Educational needs in patients with knee osteoarthritis using the SpENAT questionnaire

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This influences the recovery process as an integral part of medical care.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030">6–8</a> All guidelines agree that education, access to quality information, good postural habits, avoiding forced body positions that misalign anatomical segments, adequate exercise and weight loss are effective general measures applicable to any patient with knee OA of any degree. grado2,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045">9,10</a> To this end, it would be useful for clinicians to have a tool that assesses their perception of patients’ educational needs (ENs).The Educational Needs Assessment Tool (ENAT) is a self-administered questionnaire developed in the United Kingdom and validated in several European countries (Spain, Portugal, Germany, Poland, Holland, Norway and Sweden), giving rise to the Spanish version of SpENAT.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">11,12</a>Due to the lack of systematic evolution of EN in patients with OA, it was proposed to carry out this study in order to assess ENs using the SpENAT questionnaire and to identify the source of information on this disease.Material and methodsAn observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with a diagnosis of OA who attended the protocolised consultation of the Rheumatology service at the Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, during the period from January 2017 to September 2020. The inclusion criteria were: patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of OA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), who gave their consent to participate. Patients with a diagnosis of neoplastic disease and any other known rheumatic condition, as well as patients psychologically unable to respond, were excluded. Demographic data were recorded comparing needs by domain according to sex, age, occupation, schooling, nutritional status, evolution of symptoms and most frequently used sources of information related to rheumatological problems.SpENAT consists of 39 questions grouped into 7 domains: pain management (6 questions), movement (5 questions), feelings (4 questions), osteoarthritis process (7 questions), medical treatment (7 questions), non-medical treatment (6 questions) and help (4 questions). The answers are based on a 5-point Likert-type scale: “not important at all”, “a little important”, “quite important”, “very important” and “extremely important”.Statistical dataSample characteristics and the ENs for each domain were summarised using absolute numbers, percentages, mean and standard deviation; needs per domain were compared according to sex, age, occupation, education, nutritional status, symptom evolution and most used sources of information, using Student’s t-test and Pearson's Chi-square. A significance level = 0.05 was used in all hypothesis tests.ResultsIn the present study, no significant differences were found in the ENs according to age, sex, symptom evolution, occupation, nutritional status and educational level. In a universe of 297 patients under study, the sample consisted of 215 patients diagnosed with OA. <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows that 72.6% of the research sample was female. The mean age was 59.47 years (SD 13.06).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>When looking at the responses obtained in the SpENAT questionnaire, higher EDs were obtained in the domains of movement, help, pain and feeling (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). Women showed higher ENs than men in the movement domain (P = .056); patients ≥ 50 years presented higher ENs in the osteoarthritis domain (P = .218), and those > 9th grade of study showed higher ENs in movement (P = .790) and helping (P = .405) domains. Patients with normal weight presented higher ENs in the domains of pain (P = .416), movement (P = .188) and medical treatment (P = .278). In terms of time of evolution, patients with over one year had higher ENs in the movement domain (P = .083). No statistically significant differences were observed in each of the domains.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>Regarding information sources to which patients usually turn (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), the most frequently consulted source of information was the rheumatologist (91.6%).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThe present study evaluated the educational needs of patients in Cuba with a diagnosis of OA, and found a high level of education in relation to this entity, which could be related to the high educational level of the patients who participated in this study. In Cuba, the educational level is ninth grade.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">13</a> In addition, it could be linked to the proximity to health services where every 120 families have a basic working group made up of a doctor and nurse, as well as primary level care specialists.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a>Studies on the prevalence and incidence of OA vary according to the geographical area and country of origin of the population, the joint studied, as well as genetic and environmental risk factors. Women over 50 years of age are the most affected afectadas,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025">5,15–17</a> coinciding with our study.According to the results obtained, Cuban women with OA who attend rheumatology consultations are interested in movement, results that are similar to those reported by other authors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">18–20</a> This could be due to the need for movement in the Cuban population in general, where daily life requires activities such as carrying buckets of water, as well as shopping baskets. However, all patients surveyed have a greater interest in receiving information in the domains of movement, help, pain, feeling, illness, as expressed in other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055">11,21,22</a> This could be related to the inability to perform daily activities due to the pain caused by OA, and the psychological impact this can have on the lack of knowledge about the disease.Assessing the daily routine of the patient's life, it was observed that the duration in the evolution of OA has a progressive impact on the decrease in functional capacity, presenting higher ENs in the movement domain, in line with what is reported in other rheumatological diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis where patients present an increase in difficulties regarding daily activities in a short period of time after the diagnosis of the disease, as suggested by Ambriz Murillo et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">23</a> which could be related to the activity of the disease during that short period of time.It was evident that patients whose level of education exceeded the ninth grade had higher ENs in the domains of movement and helping, similarly suggested by Sierakowska et al.;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">24</a> given the level of education shown by the patients, it could be related to the need to seek knowledge about the behaviour of their disease and the impact of their disease on daily activities.It was observed that the main source of information obtained by the patient was the rheumatologist, coinciding with the results obtained in other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">2,7</a>Reporting bias cannot be ruled out, as the questionnaire was administered in the rheumatology consultation room, due to the extensive training of the rheumatologist and the free access of patients to rheumatology services.On the other hand, not having measured knowledge needs using the SpENAT at the onset of OA diagnosis or during the first rheumatology consultation could be taken as a limitation of this study, as this knowledge could modify individual ENs.ConclusionThe level of knowledge in OA patients needs to be improved, and although in other contexts a multidisciplinary team is suggested,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125">25,26</a> in