Evaluation of the educational needs in Argentine patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the SpENAT questionnaire

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"referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "q" "identificador" => "aff0085" ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ana" "apellidos" => "Costi" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "r" "identificador" => "aff0090" ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Mercedes" "apellidos" => "García" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "r" "identificador" => "aff0090" ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Graciela" "apellidos" => "Gomez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "s" "identificador" => "aff0095" ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Hernán" "apellidos" => "Maldonado Ficco" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "t" "identificador" => "aff0100" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital General de Agudos Dr. E. Tornú, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Ricardo Gutiérrez, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de Rehabilitación Manuel Rocca, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Provincial de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Reumatología al Sur, Berazategui, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sanatorio de la Providencia, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Italiano, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "i" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 9 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Clínica Bessone, San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "j" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] 10 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sanatorio Parque S. A., Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "k" "identificador" => "aff0055" ] 11 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sanatorio San Carlos, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "l" "identificador" => "aff0060" ] 12 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Interzonal General De Agudos Dr. José Penna, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "m" "identificador" => "aff0065" ] 13 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Estudios sobre Derecho y Religión, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Salta, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "n" "identificador" => "aff0070" ] 14 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital de Clínicas Pte. Dr. Nicolás Avellaneda, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "o" "identificador" => "aff0075" ] 15 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "p" "identificador" => "aff0080" ] 16 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Pirovano, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "q" "identificador" => "aff0085" ] 17 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital San Martín, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "r" "identificador" => "aff0090" ] 18 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "s" "identificador" => "aff0095" ] 19 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital San Antonio de Padua, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "t" "identificador" => "aff0100" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Evaluación de las necesidades educacionales de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide mediante el cuestionario SpENAT" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 996 "Ancho" => 1579 "Tamanyo" => 94657 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Sources consulted by patient with rheumatoid arthritis (n=488)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of a destructive polyarthritis with major impact on several areas of the patient's life. Despite the huge variety of effective pharmacological treatments currently available, any improvement in the health and quality of life of the patient may depend on their ability and willingness to meet with all treatments prescribed and to carry out self-care activities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">1,2</a> As a result, education is an essential element of treatment, which allows patients to care for themselves, complete everyday activities and take essential decisions from a health-wise viewpoint. If the patient does not receive this information from qualified staff they will try to find it from other sources, with the consequent possibility of it being erroneous and/or incomplete. This in turn can lead to negative reactions, making the treatment process more complex. Education provides many advantages both in clinical terms and socially, and helps the patient to face up to their health problems. It also has a positive influence on the recovery process. For this reason, it is considered an integral part of high quality medical care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">3,4</a>It has been recommended that education focuses on the patient and is adapted to satisfy the need for individual knowledge,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">5</a> because it has been proven that non directed education does not provide long-term effects in patients with RA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">1,6,7</a> For this, it would be useful for doctors to have a tool to assess patients’ perception of educational needs. The Educational Needs Assessment Tool (ENAT)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">8</a> is a self-completion questionnaire which was originally designed in United Kingdom and subsequently validated in several European countries (Spain, Portugal, Germany, Poland, the Low Countries, Finland, Norway and Sweden), leading to the Spanish SpENAT version. It consists of 39 questions grouped into 7 domains: Pain management (6 questions), Movement (5 questions), Feelings (4 questions), Arthritic process (7 questions), Treatments (7 questions), Self-help measures (6 questions) and Support systems (4 questions). Response are based on a Likert type 5-point scale of: “not important at all”, “slightly important”, “quite important”, “very important” and “extremely important”.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">1</a>Up until now educational needs (ENs) in Argentina of patients with RA have not been systematically assessed. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to assess the ENs on the disease in patients with RU using the SpENAT questionnaire, and to determine what the main sources of information consulted by these patients are.Material and methodsA multicentre, observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted. We included consecutive patients≥18 years with a diagnosis of RA (ACR 87 and/or ACR-EULAR 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110">9,10</a>). Other associated collagenopathies (except Sjögren's syndrome) were excluded, as was any difficulty by the patient in reading and understanding the questionnaire. Demographic data, educational level (quantified by years of education), disease characteristics and clinimetric properties (number of painful and swollen joints, visual analogue scale for pain, overall disease assessment by the patient and the physician, disease activity measured by the DAS28 and functional capacity measured through the HAQ-A) were recorded. All patients completed the SpENAT (we obtained the authors’ authorisation for its use) and were asked about the sources they had used to obtain information on their disease.Statistical analysisPopulation traits were described. ENs were determined as percentages of the highest possible score for each domain. Needs for each domain were compared according to sex, age, years of education, disease duration, use of biologics and functional capacity using the ANOVA test and bivariate comparisons were made with the Student's t-test and Bonferroni correction. Correlation between the domains was determined with the Spearman correlation coefficient. We compared patient's age by source of information using the Student's t-test.The study was undertaken in compliance with the regulations stipulated by Law 3301/09 of the Ministry for Health of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires and the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the ethics and educational committees. All patients agreed to participate in the study and gave their informed consent.ResultsWe included 496 patients from 20 centres in Spain. The percentage of women was 89.5% and mean age was 52.2 years (SD 12.7). Clinical characteristics, laboratory data and treatment data are contained in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Analysis of the responses obtained in the SpENAT questionnaire revealed that there were higher ENs in domains Movement, Feelings andArthritic process (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). The women had higher ENs than the men in these same domains (P=.0023, P=.0041 and P=.0437, respectively). Patients who were aged ≥40 had higher ENs in the Treatments domain (P=.0345), and in those with over 7 years of education the highest ENs were in the domains Arthritic process (P=.0407) and Self-help measures (P=.0176). Greater functional impairment (HAQ≥.87) was associated with higher ENs in all domains in a statistically significant manner.