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Abbreviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spondyloarthritis &#40;SpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Axial spondyloarthritis &#40;axSpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis axial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpAax&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ankylosing spondylitis &#40;AS&#41;&#44; radiographic spondyloarthritis &#40;r-SpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondilitis anquilosante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis &#40;nr-axSpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpAax-nr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peripheral spondyloarthritis &#40;pSpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis perif&#233;rica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpAp&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Psoriatic arthritis &#40;PsA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Artritis psori&#225;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">APs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inflammatory back pain &#40;IBP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor lumbar inflamatorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DLI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints &#40;MRI-SIJ&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resonancia magn&#233;tica de articulaciones sacroil&#237;acas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RM-SI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bone marrow oedema &#40;BME&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edema de m&#233;dula &#243;sea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modified New York criteria &#40;mNY&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Criterios de Nueva York modificados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NYm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t">Grupo ASAS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de actividad ASDAS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de actividad BASDAI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de calidad de vida ASQoL &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ankylosing Spondylitis&#46; Quality of Life&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de calidad de vida PsAQoL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice ecogr&#225;fico MASEI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de entesitis MASES <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice funcional BASFI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice global BAS-G <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis patient Global score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">94&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice metrol&#243;gico BASMI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de psoriasis PASI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Psoriasis Area and Severity Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice radiogr&#225;fico BASRI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice radiogr&#225;fico mSASSS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice radiogr&#225;fico PARS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Psoriatic Arthritis Ratingen Score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Related terms and abbreviations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de salud ASAS-HI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society-Health Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Criterio de mejor&#237;a ASAS 20 &#40;ASAS 20 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">improvement criteria</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Criterio de mejor&#237;a ASAS 40 &#40;ASAS 40 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">improvement criteria</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Criterio de mejor&#237;a ASAS 5&#47;6 &#40;ASAS 5&#47;6 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">improvement criteria</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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Original Article
Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) consensus on Spanish nomenclature for spondyloarthritis
Consenso ASAS en nomenclatura en español para las espondiloartritis
Victoria Navarro-Compána,
Corresponding author
mvictoria.navarroc@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Teresa Otónb, Estíbaliz Lozab, Raquel Almodóvarc, Rafael Ariza-Arizad, Wilson Bautista-Molanoe, Rubén Burgos-Vargasf, Eduardo Collantes-Estévezg, Eugenio de Miguela, Carlos González-Fernándezh, Jordi Gratacósi, Sebastián Ibáñezj, Xavier Juanolak, Jose Maldonado-Coccol, Anna Moltóm, Juan Muleron, Cesar Pacheco-Tenao, Cesar Ramos-Remusp, Jesús Sanz-Sanzn, Rafael Valle-Oñateq..., Pedro Zarcoc, Helena Marzo-OrtegarVer más
a Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
b Instituto de Salud Musculoesquelética, Madrid, Spain
c Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
d Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
e Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, Colombia
f Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
g Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, IMIBIC, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
h Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
i Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí de Sabadell, I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
j Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago de Chile, Chile
k Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
l Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
m Hôpital Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris-INSERM (U1153): Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
n Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
o Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
p Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Cronicodegenerativas, Mexico City, Mexico