Cuba and especially in this study, the rheumatology specialist plays a fundamental role, and can identify the best scenarios for transmitting information about the disease.Conflict of interestsThis research has not received specific support from public sector agencies, or commercial not-for-profit entities.The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1806270" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1578422" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1806271" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Material y método" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1578421" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Material and methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical data" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Conflict of interests" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2021-05-18" "fechaAceptado" => "2021-09-02" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1578422" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "SpENAT" 1 => "Osteoarthritis" 2 => "Educational Needs Assessment Tool" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1578421" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "SpENAT" 1 => "Osteoartritis" 2 => "Educational Needs Assessment Tool" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major public health issue because it causes pain and functional limitation in patients. Engagement with self-management may, however, minimize the impact of KOA on the health of patients suffering this illness. To be fully engaged with self-management activities, knowledge about KOA is a prerequisite. There is data on people’s understanding of KOA and their needs for information about KOA. The Educational Needs Assessment Tool-Spanish version (SpENAT) is a self-reported questionnaire that assesses educational needs (Ned) in order to provide information adapted and focused on patients with knee KOA. It comprises 39 questions grouped into seven domains: Pain, Movement, Feelings, Osteoarthritis, Medical treatment, Non-medical treatment, Help. ObjectivesTo estimate the Ned in patients with knee KOA using the SpENAT. Material and methodAn observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out in 215 patients with a diagnosis of knee KOA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology who attended the service’s protocolized consultation of knee conditions of rheumatology at the “Hermanos Ameijeiras” Surgical Clinical Hospital during the study period between January 2017 and August 2020. Demographic data, educational level and characteristics of the disease were recorded. All patients completed the SpENAT and were questioned about the sources they turn to obtain information on their disease. ResultsWomen over 50 years of age and overweight with a diagnosis of OA predominated. Major Ned were observed in the domains of movement, help, pain, feeling, KOA. Patients over 50 years of age, female, normal weight, and active workers showed greater interest in the movement domain. The most used source of information was the rheumatologist (91.60%). ConclusionThe Ned in patients with knee KOA are high, and are higher in the domains of movement, pain, help and feeling. The rheumatologist is the main source of information for patients with KOA, it seems wise to design a targeted strategy to educate people about KOA to provide, support and prepare them for self-management." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónLa osteoartritis de rodilla (OA) es un problema importante de salud pública porque causa dolor y limitación funcional en los pacientes. Sin embargo, el compromiso con la autogestión puede minimizar el impacto de la OA en la salud de los pacientes que padecen esta enfermedad. Para estar completamente comprometido con las actividades de autogestión, el conocimiento sobre OA es un requisito previo. Hay datos acerca de la comprensión de las personas sobre OA y sus necesidades de información sobre OA. La Educational Needs Assessment Tool-versión en español (SpENAT, por sus siglas en inglés) es un cuestionario autoinformado que evalúa las necesidades educativas (Ned) con el fin de brindar información adaptada y enfocada a pacientes con OA de rodilla. Consta de 39 preguntas agrupadas en 7 dominios: dolor, movimiento, sentimientos, osteoartritis, tratamiento médico, tratamiento no médico y ayuda. ObjetivosEstimar las Ned en pacientes con OA de rodilla utilizando el SpENAT. Material y métodoSe realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en 215 pacientes con diagnóstico de OA de rodilla según criterio del American College of Rheumatology que acudieron a la consulta protocolizada de patología de rodilla del servicio de Reumatología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras durante el período de estudio comprendido entre enero de 2017 y agosto de 2020. Se registraron datos demográficos, nivel educativo y características de la enfermedad. Todos los pacientes completaron el SpENAT y se les preguntó sobre las fuentes a las que recurrieron para obtener información sobre su enfermedad. ResultadosPredominaron las mujeres mayores de 50 años y con sobrepeso con diagnóstico de OA. Se observaron mayores Ned en los dominios movimiento, ayuda, dolor, sentimiento, OA. Los pacientes mayores de 50 años, mujeres, con normopeso y trabajador activo mostraron mayor interés en el dominio del movimiento. La fuente de información más utilizada fue el reumatólogo (91,60%). ConclusiónLas Ned en pacientes con OA de rodilla son altas, resultando más altas en los dominios de movimiento, dolor, ayuda y sentimiento. El reumatólogo es la principal fuente de información para los pacientes con OA. Parece prudente tratar de diseñar una estrategia específica para educar a las personas sobre OA con el fin de proporcionarles, apoyarlas y prepararlas para el autocuidado." "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Introducción" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Material y método" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0050" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Martínez-Gonzáles PL, Chico Capote A, Estévez del Toro M, Hidalgo Costa T. Las necesidades educativas (no cubiertas) en pacientes cubanos con artrosis de rodilla mediante el cuestionario SpENAT. Reumatol Clín. 2022;18:603–607." ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2030 "Ancho" => 2509 "Tamanyo" => 224461 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Information source." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0010" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age in years, mean (SD) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59.47 (13.06) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age < 50 years, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 (18.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age ≥ 50 years, n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">176 (81.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gender, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59 (27.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">156 (72.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Schooling, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≤ 9.th grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">29 (13.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">> 9.th grade \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">186 (86.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occupation, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Active \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">143 (66.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Retired \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">72 (33.5) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evolution of symptoms, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≤ 1 year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14 (8.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">> 1 year \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">197 (91.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nutritional status, n (%)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Normal weight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 (13.