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Patients with high levels of disease activity (DAS28>5.1) showed higher ENs than those in remission in the domains Pain management (P=.0115), Movement (P=.0448), Feelings (p=.0355), Treatments (P=.0360) and Support systems (P=.0230), and those patients with low disease activity on domains Self-help measures (P=.0175) and Support systems (P=.0075). Patients with moderate activity showed higher ENs in the Pain management domain compared with patients in remission (P=.0036).No differences were observed in the ENs between early RA (defined by time of evolution under 2years) and established RA, between patients with or without biologics treatment.All the SpENAT domains showed positive correlations to one another (P<.0001), with the most important being Pain management/Movement and Treatments/Arthritic process (r≥.7).Regarding information sources which patients regularly consult (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), the most frequently consulted was the rheumatologist (93.95%), and those who used Internet were on average younger (P=.0004).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionRA affects .2%–1% of the Caucasian population and it has been estimated that in Argentina there are approximately 400,000 people who suffer from the disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">11</a>RA is therefore a major problem in Argentina and must be dealt with by both medical teams and by patients. This is a disease which without proper treatment leads to physical, emotional and social limitations. Diagnosis of RA may arouse different feelings, such as impotence, negation, fear and depression, affecting the quality of life of these patients. As with all chronic disease, education is an essential element of treatment since it improves comprehension, increases adherence to treatment and helps to put self-help strategies into practice. Knowledge is a tool that allows the patient to confront their health problems, heighten self-care, boost decision making and help them cope with the consequences of their disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">12</a>In several studies standardised education was observed to have limited long-term effects, and the concept of an education focused on the ENs of the patient was introduced, which was also called “effective education”. For a tailored education it is essential to determine which aspects of RA are of interest to each individual in particular. Although up until recently no tools were available to systematically assess the ENs in patients with RA, in 2011 the cross-cultural validation of the ENAT was performed in 7 European countries, leading to the SpENAT and providing the only objective and valid tool in Spanish to date.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">1</a>Recently Ndosi et al. studied the effects of education based on patient needs. This was a multicentre, single blind study which compared self-efficacy, knowledge and health status in 2 groups of patients with RA who were educated with and without ENAT application. Although no significant differences were found between the groups regarding knowledge, they did observe that the patients who were informed according to their interests improved in self-sufficiency and health aspects, such as pain, stiffness, sleep, social interaction and psychological status. Moreover, the ENAT domain scores were lower at the end of the study, demonstrating a reduction in ENs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">13</a>Our study was the first to use SpENAT in Argentina and therefore the first to assess the ENs of patients with RA in our country. According to the results obtained, the patients with RA have a greater interest in receiving information about Movement, Feelings andArthritic process. The Movement domain refers to joint protection measures, such as the use of objects which make daily life activities easier, the administration of strength, periods of joint activity and rest, and ways of preventing deformity. Also, in the Feelings section emphasis was placed on stress, mood changes, asthenia and the causes of the feelings of sadness or depression which may accompany disease evolution. Lastly, the Arthritic process encompasses: cause, type of arthritis, genetic transmission, forms of treatment, quality of life, functional limitation and evolution. That stated above proves that the patient with RA requires a holistic approach, with participation from the rheumatologist being essential, together with that of other health specialists such occupational therapists, kinesiology and mental health.Consistent with findings from European studies,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">1,12</a> our study found there were significant differences in the ENs depending on the sex and level of education, with them being higher for women and for people with a higher educational level.It is outstanding that patients with a higher functional impairment and high level of disease activity had greater ENs, but no significant differences were found between early and established RA, demonstrating that it is not duration but level of disability and disease activity which determines interest in finding out more about the disease.Although it was observed that the rheumatologist was the primary source of information for patients with RA, report bias cannot be ignored, since administration of the questionnaire was made in the rheumatology unit.Another possible limitation to the study was the fact that patients’ knowledge prior to the administration of the SpENAT was not measured, since this knowledge could alter individual ENs.One strength of this study was that several centres throughout Argentina, including regions with major social, economic and cultural differences were able to participate in it. This inter-regional diversity afforded the study a highly representative study population for Argentina.ConclusionRA patients were greatly interested in knowing more about their disease. The ENs were highest in the domains Movement, Arthritic process and Feelings. Major functional impairment was associated with greater ENs. Patients with high disease activity presented higher ENs in almost all domains. Those with a higher educational level have more ENs in the domains of Arthritic process and Self-help measures. The rheumatologist was the principal source of information for the RA patient.This was the first study to assess ENs or RA patients in Argentina.We believe that the results obtained emphasise the need for effective education from multidisciplinary teams to offer optimal treatment and increase adherence to treatment in patients suffering form RA, thereby improving their long-term prognosis.Conflict of interestsThe authors have no conflict of interests to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1391345" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1276360" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1391346" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Análisis estadístico" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1276359" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack484033" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 11 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-06-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-09-10" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1276360" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Rheumatoid arthritis" 1 => "SpENAT" 2 => "Education" 3 => "Educational Needs Assessment Tool" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1276359" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Artritis reumatoide" 1 => "SpENAT" 2 => "Educación" 3 => "Educational Needs Assessment Tool" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "BackgroundThe SpENAT, a Spanish version of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool, is a self-completed questionnaire that assesses educational needs (ENs) with the purpose of providing tailored and patient-centred information. It consists of 39 questions grouped into the 7 following domains: Pain management, Movement, Feelings, Arthritic process, Treatments, Self-help measures and Support system. ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to describe the ENs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using the SpENAT and to determine the main sources of information consulted by these patients. Material and methodsMulticenter, observational, cross-sectional study. We included consecutive patients≥18 years with diagnosis of RA (ACR 87/ACR-EULAR 2010). Sociodemographic data, disease characteristics and clinimetric properties were recorded. All patients completed the SpENAT and were asked about the sources employed to obtain information about their disease. Statistical analysisPopulation characteristics were described. ENs were determined as percentages of the highest possible score for each domain. Needs for each domain according to sex, years of education, disease duration, use of biologicals and functional capacity were analysed by means of ANOVA, and bivariate comparisons were made with Student's t-test and the Bonferroni correction. Correlation between domains was determined with the Spearman correlation coefficient. We compared patients’ age by source of information with Student's t-test. ResultsWe included 496 patients from 20 centres in Spain. More ENs were observed in the domains of Movement, Feelings and the Arthritic process. Patients with higher educational level (>7 years) reported more ENs in the Arthritic process and Self-help measure domains. A higher functional impairment (HAQ-A≥0.87) was associated with more ENs in every domain. Patients with high activity showed more ENs than those in remission in the domains of Pain management, Movement, Feelings, Treatments and Support system, as well as those with low activity in Self-help measures and Support system domains. All SpENAT domains showed positive correlations among each other (P<.0001), the most important being Pain management/Movement and Treatments/Arthritic process (r≥0.7). The source of information most frequently consulted was the rheumatologist (93.95%); those who made use of Internet were on average younger (P=.0004). ConclusionRA patients were very interested about knowing more about their disease. High functional impairment was associated with more ENs. Patients with high disease activity had higher EN levels in almost every domain. The rheumatologist was the main source of information for the patient with RA." "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Background" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and methods" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Results" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónEl Educational Needs Assessment Tool-versión española (SpENAT) es un cuestionario autorreportado que evalúa las necesidades educacionales (NEd) con el fin de dar información adaptada y centrada en el paciente con artritis reumatoide (AR). Comprende 39 preguntas agrupadas en 7 dominios: Manejo del dolor, Movimiento, Sentimientos, Proceso de artritis, Tratamientos, Medidas de autoayuda y Sistemas de apoyo. ObjetivosEvaluar las NEd en pacientes con AR mediante el SpENAT y determinar cuáles son las principales fuentes de información a las que consultan. Material y métodosEstudio multicéntrico, observacional, analítico, de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos≥18 años con diagnóstico de AR (ACR 87 y/o ACR-EULAR 2010). Se consignaron datos demográficos, nivel educativo, características de la enfermedad y medidas clinimétricas. Todos los pacientes completaron el SpENAT y fueron interrogados acerca de las fuentes a las que acuden para obtener información de su enfermedad. Análisis estadísticoSe describieron las características poblacionales. Se determinaron las NEd como porcentajes del puntaje máximo posible de cada dominio. Se compararon las necesidades por dominio según sexo, años de educación, tiempo de evolución, uso de biológico y capacidad funcional mediante test de Anova y las comparaciones de a pares con prueba t de Student y corrección de Bonferroni. Se determinó correlación entre los dominios con test de Spearman. Se comparó la edad según la fuente de información con la prueba t de Student. ResultadosSe incluyeron 496 pacientes de 20 centros de todo el país. Se observaron mayores NEd en los dominios Movimiento, Sentimientos y Proceso de artritis. Los pacientes de mayor nivel educacional (>7 años) refirieron mayores NEd en los dominios Proceso de artritis y Medidas de autoayuda. Un mayor deterioro funcional (HAQ≥0,87) se asoció con unas mayores NEd en todos los dominios. Los pacientes con alta actividad mostraron mayores NEd que los pacientes en remisión en los dominios Manejo del dolor, Movimiento, Sentimientos, Tratamientos y Sistemas de apoyo, y que los pacientes con baja actividad en los dominios Medidas de autoayuda y Sistemas de apoyo. Todos los dominios del SpENAT mostraron correlaciones positivas entre sí (p<0,0001), siendo las más importantes Manejo del dolor/Movimiento y Tratamientos/Proceso de artritis (r≥0,7). La fuente de información más consultada fue el reumatólogo (93,95%); quienes recurrían a Internet tenían una menor edad en promedio (p=0,0004). ConclusiónLos pacientes con AR manifestaron un gran interés por conocer más sobre su enfermedad. Un elevado deterioro funcional se asocia con mayores NEd. Los pacientes con alta actividad de la enfermedad presentan mayores NEd en casi todos los dominios. El médico reumatólogo es la principal fuente de información del paciente con AR." "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Material y métodos" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Análisis estadístico" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0055" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0060" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Pérez S, Santa Cruz M, Sosa J, Kohan P, Medina M, Klajn D, et al. Evaluación de las necesidades educacionales de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide mediante el cuestionario SpENAT. Reumatol Clin. 2020;16:386–390." ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 996 "Ancho" => 1579 "Tamanyo" => 94657 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Sources consulted by patient with rheumatoid arthritis (n=488)." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "ACPA: anti-protein antibodies/citrullinated peptide antibodies; NSAIDS: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SD: standard deviation; DAS28: Disease Activity Score 28; DMARDS: disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; RF: rheumatoid factor; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; IQR: interquartile range." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Characteristics</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age in years, mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">52.2 (4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age<40 years, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">86 (17.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age≥40 years, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">410 (82.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Women, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">444 (89.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Years of study, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≤7 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">168 (33.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">>7 years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">328 (66.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evolution of RA in months, median (IQE) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">108 (48–180) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Early RA, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (10.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">RF, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">445 (89.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">ACPA, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">308 (64.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nodular, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">97 (19.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Erosive, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">318 (64.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Treatment, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NSAIDS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">258 (52) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Glucocorticoids \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">229 (46.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DMARDS \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">462 (93.2) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Biologics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">146 (29.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Functional capacity</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HAQ, median (IQR) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">.875 (.25–1.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HAQ≤.87, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">238 (48) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">HAQ>.87, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">258 (52) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Disease activity</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">DAS28, median (IQE) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.44 (2.46–4.66) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Remission, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">149 (30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Low activity, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 (13.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Moderate activity, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">190 (38.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">High activity, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">89 (17.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2389642.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Population characteristics (N=496)." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "IQE: interquartile range." 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"vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735743/00000016000005P2/v1_202009270752/S2173574319301418/v1_202009270752/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "43294" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Original articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/00000016000005P2/v1_202009270752/S2173574319301418/v1_202009270752/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574319301418?idApp=UINPBA00004M"]

