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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cogan&#39;s syndrome &#40;CS&#41; is an uncommon autoimmune systemic disease classically described as a triad of nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis&#44; audiovestibular symptoms resembling Meniere&#39;s disease&#44; and an interval between ophthalmologic and auditory manifestations of less than 2 years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and it usually affects young Caucasian adults with no gender-specific prevalence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; cases with atypical and systemic manifestations&#44; including large-vessel vasculitis&#44; and affecting children and older patients have also been reported&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> expanding the clinical spectrum of this rare disease&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Herein&#44; we present the case of a late-onset CS associated with a large-vessel vasculitis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Caucasian 82 year-old woman&#44; with a history of gluten intolerance&#44; osteoporotic hip fracture under treatment with risedronate and vitamin D&#44; and bilateral dacryocystitis and cataracts&#44; attended our outpatient clinic remitted from the department of Ophthalmology of our hospital to evaluate joint pain&#46; She presented recurrent episodes of bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis &#40;PUK&#41; with corneal thinning for three years&#46; A year after the onset of ocular complaints&#44; she progressively developed a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with impaired word discrimination and dizziness over months&#46; Likewise&#44; she related recurrent episodes of erythema nodosum on the legs&#44; oral ulcers&#44; low-grade fever and arthralgia of ankles&#44; knees and wrists accompanying the episodes of keratitis&#46; On physical examination&#44; the patient had oral ulcers and arthritis of left wrist and right knee&#46; Slit-lamp examination showed ciliary hyperemia&#44; PUK and corneal thinning &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; with no other relevant findings&#46; The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute phase reactants showed a mild elevation &#40;erythrocyte sedimentation rate 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#91;normal values 0&#8211;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#93;&#44; C reactive protein 2&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#91;normal values 0&#8211;0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#93;&#41;&#46; Additional laboratory tests&#44; including complete blood count&#44; urinalysis&#44; serum electrolytes&#44; creatinine&#44; liver transaminases&#44; angiotensin converting enzyme&#44; HLA-B5&#44; antinuclear antibodies&#44; rheumatoid factor&#44; anti-citrullinated protein antibodies&#44; antiphospholipid antibodies&#44; antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-heat shock protein 70 antibodies&#44; were negative&#46; Infectious workup for Mycobacterium tuberculosis&#44; Treponema pallidum&#44; Chlamydia&#44; Borrelia burfdorferi&#44; hepatitis B and C viruses&#44; and human immunodeficiency virus was also negative&#46; Plain radiographies of chest&#44; hands&#44; feet&#44; and knees&#44; brain magnetic resonance and transthoracic echocardiography showed no relevant findings&#46; Finally&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-fluoro-desoxyglucose &#40;FDG&#41; positron emission tomography &#40;PET&#41;&#47;computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; showed an increased metabolic activity of thoracic aorta and subclavian arteries &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; with a maximum standardized uptake value of 2&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;mL and 2&#46;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;mL&#44; respectively&#46; The patient was diagnosed with atypical CS based on the presence of ophthalmologic&#44; audiovestibular and systemic symptoms&#44; and an interval between the onset of ophthalmologic and audiovestibular manifestations of less than 2 years&#44; although it has to be acknowledged that hearing loss could be also attributed to degenerative changes as a result of aging&#46; Due to the high risk for the development of glucocorticoid-induced toxicity in this patient&#44; low-dose prednisone &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per day&#41; and subcutaneous methotrexate &#40;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per week&#41;&#44; as a steroid-sparing therapy&#44; were prescribed with resolution of systemic manifestations and a mild improvement of keratitis&#46; Hearing loss remained unchanged&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of CS is based on the characteristic ophthalmologic and audiovestibular manifestations&#44; after exclusion of infectious and other immune-mediated diseases &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; tuberculosis&#44; syphilis&#44; sarcoidosis&#44; Takayasu disease or granulomatosis with polyangiitis&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and criteria proposed by Haynes et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> can be helpful&#46; This fact&#44; along with the uncommonness of the entity&#44; the absence of appropriate diagnostic tools and non-specific clinical manifestations at disease onset&#44; often delay the diagnosis of CS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Therefore&#44; a high clinical suspicion is essential