q Clínica Colombiana de Reumatología-Salud Reinun, Colombia
r NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust and Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historically&#44; the spondyloarthritis &#40;SpA&#41; group has encompassed different entities&#44; the most representative of which is ankylosing spondylitis&#46; Other entities within this group include psoriatic arthritis&#44; SpA associated with inflammatory intestinal disease&#44; reactive arthritis and undifferentiated SpA&#46; However&#44; the traditional concept of SpA is changing&#46; At present SpA tends to be spoken of as a global disease and when patients are grouped together this is done according to the predominant symptoms&#44; into axial or peripheral SpA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition to the changing concept of SpA diseases&#44; the outcomes of multiple studies undertaken in the last few decades has also generated an enormous advance in this field&#46; Of these&#44; the ability to make a early diagnosis of the disease using the application of new imaging techniques stands out&#44; together with new classification criteria&#44; the development of tools for monitoring disease activity and its consequences more appropriately&#44; and also the use of new effective therapies to relieve the signs and symptoms of the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All of these advances have led to new terms&#44; abbreviations or acronyms in the field of SpA&#46; At present&#44; the nomenclature used to define these new concepts in the English-speaking world is uniformly established and accepted&#46; In contrast&#44; this has not yet occurred in the Spanish-speaking world&#46; The existing variability in the Spanish language is highly notable&#46; For example&#44; there is not even an agreed term or abbreviation to name the disease and up to 3 different forms of abbreviating the disease may be found in the same journal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;4</span></a> Also&#44; as there is no general consensus&#44; we have to add the existing discrepancies between the different geographical Spanish-speaking regions&#44; as it is fairly common for the same word to have completely different meanings in one country to another&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This lack of consensus and standardisation has negative consequences in our field&#46; On the one hand&#44; it leads to misunderstandings between physicians and patients and even between the physicians themselves&#46; On the other the fact there is no uniformly accepted nomenclature means that whenever any type of document is developed&#44; such as recommendations&#44; clinical practice guidelines or consensus documents&#44; a great deal of time and resources is spent disputing which terms&#44; abbreviations or acronyms to use&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Spanish is the second most widely spoken language in the world by the number of people who speak it as their maternal language&#44; after Mandarin Chinese&#46; There are 437 million native speakers and 477 million people speak it as their first and second language with native mastery&#44; so it may therefore be considered the third language world-wide for total number of speakers&#46; Spanish is mainly spoken in Spain and Hispanic America&#44; but it is also spoken in the Philippines&#44; Equatorial Guinea&#44; Western Sahara and by immigrants in many countries&#44; notably in the United States&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to this lack of consensus and uniformity in the use of terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms&#44; and given the discrepancy between different regions&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society</span> &#40;ASAS&#41; group designed this project aimed at standardising &#40;in a consensual manner&#41; the nomenclature in the field of the SpA&#44; thus generating a framework document in which the terminology&#44; abbreviations and acronyms recommended for use in this group of diseases were summarised&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a qualitative project&#44; based on Delphi methodology promoted by the ASAS&#46; The project was approved by the executive committee of the ASAS in October 2015&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Panel of experts</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A panel of experts in SpA was selected&#44; comprising &#40;1&#41; all the members of the ASAS who were native Spanish speakers&#44; and resident in Spanish-speaking countries&#44; along with other members of the ASAS&#44; who were also native Spanish speakers&#44; who worked in countries which were not Spanish speaking&#59; &#40;2&#41; the members of the Group committee for the study of Spondyloarthritis from the Spanish Society of Rheumatology &#40;GRESSER for its initials in Spanish&#41;&#46; Two methodologists and one documentalist also collaborated&#44; and guidance was given by 2 linguists from the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de Espa&#241;a &#40;RANM&#41;&#46; The opinion of patients from the Spanish Coordinator of Spondylitis Associations &#40;CEADE&#41; was also provided&#46; In total&#44; the work group comprised 29 participants from 5 different countries &#40;one from Argentina&#44; one from Chile&#44; 2 from Colombia&#44; 22 from Spain and 3 from Mexico&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Review of the literature and other related documents</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Firstly a review was made of the scope of the literature &#40;following a similar pattern to that used in a systematic review&#44; but without quality assessment&#41; which covered the last 15 years to identify the terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms in Spanish used in SpA &#40;diseases&#44; subgroups&#44; symptoms and signs&#44; associated manifestations&#44; assessment variables&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#46; To