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Overweight/obese \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">187 (87.0) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Affected knee</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Right \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">141 (65.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Left \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">68 (31.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Both \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6 (2.8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Sample characteristics." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0015" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Fem: female; Func: function; Male: male; Mood: mood; OA: osteoarthritis; SD: standard deviation; SpENAT: Educational Needs Assessment Tool - Spanish version; Ttment: treatment." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Domains (SpENAT)</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="7" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean (SD)</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Func. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Mood \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">OA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Medical ttment. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Mon medical ttment. \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Help \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age (years)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">< 50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.82 (1.70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.15 (2.86) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.82 (.82) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">25.90 (.82) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.49 (1.59) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.36 (1.81) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.10 (.72) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≥ 50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.77 (1.82) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.95 (1.81) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.78 (.75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.08 (.87) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.82 (1.61) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.75 (1.75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.02 (.79) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Sex</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.72 (2.04) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.55 (1.03) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.83 (.69) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.05 (.89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.83 (1.63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.76 (1.76) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.01 (.73) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Fem \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.79 (1.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.15 (2.28) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.77 (.78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.05 (.84) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.73 (1.6) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.65 (1.76) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.05 (.78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Schooling (years)</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">> 9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.27 (1.43) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.89 (.93) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.82 (.80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.20 (.90) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.44 (1.47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.37 (1.61) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.93 (.65) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≤ 9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.69 (1.84) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.00 (2.15) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.78 (.75) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.02 (.85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.81 (1.62) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.73 (1.78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.05 (.78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Occupation</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Retired \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.65 (2.02) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.85 (1.47) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.65 (.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.15 (.80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.60 (1.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.50 (1.88) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.99 (.80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Active \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.84 (1.68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.06 (2.27) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.86 (.77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.00 (.89) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.85 (1.56) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.78 (1.70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.07 (.76) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Nutritional status</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Normal weight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.03 (1.97) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.46 (2.71) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.50 (.79) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.00 (.72) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21.07 (1.41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">19.07 (1.41) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.17 (.72) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Overweight/obese \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.73 (1.77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.91 (1.91) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.83 (.74) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.05 (.88) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.71 (1.63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.62 (1.80) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.02 (.77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " colspan="8" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Evolution of symptoms</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">≤ 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.00 (2.38) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17.07 (1.07) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.85 (.66) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.07 (.83) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.57 (1.40) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.43 (1.70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.00 (.68) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">> 1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.83 (1.76) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.05 (2.09) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">13.78 (.76) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.08 (.85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">20.75 (1.63) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">18.67 (1.77) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">14.03 (.78) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Patients with knee OA by SpENAT characteristic and domains." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Organización Mundial de la Salud OMS. 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Educational needs in patients with knee osteoarthritis using the SpENAT questionnaire