to consider CS in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptoms of ocular and&#47;or audiovestibular inflammation&#46; As shown in the case described above&#44; temporal aggregation of symptoms is a diagnostic clue&#46; Additionally&#44; the clinical spectrum of CS has expanded along the years with the description of new systemic or atypical manifestations&#44; or cases of children or older patients&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> adding complexity to the diagnostic process&#46; The previously described case&#44; affecting an old woman with florid systemic expression&#44; would be an illustrative example of the expanded clinical spectrum of CS&#46; Within the associated systemic manifestations&#44; it is worth remark the presence of vasculitis&#44; which is considered by some authors as the underlying pathological mechanism responsible for this syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The role of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>FDG-PET&#47;CT to evaluate underlying vasculitis in CS patients is still under investigation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> even though it unveiled aortitis in our patient&#44; a finding that reaffirmed us in our initial clinical suspicion&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main reason to establish an early diagnosis of CS is to initiate an early therapy in order to prevent irreversible damage of eye and ear&#44; and systemic complications&#46; Classically&#44; glucocorticoids have been considered as the first-line therapy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and immunosuppressant agents&#44; such as methotrexate&#44; azathioprine&#44; cyclophosphamide&#44; cyclosporine or tacrolimus&#44; are prescribed in steroid-resistant CS or due to unacceptable side effects of glucocorticoids&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Novel biological therapies&#44; e&#46;g&#46;&#44; etanercept&#44; infliximab&#44; rituximab and tocilizumab&#44; have been tried in CS patients&#44; with promising results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> However&#44; no conclusive therapeutic recommendations can be stated&#44; since the rarity of CS precludes any attempt to perform randomized clinical trials&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CS is a rare autoimmune disease that combines ophthalmologic and audiovestibular manifestations&#44; frequently developed in a short period of time&#46; A high clinical suspicion has to be taken into account to consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptoms suggestive of ocular or audiovestibular inflammation&#44; even though the clinical picture differs from the classically described&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An early diagnosis is essential to initiate an early treatment in order to prevent damage of eye and ear&#44; and systemic complications&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that no human or animal experiments have been performed for this research&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and&#47;or subjects referred to in the article&#46; This document is in the possession of the correspondence author&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cogan&#39;s syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease that usually affects young Caucasian adults and is classically defined as the combination of nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and audiovestibular symptoms resembling Meniere&#39;s disease&#44; both of them developed in an interval of less than two years&#46; Nevertheless&#44; cases with atypical ophthalmologic and audiovestibular features&#44; with systemic manifestations or affecting children and older patients have also been reported&#44; expanding the clinical spectrum of Cogan&#39;s syndrome&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Herein&#44; we present the case of a late-onset Cogan&#39;s syndrome associated with a large-vessel vasculitis&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Cogan es una enfermedad autoinmune rara&#44; que afecta frecuentemente a pacientes j&#243;venes de raza cauc&#225;sica y que se define cl&#225;sicamente por la combinaci&#243;n de queratitis intersticial no sifil&#237;tica y s&#237;ntomas audiovestibulares similares a una enfermedad de M&#233;ni&#232;re&#44; que se desarrollan en un intervalo de menos de 2 a&#241;os&#46; Sin embargo&#44; se han descrito casos con manifestaciones oftalmol&#243;gicas o audiovestibulares at&#237;picas&#44; con s&#237;ntomas sist&#233;micos o que afectan a ni&#241;os o pacientes ancianos&#44; expandiendo de este modo el espectro cl&#237;nico del s&#237;ndrome de Cogan&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos aqu&#237; el caso de un s&#237;ndrome de Cogan de inicio tard&#237;o asociado con una vasculitis de gran vaso&#46;</p></span>"
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                          "etal" => false
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                          "etal" => false
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                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "B&#46;F&#46; Haynes"
                            1 => "M&#46;I&#46; Kaiser-Kupfer"
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                          ]
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                      "titulo" => "Cogan&#39;s syndrome&#58; an autoimmune inner ear disease"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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Case report