do so a search was made in the different databases such as Pubmed or Embase&#46; The terms used in Pubmed as MeSH terms were the following&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spondylitis&#8221;&#44; &#8220;spondylarthritis&#8221;&#44; &#8220;spondylarthropathies&#8221;&#44; &#8220;arthritis psoriatic&#8221;&#44; &#8220;arthritis reactive&#8221;</span> and &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">spondylitis&#44; ankylosing&#8221;</span>&#59; as text&#44; works in free text were&#58; &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;a&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis axial&#8221; OR &#8220;espondilitis anquilopoy&#233;tica&#8221; OR &#8220;espondilitis anquilosante&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis anquilosante&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; OR &#8220;pre-radiol&#243;gica&#8221; OR &#8220;pre-radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis axial pre-radiol&#243;gica&#47;pre-radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; OR &#8220;artritis reactiva&#8221; OR &#8220;artritis asociada a las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales&#8221; OR &#8220;artritis psori&#225;sica&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis perif&#233;rica&#8221; OR &#8220;spondyloarthritis indiferenciadas&#8221; OR &#8220;espondilitis anquilosante de inicio juvenil&#8221; OR &#8220;Reiter&#8221; &#40;using clinical queries&#44; and free text limited to the Spanish language&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Embase&#44; the terms used were&#58; spond&#36;&#44; &#8220;psoriasis&#8221; AND &#8220;arthritic&#8221; &#8220;psoriatic&#8221; AND &#8220;arthritis&#8221; &#8220;psoriasis&#8221; AND &#8220;arthritis&#8221; &#8220;psoriatic arthritis&#8221;&#47;exp OR &#8220;psoriatic arthritis&#8221; limited by country of publication&#58; Spain&#44; Argentina&#44; Colombia&#44; Chile&#44; Mexico&#44; Bolivia&#44; Costa Rica&#44; Cuba&#44; Ecuador&#44; El Salvador&#44; Guatemala&#44; Equatorial Guinea&#44; Honduras&#44; Nicaragua&#44; Panama&#44; Paraguay&#44; Peru&#44; Dominican Republic&#44; Uruguay&#44; Venezuela&#46; Searches were also made in different scientific societies or organisations such as the Spanish Society of Rheumatology &#40;SER&#41; or the Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology &#40;PANLAR&#41;&#46; The International Classification of Diseases &#40;ICD&#41; was also reviewed and the International Classification of Functioning &#40;ICF&#41;&#44; as were other related documents&#44; such as the Panhispanic Dictionary of Medical Terms&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Nomenclature development</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After review of the literature&#44; the objectives&#44; scope&#44; users and sections of the document were established&#44; together with a list of the terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms found in the Spanish language&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Delphi &#40;3 rounds&#41; and nominal group meeting</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the first Delphi round&#44; the panel of experts were sent the list with the different options identified in the review of the literature to translate each term&#44; abbreviation or acronym into Spanish&#46; So as not to influence any option&#44; when referencing any term&#44; abbreviation or acronym&#44; the version in English was provided&#44; with all the different options for translating into Spanish&#46; Regarding terms and abbreviations&#44; each of the participants marked the ones they considered pertinent &#40;responding yes&#47;no and being able to select more than one option&#41; so that they were initially taken into consideration and they could also suggest other options they considered suitable&#46; For the acronyms&#44; each participant specified if they considered it should be translated or not&#46; Later&#44; those items where at least 50&#37; of the participants had shown they would consider them suitable and also newly suggested items&#44; were selected&#46; The final list included the following sections&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">i&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 75 proposals to translate 7 terms and 7 abbreviations to refer to the disease or its classification&#58; &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#44; axial spondyloarthritis&#44; non-radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; peripheral spondyloarthritis&#44; ankylosing spondylitis&#44; radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; psoriatic arthritis&#44; SpA&#44; axSpA&#44; nr-axSpA&#44; pSpA&#44; AS&#44; r-SpA&#44; PsA&#8221;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">ii&#46;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 14 proposals to translate 6 terms and 4 abbreviations relating to manifestations or findings relating to the disease&#58; &#8220;enthesitis&#44; inflammatory back pain&#44; sacroiliitis&#44; magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints&#44; bone marrow oedema&#44; modified New York criteria&#44; IBP&#44; MRI-SIJ&#44; BME&#44; mNY&#8221;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">iii&#46;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 15 acronyms &#8220;ASAS&#44; ASDAS&#44; ASQoL&#44; BASDAI&#44; BASFI&#44; BAS-G&#44; BASMI&#44; BASRI&#44; MASES&#44; MASEI&#44; mSASSS&#44; PsAQoL&#44; PARS&#44; PASI&#44; RASS&#8221; and 7 abbreviations or special terms relating to these acronyms&#58; &#8220;ASAS-HI&#44; ASDAS-CI&#44; ASDAS-MI&#44; ASAS 5&#47;6 improvement criteria&#44; ASASpr&#44; ASAS 20 response criteria and ASAS 40 response criteria&#8221;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At this point the methodologists of the group met up with the RANM linguists to request advice&#46; In sum&#44; it was indicated that the decisions taken by the work group had to be adapted to the Panhispanic Dictionary of medical terms of the