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Original Article

Evaluation of the educational needs in Argentine patients with rheumatoid arthritis using the SpENAT questionnaire

Evaluación de las necesidades educacionales de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide mediante el cuestionario SpENAT

Silvana Péreza,

Corresponding author

silkperez@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, María Santa Cruza, Julia Sosaa, Paula Kohana, María Medinaa, Diana Klajna, Silvia Papasideroa, José Caraccioloa, Gisela Pendónb, Federico Giordanob, Dora Pereirab, Damaris Alvarezc, Valeria Astudilloc, Eduardo Kerzbergc, Adriana Perez Dávilad, Analía Bohrd, Fernando Meloe, Nicolás Llovese, Marta Mamanie, Claudia Hartvigf..., Gabriela Sanchezf, Mónica Sacnumf, Yamila Chichotkyg, José Velazco Zamorag, Mariana Benegash, Javier Rosai, María Garcíai, Laura Raitij, Vanesa Cruzatj, Rosana Quintanak, Bernardo Pons-Estelk, Karin Kirmayrl, Andrea D’Oraziom, Cinthya Retamozon, Olga Romanoo, Rodolfo Perez Alaminoo, María Correap, Gustavo Citerap, Oscar Rilloq, María Zalazarq, Ana Costir, Mercedes Garcíar, Graciela Gomezs, Hernán Maldonado FiccotVer más

a Hospital General de Agudos Dr. E. Tornú, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

b Hospital Ricardo Gutiérrez, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

c Hospital Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

d Hospital de Rehabilitación Manuel Rocca, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

e Hospital Bernardino Rivadavia, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

f Hospital Provincial de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

g Reumatología al Sur, Berazategui, Buenos Aires, Argentina

h Sanatorio de la Providencia, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

i Hospital Italiano, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

j Clínica Bessone, San Miguel, Buenos Aires, Argentina

k Sanatorio Parque S. A., Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina

l Sanatorio San Carlos, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina

m Hospital Interzonal General De Agudos Dr. José Penna, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina

n Centro de Estudios sobre Derecho y Religión, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Salta, Argentina

o Hospital de Clínicas Pte. Dr. Nicolás Avellaneda, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina

p Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

q Hospital Pirovano, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

r Hospital San Martín, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

s Instituto Lanari, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

t Hospital San Antonio de Padua, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina

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          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sources consulted by patient with rheumatoid arthritis &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>488&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Rheumatoid arthritis &#40;RA&#41; is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterised by the presence of a destructive polyarthritis with major impact on several areas of the patient&#39;s life&#46; Despite the huge variety of effective pharmacological treatments currently available&#44; any improvement in the health and quality of life of the patient may depend on their ability and willingness to meet with all treatments prescribed and to carry out self-care activities&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> As a result&#44; education is an essential element of treatment&#44; which allows patients to care for themselves&#44; complete everyday activities and take essential decisions from a health-wise viewpoint&#46; If the patient does not receive this information from qualified staff they will try to find it from other sources&#44; with the consequent possibility of it being erroneous and&#47;or incomplete&#46; This in turn can lead to negative reactions&#44; making the treatment process more complex&#46; Education provides many advantages both in clinical terms and socially&#44; and helps the patient to face up to their health problems&#46; It also has a positive influence on the recovery process&#46; For this reason&#44; it is considered an integral part of high quality medical care&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It has been recommended that education focuses on the patient and is adapted to satisfy the need for individual knowledge&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> because it has been proven that non directed education does not provide long-term effects in patients with RA&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;6&#44;7</span></a> For this&#44; it would be useful for doctors to have a tool to assess patients&#8217; perception of educational needs&#46; The Educational Needs Assessment Tool &#40;ENAT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> is a self-completion questionnaire which was originally designed in United Kingdom and subsequently validated in several European countries &#40;Spain&#44; Portugal&#44; Germany&#44; Poland&#44; the Low Countries&#44; Finland&#44; Norway and Sweden&#41;&#44; leading to the Spanish SpENAT version&#46; It consists of 39 questions grouped into 7 domains&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain management</span> &#40;6 questions&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movement</span> &#40;5 questions&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Feelings</span> &#40;4 questions&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span> &#40;7 questions&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatments</span> &#40;7 questions&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-help measures</span> &#40;6 questions&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Support systems</span> &#40;4 questions&#41;&#46; Response are based on a Likert type 5-point scale of&#58; &#8220;not important at all&#8221;&#44; &#8220;slightly important&#8221;&#44; &#8220;quite important&#8221;&#44; &#8220;very important&#8221; and &#8220;extremely important&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Up until now educational needs &#40;ENs&#41; in Argentina of patients with RA have not been systematically assessed&#46; For this reason&#44; the purpose of this study was to assess the ENs on the disease in patients with RU using the SpENAT questionnaire&#44; and to determine what the main sources of information consulted by these patients are&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Material and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A multicentre&#44; observational&#44; analytical&#44; cross-sectional study was conducted&#46; We included consecutive patients<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 years with a diagnosis of RA &#40;ACR 87 and&#47;or ACR-EULAR 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#41;&#46; Other associated collagenopathies &#40;except Sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome&#41; were excluded&#44; as was any difficulty by the patient in reading and understanding the questionnaire&#46; Demographic data&#44; educational level &#40;quantified by years of education&#41;&#44; disease characteristics and clinimetric properties &#40;number of painful and swollen joints&#44; visual analogue scale for pain&#44; overall disease assessment by the patient and the physician&#44; disease activity measured by the DAS28 and functional capacity measured through the HAQ-A&#41; were recorded&#46; All patients completed the SpENAT &#40;we obtained the authors&#8217; authorisation for its use&#41; and were asked about the sources they had used to obtain information on their disease&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Population traits were described&#46; ENs were determined as percentages of the highest possible score for each domain&#46; Needs for each domain were compared according to sex&#44; age&#44; years of education&#44; disease duration&#44; use of biologics and functional capacity using the ANOVA test and bivariate comparisons were made with the Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test and Bonferroni correction&#46; Correlation between the domains was determined with the Spearman correlation coefficient&#46; We compared patient&#39;s age by source of information using the Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was undertaken in compliance with the regulations stipulated by Law 3301&#47;09 of the Ministry for Health of the Government of the City of Buenos Aires and the Declaration of Helsinki&#44; and was approved by the ethics and educational committees&#46; All patients agreed to participate in the study and gave their informed consent&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included 496 patients from 20 centres in Spain&#46; The percentage of women was 89&#46;5&#37; and mean age was 52&#46;2 years &#40;SD 12&#46;7&#41;&#46; Clinical characteristics&#44; laboratory data and treatment data are contained in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of the responses obtained in the SpENAT questionnaire revealed that there were higher ENs in domains <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movement&#44; Feelings and</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The women had higher ENs than the men in these same domains &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0023&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0041 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0437&#44; respectively&#41;&#46; Patients who were aged &#8805;40 had higher ENs in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatments</span> domain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0345&#41;&#44; and in those with over 7 years of education the highest ENs were in the domains <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0407&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-help measures</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0176&#41;&#46; Greater functional impairment &#40;HAQ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;87&#41; was associated with higher ENs in all domains in a statistically significant manner&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients with high levels of disease activity &#40;DAS28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;1&#41; showed higher ENs than those in remission in the domains <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain management</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0115&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movement</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0448&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Feelings</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0355&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatments</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0360&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Support