Late-onset Cogan's syndrome associated with large-vessel vasculitis
Síndrome de Cogan de inicio tardío asociado con una vasculitis de gran vaso
Iván Cabezas-Rodrígueza,
Corresponding author
icaro231@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Anahy Brandy-Garcíab, Carlos Rodríguez-Balserac, Paloma Rozas-Reyesc, Belen Fernández-Llanad, Luis Arboleya-Rodríguezb
a Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
b Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
c Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cogan&#39;s syndrome &#40;CS&#41; is an uncommon autoimmune systemic disease classically described as a triad of nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis&#44; audiovestibular symptoms resembling Meniere&#39;s disease&#44; and an interval between ophthalmologic and auditory manifestations of less than 2 years&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and it usually affects young Caucasian adults with no gender-specific prevalence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; cases with atypical and systemic manifestations&#44; including large-vessel vasculitis&#44; and affecting children and older patients have also been reported&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> expanding the clinical spectrum of this rare disease&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Herein&#44; we present the case of a late-onset CS associated with a large-vessel vasculitis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Case report</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A Caucasian 82 year-old woman&#44; with a history of gluten intolerance&#44; osteoporotic hip fracture under treatment with risedronate and vitamin D&#44; and bilateral dacryocystitis and cataracts&#44; attended our outpatient clinic remitted from the department of Ophthalmology of our hospital to evaluate joint pain&#46; She presented recurrent episodes of bilateral peripheral ulcerative keratitis &#40;PUK&#41; with corneal thinning for three years&#46; A year after the onset of ocular complaints&#44; she progressively developed a bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with impaired word discrimination and dizziness over months&#46; Likewise&#44; she related recurrent episodes of erythema nodosum on the legs&#44; oral ulcers&#44; low-grade fever and arthralgia of ankles&#44; knees and wrists accompanying the episodes of keratitis&#46; On physical examination&#44; the patient had oral ulcers and arthritis of left wrist and right knee&#46; Slit-lamp examination showed ciliary hyperemia&#44; PUK and corneal thinning &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; with no other relevant findings&#46; The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Acute phase reactants showed a mild elevation &#40;erythrocyte sedimentation rate 26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#91;normal values 0&#8211;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#93;&#44; C reactive protein 2&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL &#91;normal values 0&#8211;0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dL&#93;&#41;&#46; Additional laboratory tests&#44; including complete blood count&#44; urinalysis&#44; serum electrolytes&#44; creatinine&#44; liver transaminases&#44; angiotensin converting enzyme&#44; HLA-B5&#44; antinuclear antibodies&#44; rheumatoid factor&#44; anti-citrullinated protein antibodies&#44; antiphospholipid antibodies&#44; antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies and anti-heat shock protein 70 antibodies&#44; were negative&#46; Infectious workup for Mycobacterium tuberculosis&#44; Treponema pallidum&#44; Chlamydia&#44; Borrelia burfdorferi&#44; hepatitis B and C viruses&#44; and human immunodeficiency virus was also negative&#46; Plain radiographies of chest&#44; hands&#44; feet&#44; and knees&#44; brain magnetic resonance and transthoracic echocardiography showed no relevant findings&#46; Finally&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-fluoro-desoxyglucose &#40;FDG&#41; positron emission tomography &#40;PET&#41;&#47;computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; showed an increased metabolic activity of thoracic aorta and subclavian arteries &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41; with a maximum standardized uptake value of 2&#46;72<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;mL and 2&#46;80<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;mL&#44; respectively&#46; The patient was diagnosed with atypical CS based on the presence of ophthalmologic&#44; audiovestibular and systemic symptoms&#44; and an interval between the onset of ophthalmologic and audiovestibular manifestations of less than 2 years&#44; although it has to be acknowledged that hearing loss could be also attributed to degenerative changes as a result of aging&#46; Due to the high risk for the development of glucocorticoid-induced toxicity in this patient&#44; low-dose prednisone &#40;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per day&#41; and subcutaneous methotrexate &#40;15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg per week&#41;&#44; as a steroid-sparing therapy&#44; were prescribed with resolution of systemic manifestations and a mild improvement of keratitis&#46; Hearing loss remained unchanged&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis of CS is based on the characteristic ophthalmologic and audiovestibular manifestations&#44; after exclusion of infectious and other immune-mediated diseases &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; tuberculosis&#44; syphilis&#44; sarcoidosis&#44; Takayasu