RANM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and that they also had to follow the general rules contained in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subsequently a work group meeting was called&#44; which took place in June 2017 in Madrid &#40;Spain&#41;&#46; The results of the first Delphi round were presented at this meeting &#40;the items which met with agreement&#44; the new suggestions and the results of the translations&#41;&#46; Comments and recommendations by the RANM linguists were also shown&#44; as was the information collected in the Panhispanic Dictionary of the RANM relating to the term or abbreviation under discussion&#46; In this meeting&#44; a consensus was reached to translate 20 of the 22 terms or abbreviations and consensual decisions were taken regarding the translation of acronyms and special terms or abbreviations linked to them&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The second Delphi round was launched with this information&#46; In this round a vote took place between 3 options&#44; about what the translation should be for 2 abbreviations which were the most controversial <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;nr-axSpA</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pSpA&#41;</span>&#46; A proposal was also included to translate the extended form of the acronyms in section iii and each participant was requested to indicate their level of agreement &#40;LA&#41; with each of the proposals &#40;from 1 to 10&#44; with 1 being &#8220;totally disagree&#8221; and 10 &#8220;totally agree&#8221;&#41;&#46; To accept the proposals&#44; i&#46;e&#46; to establish LA&#44; at least 70&#37; of the participants had to vote for LA<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the second round&#44; 3 of the acronyms did not gain a sufficient level of agreement and were therefore reformulated and voted in a third Delphi round&#44; following the same criteria as in the second&#46; After this third round&#44; they all reached the minimum established level of agreement&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; the results of the consensus were presented to experts in the annual ASAS meeting &#40;January 2018&#44; in Lisbon&#41; for final assessment and comments&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Results</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Forty six terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms were agreed&#46; All the results are described in detail below&#44; together with a summary of the most relevant information collected from the Panhispanic Dictionary of the RANM for the terms and abbreviations available&#46;</p><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Spondyloarthritis&#44; subgroups and classification</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In total&#44; the translation for 7 terms and 7 abbreviations referring to the disease or its classification were agreed&#58; &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#44; axial spondyloarthritis&#44; non-radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; peripheral spondyloarthritis&#44; ankylosing spondylitis&#44; radiographic spondyloarthritis&#44; psoriatic arthritis&#44; SpA&#44; axSpA&#44; nr-axSpA&#44; pSpA&#44; AS&#44; r-SpA&#44; PsA&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Spanish terms and abbreviations are contained in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the word which defines this group of diseases&#44; which is s<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pondyloarthritis</span> in English&#44; it was decided to use the Spanish term &#8220;spondyloarthritis&#8221;&#44; and for its abbreviation to be &#8220;SpA&#8221; &#40;from the English abbreviation <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SpA</span>&#41;&#44; both with a 100&#37; LA&#46; According to the Panhispanic Dictionary of medical terms of the RANM spondyloarthritis refers to inflammation of the intervertebral joints&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> As an observation it should be noted that the dictionary unifies the term &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;a&#8221; but defines it as &#8220;any disease affecting vertebral joints&#44; generally of infectious&#44; autoimmune or degenerative origin&#8221;&#46; Its English translation would be spondyloarthropathy&#46; In this case the panel accepted that the term &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;a&#8221; be used provided the author was referring to the whole group of pathologies&#44; not when he or she was specifically referring to the inflammatory group of diseases&#44; in which case the term to use would be &#8220;espondiloartritis&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The next term assessed was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">axial spondyloarthritis</span>&#44; which in Spanish would be &#8220;espondyloartritis axial&#8221; &#40;LA 100&#37;&#41;&#44; and its abbreviation &#8220;SpAax&#8221; &#40;LA 72&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the English term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ankylosing spondylitis</span>&#44; which is also currently known as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">radiographic spondyloarthritis</span>&#44; it was agreed that the translation should be &#8220;espondilitis anquilosante&#8221; &#40;LA 91&#37;&#41;&#44; and that the abbreviation of what in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">AS</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r-SpA</span>&#44; respectively&#44; would be &#8220;EA&#8221; &#40;LA 70&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the review of the literature&#44; numerous synonyms were identified for ankylosing spondylitis&#44; including Bechterew&#39;s disease&#44; Marie-Str&#252;mpell disease&#44; ankylopoietic spondylitis&#44; rheumatoid spondylitis&#44; ankylopoietic spondyloarthritis&#44; ankylosing spondyloarthritis&#44; Bechterew arthritis&#44; spondylitis deformity&#44; rhizomelic spondylitis&#44; rhizomelic