systems</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0230&#41;&#44; and those patients with low disease activity on domains <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-help measures</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0175&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Support systems</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0075&#41;&#46; Patients with moderate activity showed higher ENs in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain management</span> domain compared with patients in remission &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0036&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No differences were observed in the ENs between early RA &#40;defined by time of evolution under 2years&#41; and established RA&#44; between patients with or without biologics treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the SpENAT domains showed positive correlations to one another &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0001&#41;&#44; with the most important being <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain management&#47;Movement</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatments&#47;Arthritic process</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;7&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding information sources which patients regularly consult &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; the most frequently consulted was the rheumatologist &#40;93&#46;95&#37;&#41;&#44; and those who used Internet were on average younger &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0004&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Discussion</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RA affects &#46;2&#37;&#8211;1&#37; of the Caucasian population and it has been estimated that in Argentina there are approximately 400&#44;000 people who suffer from the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RA is therefore a major problem in Argentina and must be dealt with by both medical teams and by patients&#46; This is a disease which without proper treatment leads to physical&#44; emotional and social limitations&#46; Diagnosis of RA may arouse different feelings&#44; such as impotence&#44; negation&#44; fear and depression&#44; affecting the quality of life of these patients&#46; As with all chronic disease&#44; education is an essential element of treatment since it improves comprehension&#44; increases adherence to treatment and helps to put self-help strategies into practice&#46; Knowledge is a tool that allows the patient to confront their health problems&#44; heighten self-care&#44; boost decision making and help them cope with the consequences of their disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In several studies standardised education was observed to have limited long-term effects&#44; and the concept of an education focused on the ENs of the patient was introduced&#44; which was also called &#8220;effective education&#8221;&#46; For a tailored education it is essential to determine which aspects of RA are of interest to each individual in particular&#46; Although up until recently no tools were available to systematically assess the ENs in patients with RA&#44; in 2011 the cross-cultural validation of the ENAT was performed in 7 European countries&#44; leading to the SpENAT and providing the only objective and valid tool in Spanish to date&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Recently Ndosi et al&#46; studied the effects of education based on patient needs&#46; This was a multicentre&#44; single blind study which compared self-efficacy&#44; knowledge and health status in 2 groups of patients with RA who were educated with and without ENAT application&#46; Although no significant differences were found between the groups regarding knowledge&#44; they did observe that the patients who were informed according to their interests improved in self-sufficiency and health aspects&#44; such as pain&#44; stiffness&#44; sleep&#44; social interaction and psychological status&#46; Moreover&#44; the ENAT domain scores were lower at the end of the study&#44; demonstrating a reduction in ENs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study was the first to use SpENAT in Argentina and therefore the first to assess the ENs of patients with RA in our country&#46; According to the results obtained&#44; the patients with RA have a greater interest in receiving information about <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movement</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Feelings and</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span>&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movement</span> domain refers to joint protection measures&#44; such as the use of objects which make daily life activities easier&#44; the administration of strength&#44; periods of joint activity and rest&#44; and ways of preventing deformity&#46; Also&#44; in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Feelings</span> section emphasis was placed on stress&#44; mood changes&#44; asthenia and the causes of the feelings of sadness or depression which may accompany disease evolution&#46; Lastly&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span> encompasses&#58; cause&#44; type of arthritis&#44; genetic transmission&#44; forms of treatment&#44; quality of life&#44; functional limitation and evolution&#46; That stated above proves that the patient with RA requires a holistic approach&#44; with participation from the rheumatologist being essential&#44; together with that of other health specialists such occupational therapists&#44; kinesiology and mental health&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consistent with findings from European studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;12</span></a> our study found there were significant differences in the ENs depending on the sex and level of education&#44; with them being higher for women and for people with a higher educational level&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is outstanding that patients with a higher functional impairment and high level of disease activity had greater ENs&#44; but no significant differences were found between early and established RA&#44; demonstrating that it is not duration but level of disability and disease activity which determines interest in finding out more about the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although it was observed that the rheumatologist was the primary source of information for patients with RA&#44; report bias cannot be ignored&#44; since administration of the questionnaire was made in the rheumatology unit&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another possible limitation to the study was the fact that patients&#8217; knowledge prior to the administration of the SpENAT was not measured&#44; since this knowledge could alter individual ENs&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One strength of this study was that several centres throughout Argentina&#44; including regions with major social&#44; economic and cultural differences were able to participate in it&#46; This inter-regional diversity afforded the study a highly representative study population for Argentina&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conclusion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RA patients were greatly interested in knowing more about their disease&#46; The ENs were highest in the domains <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movement</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Feelings</span>&#46; Major functional impairment was associated with greater ENs&#46; Patients with high disease activity presented higher ENs in almost all domains&#46; Those with a higher educational level have more ENs in the domains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-help measures</span>&#46; The rheumatologist was the principal source of information for the RA patient&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was the first study