disease or granulomatosis with polyangiitis&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and criteria proposed by Haynes et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> can be helpful&#46; This fact&#44; along with the uncommonness of the entity&#44; the absence of appropriate diagnostic tools and non-specific clinical manifestations at disease onset&#44; often delay the diagnosis of CS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Therefore&#44; a high clinical suspicion is essential to consider CS in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptoms of ocular and&#47;or audiovestibular inflammation&#46; As shown in the case described above&#44; temporal aggregation of symptoms is a diagnostic clue&#46; Additionally&#44; the clinical spectrum of CS has expanded along the years with the description of new systemic or atypical manifestations&#44; or cases of children or older patients&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> adding complexity to the diagnostic process&#46; The previously described case&#44; affecting an old woman with florid systemic expression&#44; would be an illustrative example of the expanded clinical spectrum of CS&#46; Within the associated systemic manifestations&#44; it is worth remark the presence of vasculitis&#44; which is considered by some authors as the underlying pathological mechanism responsible for this syndrome&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The role of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>FDG-PET&#47;CT to evaluate underlying vasculitis in CS patients is still under investigation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> even though it unveiled aortitis in our patient&#44; a finding that reaffirmed us in our initial clinical suspicion&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main reason to establish an early diagnosis of CS is to initiate an early therapy in order to prevent irreversible damage of eye and ear&#44; and systemic complications&#46; Classically&#44; glucocorticoids have been considered as the first-line therapy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and immunosuppressant agents&#44; such as methotrexate&#44; azathioprine&#44; cyclophosphamide&#44; cyclosporine or tacrolimus&#44; are prescribed in steroid-resistant CS or due to unacceptable side effects of glucocorticoids&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Novel biological therapies&#44; e&#46;g&#46;&#44; etanercept&#44; infliximab&#44; rituximab and tocilizumab&#44; have been tried in CS patients&#44; with promising results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> However&#44; no conclusive therapeutic recommendations can be stated&#44; since the rarity of CS precludes any attempt to perform randomized clinical trials&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusion</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CS is a rare autoimmune disease that combines ophthalmologic and audiovestibular manifestations&#44; frequently developed in a short period of time&#46; A high clinical suspicion has to be taken into account to consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptoms suggestive of ocular or audiovestibular inflammation&#44; even though the clinical picture differs from the classically described&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An early diagnosis is essential to initiate an early treatment in order to prevent damage of eye and ear&#44; and systemic complications&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that no human or animal experiments have been performed for this research&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have obtained the informed consent of the patients and&#47;or subjects referred to in the article&#46; This document is in the possession of the correspondence author&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None declared&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cogan&#39;s syndrome is a rare autoimmune disease that usually affects young Caucasian adults and is classically defined as the combination of nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and audiovestibular symptoms resembling Meniere&#39;s disease&#44; both of them developed in an interval of less than two years&#46; Nevertheless&#44; cases with atypical ophthalmologic and audiovestibular features&#44; with systemic manifestations or affecting children and older patients have also been reported&#44; expanding the clinical spectrum of Cogan&#39;s syndrome&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Herein&#44; we present the case of a late-onset Cogan&#39;s syndrome associated with a large-vessel vasculitis&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Cogan es una enfermedad autoinmune rara&#44; que afecta frecuentemente a pacientes j&#243;venes de raza cauc&#225;sica y que se define cl&#225;sicamente por la combinaci&#243;n de queratitis intersticial no sifil&#237;tica y s&#237;ntomas audiovestibulares similares a una enfermedad de M&#233;ni&#232;re&#44; que se desarrollan en un intervalo de menos de 2 a&#241;os&#46; Sin embargo&#44; se han descrito casos con manifestaciones oftalmol&#243;gicas o audiovestibulares at&#237;picas&#44; con s&#237;ntomas sist&#233;micos o que afectan a ni&#241;os o pacientes ancianos&#44; expandiendo de este modo el espectro cl&#237;nico del s&#237;ndrome de Cogan&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Presentamos aqu&#237; el caso de un s&#237;ndrome de Cogan de inicio tard&#237;o asociado con una vasculitis de gran vaso&#46;</p></span>"
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