spondylosis&#44; morbus Bechterew&#46; Most of these are no longer in use&#44; and the panellists advised against their usage&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was also decided finally to use &#8220;espondiloartritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; for the English term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis</span> &#40;LA 95&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; with its abbreviation &#8220;SpAax-nr&#8221; &#40;LA 72&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; which in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">nr-axSpA</span>&#46; It should be noted at this point that the Panhispanic dictionary of the RANM emphasizes that radiographic &#40;from radiography or related therewith&#41; should not be confused with radiologic &#40;from radiology or related therewith&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The panel was totally in agreement with the term radiographic and underlined the importance of using it correctly&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Similarly the term &#8220;espondiloartritis perif&#233;rica&#8221; was defined for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">peripheral spondyloarthritis</span> &#40;LA 100&#37;&#41;&#44; and &#8220;SpAp&#8221; as its abbreviation &#40;LA 72&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; the English equivalent of which is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pSpA</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most voted for term for what in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">psoriatic arthritis</span> was &#8220;artritis psori&#225;sica&#8221; &#40;LA 95&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; and its abbreviation &#8220;APs&#8221; &#40;LA 80&#37;&#41; for the equivalent in English of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PsA</span>&#46; This is the term also recommended by the panhispanic dictionary of the RANM&#44; which also accepts other terms&#44; such as &#8220;artropat&#237;a psori&#225;sica&#8221;&#44; &#8220;psoriasis artr&#237;tica&#8221; and &#8220;psoriasis artrop&#225;tica&#8221;&#44; although this committee of experts advised against their usage&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Terms and abbreviations relating to manifestations or findings specific to the disease</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The translation of 6 terms and 4 abbreviations were agreed&#58; &#8220;enthesitis&#44; inflammatory back pain&#44; sacroiliitis&#44; magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints&#44; bone marrow oedema&#44; modified New York criteria&#44; IBP&#44; MRI-SIJ&#44; BME&#44; mNY&#8221;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> contains a summary of the translation for these terms and abbreviations recommended by the committee of experts&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The panel unanimously agreed to use the term &#8220;entesitis&#8221;&#44; which corresponds to the English term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">enthesitis&#46;</span> According to the Panhispanic dictionary of the RANM&#44; enthesitis is the inflammation of one or more entheses&#46; The dictionary also states that it is frequently used in a lax manner as if it were a synonym for enthesopathy &#40;a term without sufficient level of agreement to be considered&#44; and which defines other types of diseases&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The panel wishes also to point out that often erroneous terms like &#8220;entensitis&#8221; are cited&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The term &#8220;sacroilitis&#8221; was accepted with a LA of 80&#46;9&#37; to refer to the inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints&#46; It is of note that the Panhispanic dictionary of the RANM specifies that the term &#8220;sacroile&#237;tis&#8221; is incorrect&#44; because the term stems from &#8220;sacrum&#8221;&#44; &#8220;ilium&#8221; and itis &#40;inflammation&#41;&#46; Regarding &#8220;sacroilitis&#8221; or &#8220;sacroiliitis&#8221;&#44; both forms are accepted in the RAMN&#44; but the form recommended by the RANM is sacroilitis &#40;with a single &#8220;i&#8221;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the following terms there were no problems with consensual acceptance because they are well established and it was only necessary to vote on the abbreviation&#46; Thus&#44; &#8220;DLI&#8221; was defined for &#8220;dolor lumbar inflamatorio&#8221; &#40;LA 95&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; in English <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">inflammatory back pain &#40;IBP&#41;</span>&#44; &#8220;RM-SI&#8221; for &#8220;resonancia magn&#233;tica de articulaciones sacroil&#237;acas&#8221; &#40;LA 90&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#44; which in English is <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints &#40;MRI-SI&#41;</span>&#44; &#8220;EMO&#8221; to refer to the term of &#8220;edema de m&#233;dula &#243;sea&#8221; &#40;LA 86&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; in English <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">bone marrow oedema &#40;BME&#41;</span>&#44; and &#8220;NYm&#8221; for &#8220;criterios de Nueva York modificados&#8221; &#40;LA 77&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modified New York criteria &#40;mNY&#41;</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Acronyms</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since they were already highly established&#44; it was decided not to translate any of the 15 acronyms&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ASAS&#44; ASDAS&#44; ASQoL&#44; BASDAI&#44; BASFI&#44; BAS-G&#44; BASMI&#44; BASRI&#44; MASES&#44; MASEI&#44; mSASSS&#44; PsAQoL&#44; PARS&#44; PASI&#44; RASS</span>&#46; However&#44; when referring to them in any Spanish context&#44; it was agreed to do so in the following way&#58; &#40;a&#41; the type of variable in Spanish &#40;e&#46;g&#46; activity