to assess ENs or RA patients in Argentina&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We believe that the results obtained emphasise the need for effective education from multidisciplinary teams to offer optimal treatment and increase adherence to treatment in patients suffering form RA&#44; thereby improving their long-term prognosis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The SpENAT&#44; a Spanish version of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool&#44; is a self-completed questionnaire that assesses educational needs &#40;ENs&#41; with the purpose of providing tailored and patient-centred information&#46; It consists of 39 questions grouped into the 7 following domains&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain management&#44; Movement&#44; Feelings&#44; Arthritic process&#44; Treatments&#44; Self-help measures</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Support system&#46;</span></p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the study was to describe the ENs of rheumatoid arthritis &#40;RA&#41; patients using the SpENAT and to determine the main sources of information consulted by these patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multicenter&#44; observational&#44; cross-sectional study&#46; We included consecutive patients<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 years with diagnosis of RA &#40;ACR 87&#47;ACR-EULAR 2010&#41;&#46; Sociodemographic data&#44; disease characteristics and clinimetric properties were recorded&#46; All patients completed the SpENAT and were asked about the sources employed to obtain information about their disease&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Statistical analysis</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Population characteristics were described&#46; ENs were determined as percentages of the highest possible score for each domain&#46; Needs for each domain according to sex&#44; years of education&#44; disease duration&#44; use of biologicals and functional capacity were analysed by means of ANOVA&#44; and bivariate comparisons were made with Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test and the Bonferroni correction&#46; Correlation between domains was determined with the Spearman correlation coefficient&#46; We compared patients&#8217; age by source of information with Student&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span>-test&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Results</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We included 496 patients from 20 centres in Spain&#46; More ENs were observed in the domains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movement&#44; Feelings</span> and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process&#46;</span> Patients with higher educational level &#40;&#62;7 years&#41; reported more ENs in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthritic process</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-help measure domains&#46;</span> A higher functional impairment &#40;HAQ-A<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;87&#41; was associated with more ENs in every domain&#46; Patients with high activity showed more ENs than those in remission in the domains of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain management&#44; Movement&#44; Feelings&#44; Treatments</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Support system&#44;</span> as well as those with low activity in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Self-help measures</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Support system</span> domains&#46; All SpENAT domains showed positive correlations among each other &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0001&#41;&#44; the most important being <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pain management&#47;Movement</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treatments&#47;Arthritic process</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&#41;&#46; The source of information most frequently consulted was the rheumatologist &#40;93&#46;95&#37;&#41;&#59; those who made use of Internet were on average younger &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#46;0004&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">RA patients were very interested about knowing more about their disease&#46; High functional impairment was associated with more ENs&#46; Patients with high disease activity had higher EN levels in almost every domain&#46; The rheumatologist was the main source of information for the patient with RA&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El Educational Needs Assessment Tool-versi&#243;n espa&#241;ola &#40;SpENAT&#41; es un cuestionario autorreportado que eval&#250;a las necesidades educacionales &#40;NEd&#41; con el fin de dar informaci&#243;n adaptada y centrada en el paciente con artritis reumatoide &#40;AR&#41;&#46; Comprende 39 preguntas agrupadas en 7 dominios&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Manejo del dolor&#44; Movimiento&#44; Sentimientos&#44; Proceso de artritis&#44; Tratamientos&#44; Medidas de autoayuda</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sistemas de apoyo&#46;</span></p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar las NEd en pacientes con AR mediante el SpENAT y determinar cu&#225;les son las principales fuentes de informaci&#243;n a las que consultan&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio multic&#233;ntrico&#44; observacional&#44; anal&#237;tico&#44; de corte transversal&#46; Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18 a&#241;os con diagn&#243;stico de AR &#40;ACR 87 y&#47;o ACR-EULAR 2010&#41;&#46; Se consignaron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; nivel educativo&#44; caracter&#237;sticas de la enfermedad y medidas clinim&#233;tricas&#46; Todos los pacientes completaron el SpENAT y fueron interrogados acerca de las fuentes a las que acuden para obtener informaci&#243;n de su enfermedad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se describieron las caracter&#237;sticas poblacionales&#46; Se determinaron las NEd como porcentajes del puntaje m&#225;ximo posible de cada dominio&#46; Se compararon las necesidades por dominio seg&#250;n sexo&#44; a&#241;os de educaci&#243;n&#44; tiempo de evoluci&#243;n&#44; uso de biol&#243;gico y capacidad funcional mediante test de Anova y las comparaciones de a pares con prueba t de Student y correcci&#243;n de Bonferroni&#46; Se determin&#243; correlaci&#243;n entre los dominios con test de Spearman&#46; Se compar&#243; la edad seg&#250;n la fuente de informaci&#243;n con la prueba t de Student&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Resultados</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 496 pacientes de 20 centros de todo el pa&#237;s&#46; Se observaron mayores NEd en los dominios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Movimiento&#44; Sentimientos</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Proceso de artritis&#46;</span> Los pacientes de mayor nivel educacional &#40;&#62;7 a&#241;os&#41; refirieron mayores NEd en los dominios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Proceso de artritis</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medidas de autoayuda&#46;</span> Un mayor deterioro funcional &#40;HAQ<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;87&#41; se asoci&#243; con unas mayores NEd en todos los dominios&#46; Los pacientes con alta actividad mostraron mayores NEd que los pacientes en remisi&#243;n en los dominios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Manejo del dolor&#44; Movimiento&#44; Sentimientos&#44; Tratamientos</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sistemas de apoyo&#44;</span> y que los pacientes con baja actividad en los dominios <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Medidas de autoayuda</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sistemas de apoyo&#46;</span> Todos los dominios del SpENAT mostraron correlaciones positivas entre s&#237; &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0001&#41;&#44; siendo las m&#225;s