score&#41;&#59; &#40;b&#41; acronym in English &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; ASDAS&#41;&#44; and &#40;c&#41; extended form in English &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score</span>&#41;&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>A <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a> contains the agreed form for each one of these acronyms&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; it was accepted that the special abbreviations o terms relating to these acronyms which usually go in front or behind them should be translated&#58; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ASAS-HI&#44; ASDAS-CI&#44; ASDAS-MI&#44; ASAS 5&#47;6 improvement criteria&#44; ASASpr&#44; ASAS 20 response criteria and ASAS 40 response criteria&#8221;</span>&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>B presents the specific translation of each of these terms or abbreviations&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Through development of this consensus&#44; standardisation of the nomenclature in Spanish for the terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the field of SpA&#44; was to be made&#44; thus avoiding the negative impact from lack of uniformity currently existing in this regard&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Medical language does not seek aesthetic&#44; creative&#44; fun or recreational ends &#8211; as may be the case in literary language &#8211; it is informative&#44; didactic and communicative&#46; For this reason the 3 main traits of scientific language in general&#44; and of medical redaction in particular&#44; are veracity&#44; precision and clarity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> With these premises in mind&#44; the ASAS group promoted this document&#44; aimed at standardising the language in the field of the SpA for the Spanish speaking community&#46; The idea was to reduce the great variability found when referring to this group of disease in the Spanish language&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;8&#8211;13</span></a> It is of note that in this work rheumatologists from 5 difference nationalities participated&#44; from 2 continents&#44; all of them native Spanish speakers and experts in SpA&#44; who had advice given them by the 2 linguists from the RANM&#44; and who followed the rules and suggestions of the latter&#46; Also to be highlighted is the high LA reached in all decisions&#44; especially once the RNNM linguists&#8217; recommendations had been commented upon&#44; which increased the validity of that discussed&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to terminology&#44; from the beginning there was considerable agreement in adopting the concepts currently handled in the international community as spondyloarthritis and also to rule out some previous ones such as &#8220;espondiloartritis seronegativa&#8221; or &#8220;espondiloartropat&#237;as&#8221;&#46; This equally applied to the terms &#8220;axial&#8221; and &#8220;perif&#233;rica&#8221;&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One point where further discussion arose and one of the first decisions where recommendations from the linguists were more important&#44; was the reference to the abbreviations and use of the script&#46; Although a ruling of this type does not exist in the Real Academia Espa&#241;ola &#40;RAE&#41; in general its use was not recommended unless we were referring to independent aspects and for this reason we decided to apply it only to &#8220;espondiloartritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&#8221; &#40;SpAax-nr&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Finally&#44; regarding acronyms&#44; it was considered that they were already highly established in regular practice&#44; and it was mostly decided not to translate the acronym nor its extended form but to translate the type of variable it referred to&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With regard to the limitations of this study&#44; on the one hand it is important to state that this was a qualitative study&#44; in which a limited group of professionals decided on the different terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms&#46; However&#44; as already described&#44; guidance was provided by linguists who were experts in medical terminology&#44; the recommendations from the RANM were followed and a high level of agreement was reached&#44; even between rheumatologists from different countries&#46; On the other hand&#44; we started from the nomenclature base used in English&#44; but in the case of the SpA this is the internationally accepted language&#44; which to a large extent is also based on Latin medical roots&#44; the result of which in many cases were minimal adaptations into Spanish&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once consensus had been reached&#44; the work group began to work on dissemination and implementation&#46; Dissemination is to be aided by contacting national rheumatology societies in the countries where Spanish is the native or official language for presenting them with the consensus&#46; Also&#44; as part of this implementation&#44; progressively the Spanish version of the ASAS slides will be adapted&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To conclude&#44; with this standardisation of nomenclature in the field of SpA the panel of experts considered that this greatly clarified the language and therefore would avoid errors and misunderstandings&#46; We recommend that they be used and serve as a guide not only for communicating results in journals or scientific events&#44; but also in regular clinical practice when recording the diagnostics and results of these patients in electronic medical histories&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Funding</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This project had financing from the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">GRESSER</span> group&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the authors have no conflicts of interest to declare in conducting this project&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To develop a consensus to standardise the use of Spanish terms&#44; abbreviations and acronyms in the field of spondyloarthritis &#40;SpA&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An international task force comprising all native Spanish-speaking Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society &#40;ASAS&#41; members&#44; the executive committee of Grupo para el estudio de la Espondiloartritis de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a &#40;GRESSER&#41;&#44; two methodologists&#44; two linguists from the Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de Espa&#241;a &#40;RANM&#41; and two patients from the Spanish Coordinator of Spondylitis Associations &#40;CEADE&#41; was established&#46; A literature review was performed to identify the conflicting terms&#47;abbreviations&#47;acronyms in SpA&#46; This review examined written sources in Spanish including manuscripts&#44; ICF and ICD&#44; guidelines&#44; recommendations and consensuses&#46; This was followed by a nominal group meeting and a three-round Delphi&#46; The recommendations from the RANM based on the Panhispanic dictionary were followed throughout the process&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Consensus was reached for 46 terms&#44; abbreviations or acronyms related to the field of SpA&#46; A Spanish translation was accepted for 6 terms and 6 abbreviations to name or classify the disease&#44; and for 6 terms and 4 abbreviations related to SpA&#46; It was agreed not to translate 15 acronyms into Spanish&#46; However&#44; when mentioning them&#44; it was recommended to follow this structure&#58; type of acronym in Spanish and acronym and expanded form in English&#46; With regard to 7 terms or abbreviations attached to acronyms&#44; it was agreed to translate only the expanded form and a translation was also selected for each of them&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Through this standardisation&#44; it is expected to establish a common use of the Spanish nomenclature for SpA&#46; The implementation of this consensus across the community will be of substantial benefit&#44; avoiding misunderstandings and time-consuming processes&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Desarrollar un documento de consenso para estandarizar los t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos en espa&#241;ol empleados en el campo de las espondiloartritis &#40;EspA&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se cre&#243; un grupo de trabajo internacional compuesto por todos los miembros de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society</span> &#40;ASAS&#41; nativos de habla espa&#241;ola&#44; miembros del comit&#233; ejecutivo del Grupo para el estudio de la Espondiloartritis de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a &#40;GRESSER&#41;&#44; 2 metod&#243;logos&#44; 2 ling&#252;istas de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina de Espa&#241;a &#40;RANM&#41; y 2 pacientes de la Coordinadora Espa&#241;ola de Asociaciones de Espondilitis &#40;CEADE&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; una revisi&#243;n de la literatura de los &#250;ltimos 15 a&#241;os &#40;publicaciones&#44; el CIE y CIF&#44; gu&#237;as&#44; consensos y recomendaciones&#41; para identificar los t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos discrepantes&#46; Mediante un Delphi de 3 rondas y una reuni&#243;n presencial&#44; se discutieron&#44; seleccionaron y acordaron los t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos a utilizar&#46; Durante todo este proceso se siguieron las recomendaciones de la RANM basadas en el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diccionario panhisp&#225;nico de t&#233;rminos m&#233;dicos</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se consensuaron 46 t&#233;rminos&#44; abreviaturas y acr&#243;nimos&#46; Se acept&#243; la traducci&#243;n al espa&#241;ol para 6 t&#233;rminos y 6 abreviaturas empleados para nombrar o clasificar la enfermedad y para 6 t&#233;rminos y 4 abreviaturas relacionados con las EspA&#46; Se acord&#243; no traducir 15 acr&#243;nimos por estar ya establecidos&#44; pero al mencionarlos&#44; se recomend&#243; seguir esta estructura&#58; tipo de acr&#243;nimo en espa&#241;ol y acr&#243;nimo y forma extensa en ingl&#233;s&#46; Con respecto a 7 t&#233;rminos o abreviaturas asociados a acr&#243;nimos&#44; se acord&#243; traducir solo la forma extensa y se consensu&#243; una traducci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Con esta estandarizaci&#243;n del lenguaje de las EspA se pretende establecer un uso com&#250;n de la nomenclatura en espa&#241;ol para las EspA&#46; Su implementaci&#243;n ser&#225; muy beneficiosa&#44; evitando malentendidos y consumo de recursos&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Navarro-Comp&#225;n V&#44; Ot&#243;n T&#44; Loza E&#44; Almod&#243;var R&#44; Ariza-Ariza R&#44; Bautista-Molano W&#44; et al&#46; Consenso ASAS en nomenclatura en espa&#241;ol para las espondiloartritis&#46; Reumatol Clin&#46; 2020&#59;16&#58;333&#8211;338&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">NSAID&#58; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&#59; DNA&#58; ADN&#44; deoxyribonucleic acid&#59; DMARD&#58; disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug&#59; RANM&#58; Spanish Royal National Academy of Medicine&#59; SF&#58; short form&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#35;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Comment&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Medical language is fluctuating and changes in keeping with new scientific advances&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Unless terms are incorrect either due to their etymological meaning or orthographic error&#44; specific words may not be imposed&#44; but their use instead of others may be recommended&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">There are no established norms