importantes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Manejo del dolor&#47;Movimiento</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tratamientos&#47;Proceso de artritis</span> &#40;r<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;7&#41;&#46; La fuente de informaci&#243;n m&#225;s consultada fue el reumat&#243;logo &#40;93&#44;95&#37;&#41;&#59; quienes recurr&#237;an a Internet ten&#237;an una menor edad en promedio &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;0004&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con AR manifestaron un gran inter&#233;s por conocer m&#225;s sobre su enfermedad&#46; Un elevado deterioro funcional se asocia con mayores NEd&#46; Los pacientes con alta actividad de la enfermedad presentan mayores NEd en casi todos los dominios&#46; El m&#233;dico reumat&#243;logo es la principal fuente de informaci&#243;n del paciente con AR&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; P&#233;rez S&#44; Santa Cruz M&#44; Sosa J&#44; Kohan P&#44; Medina M&#44; Klajn D&#44; et al&#46; Evaluaci&#243;n de las necesidades educacionales de los pacientes con artritis reumatoide mediante el cuestionario SpENAT&#46; Reumatol Clin&#46; 2020&#59;16&#58;386&#8211;390&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ACPA&#58; anti-protein antibodies&#47;citrullinated peptide antibodies&#59; NSAIDS&#58; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs&#59; RA&#58; rheumatoid arthritis&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#59; DAS28&#58; Disease Activity Score 28&#59; DMARDS&#58; disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs&#59; RF&#58; rheumatoid factor&#59; HAQ&#58; Health Assessment Questionnaire&#59; IQR&#58; interquartile range&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAQ&#44; median &#40;IQR&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;875 &#40;&#46;25&#8211;1&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">238 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">HAQ</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#62;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;87&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">258 &#40;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DAS28&#44; median &#40;IQE&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;44 &#40;2&#46;46&#8211;4&#46;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">149 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">190 &#40;38&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">89 &#40;17&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
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                      "titulo" => "Cross-cultural validation of the Educational Needs Assessment Tool in RA in 7 European countries"
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                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ndosi"
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                            2 => "U&#46; Bergsten"
                            3 => "M&#46;L&#46; Kukkurainen"
                            4 => "P&#46; Machado"
                            5 => "J&#46; de la Torre-Aboki"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2474-12-110"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Musculoskelet Disord"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "110"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21609481"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Aportaci&#243;n de la consulta de enfermer&#237;a en el manejo del paciente con artritis reumatoide"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "J&#46; De la Torre Aboki"
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                      ]
                    ]
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                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Reumatol Clin"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "numero" => "Suppl&#46; 3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "S16"
                        "paginaFinal" => "S19"
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              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Estimation of patient knowledge on rheumatoid arthritis in the range of their own disease &#8211; preliminary study"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Pytel"
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                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Adv Clin Exp Med"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "343"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23214198"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Developing the Polish Educational Needs Assessment Tool &#40;Pol-ENAT&#41; in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis&#58; a cross-cultural validation study using Rasch analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Mianowana"
                            1 => "S&#46; Sierakowski"
                            2 => "J&#46; Sierakowska"
                            3 => "M&#46; Horton"
                            4 => "M&#46; Ndosi"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11136-014-0805-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Qual Life Res"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "721"
                        "paginaFinal" => "733"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25231203"
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                      "titulo" => "Patient education and self-management of musculoskeletal diseases"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.berh.2008.02.006"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"
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                        "paginaInicial" => "395"
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              "etiqueta" => "6"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Gap between short- and long-term effects of patient education in rheumatoid arthritis patients&#58; a systematic review"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1002/art.20399"
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                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "388"
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                        "link" => array:1 [
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                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188324"
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                      "titulo" => "Systematic review of rheumatoid arthritis patient education"
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                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;P&#46; Riemsma"
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                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Rasker"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/art.20823"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "51"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1045"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1059"
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                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15593105"
                            "web" => "Medline"
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            7 => array:3 [
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Arthritis Educational Needs Assessment Tool&#46; Leeds&#58; The University of Leeds&#59; 2013&#46;"
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Article information

ISSN: 21735743
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.reumae.2018.09.014

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2024 November	5	8	13
2024 October	37	24	61
2024 September	44	27	71
2024 August	59	34	93
2024 July	52	30	82
2024 June	52	24	76
2024 May	63	22	85
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2024 March	42	28	70
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2023 August	162	17	179
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2023 June	43	25	68
2023 May	61	28	89
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2022 December	76	21	97
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