for medical abbreviations&#44; nor are they recognised in the Panhispanic dictionary&#44; but with few exceptions&#44; the hyphen is not used &#40;it is used if the 2 words have different meanings&#41; and they are abbreviated in the manner in which we read in Spanish&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">There are no established forms for the use of upper or lower case when abbreviating &#40;there is a tendency for the use of upper case in English&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The translation of acronyms&#47;initials is not recommended if they are already established in everyday practice&#44; e&#46;g&#46; DNA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">The plural of acronyms&#47;initials is not graphically marked with &#8220;s&#8221;&#44; although it is correct to pronounce it in the oral language&#44; for example&#44; DMARD or NSAID&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alphanumerical initials may be written with or without a hyphen&#44; for example SF-36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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      1 => array:8 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#35;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">English term &#40;abbreviation&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Spanish term&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Abbreviation&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Spondyloarthritis &#40;SpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Axial spondyloarthritis &#40;axSpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis axial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpAax&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ankylosing spondylitis &#40;AS&#41;&#44; radiographic spondyloarthritis &#40;r-SpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondilitis anquilosante&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Non radiographic axial spondyloarthritis &#40;nr-axSpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis axial no radiogr&#225;fica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpAax-nr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Peripheral spondyloarthritis &#40;pSpA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Espondiloartritis perif&#233;rica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SpAp&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Psoriatic arthritis &#40;PsA&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Artritis psori&#225;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">APs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Inflammatory back pain &#40;IBP&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dolor lumbar inflamatorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DLI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Magnetic resonance imaging of the sacroiliac joints &#40;MRI-SIJ&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Resonancia magn&#233;tica de articulaciones sacroil&#237;acas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RM-SI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bone marrow oedema &#40;BME&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edema de m&#233;dula &#243;sea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EMO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Modified New York criteria &#40;mNY&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Criterios de Nueva York modificados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NYm&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t">Grupo ASAS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de actividad ASDAS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de actividad BASDAI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de calidad de vida ASQoL &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ankylosing Spondylitis&#46; Quality of Life&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de calidad de vida PsAQoL <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice ecogr&#225;fico MASEI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de entesitis MASES <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice funcional BASFI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice global BAS-G <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis patient Global score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">94&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice metrol&#243;gico BASMI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de psoriasis PASI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Psoriasis Area and Severity Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice radiogr&#225;fico BASRI &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice radiogr&#225;fico mSASSS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice radiogr&#225;fico PARS <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Psoriatic Arthritis Ratingen Score&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Related terms and abbreviations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#205;ndice de salud ASAS-HI <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society-Health Index&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">94&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Criterio de mejor&#237;a ASAS 20 &#40;ASAS 20 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">improvement criteria</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Criterio de mejor&#237;a ASAS 40 &#40;ASAS 40 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">improvement criteria</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Criterio de mejor&#237;a ASAS 5&#47;6 &#40;ASAS 5&#47;6 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">improvement criteria</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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Article information
ISSN: 21735743
Original language: English
DOI:10.1016/j.reumae.2018.07.009
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