Las necesidades educativas (no cubiertas) en pacientes cubanos con artrosis de rodilla mediante el cuestionario SpENAT

Pedro Leonardo Martínez-Gonzálesa,

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pedroleomartinez@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Araceli Chico Capotea, Miguel Estévez del Toroa, Tania Hidalgo Costab

a Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Docente Clínico-Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, La Habana, Cuba

b Servicio de Bioestadística, Hospital Docente Clínico-Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, La Habana, Cuba

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Poland&#44; Holland&#44; Norway and Sweden&#41;&#44; giving rise to the Spanish version of SpENAT&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to the lack of systematic evolution of EN in patients with OA&#44; it was proposed to carry out this study in order to assess ENs using the SpENAT questionnaire and to identify the source of information on this disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Material and methods</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An observational&#44; descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with a diagnosis of OA who attended the protocolised consultation of the Rheumatology service at the Hospital Cl&#237;nico Quir&#250;rgico Hermanos Ameijeiras&#44; during the period from January 2017 to September 2020&#46; The inclusion criteria were&#58; patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of OA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology &#40;ACR&#41;&#44; who gave their consent to participate&#46; Patients with a diagnosis of neoplastic disease and any other known rheumatic condition&#44; as well as patients psychologically unable to respond&#44; were excluded&#46; Demographic data were recorded comparing needs by domain according to sex&#44; age&#44; occupation&#44; schooling&#44; nutritional status&#44; evolution of symptoms and most frequently used sources of information related to rheumatological problems&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">SpENAT consists of 39 questions grouped into 7 domains&#58; pain management &#40;6 questions&#41;&#44; movement &#40;5 questions&#41;&#44; feelings &#40;4 questions&#41;&#44; osteoarthritis process &#40;7 questions&#41;&#44; medical treatment &#40;7 questions&#41;&#44; non-medical treatment &#40;6 questions&#41; and help &#40;4 questions&#41;&#46; The answers are based on a 5-point Likert-type scale&#58; &#8220;not important at all&#8221;&#44; &#8220;a little important&#8221;&#44; &#8220;quite important&#8221;&#44; &#8220;very important&#8221; and &#8220;extremely important&#8221;&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical data</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sample characteristics and the ENs for each domain were summarised using absolute numbers&#44; percentages&#44; mean and standard deviation&#59; needs per domain were compared according to sex&#44; age&#44; occupation&#44; education&#44; nutritional status&#44; symptom evolution and most used sources of information&#44; using Student&#8217;s t-test and Pearson&#39;s Chi-square&#46; A significance level&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;05 was used in all hypothesis tests&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the present study&#44; no significant differences were found in the ENs according to age&#44; sex&#44; symptom evolution&#44; occupation&#44; nutritional status and educational level&#46; In a universe of 297 patients under study&#44; the sample consisted of 215 patients diagnosed with OA&#46; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows that 72&#46;6&#37; of the research sample was female&#46; The mean age was 59&#46;47 years &#40;SD 13&#46;06&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">When looking at the responses obtained in the SpENAT questionnaire&#44; higher EDs were obtained in the domains of movement&#44; help&#44; pain and feeling &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Women showed higher ENs than men in the movement domain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;056&#41;&#59; patients&#8239;&#8805;&#8239;50 years presented higher ENs in the osteoarthritis domain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;218&#41;&#44; and those&#8239;&#62;&#8239;9th grade of study showed higher ENs in movement &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;790&#41; and helping &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;405&#41; domains&#46; Patients with normal weight presented higher ENs in the domains of pain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;416&#41;&#44; movement &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;188&#41; and medical treatment &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;278&#41;&#46; In terms of time of evolution&#44; patients with over one year had higher ENs in the movement domain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;&#46;083&#41;&#46; No statistically significant differences were observed in each of the domains&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding information sources to which patients usually turn &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#44; the most frequently consulted source of information was the rheumatologist &#40;91&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discussion</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study evaluated the educational needs of patients in Cuba with a diagnosis of OA&#44; and found a high level of education in relation to this entity&#44; which could be related to the high educational level of the patients who participated in this study&#46; In Cuba&#44; the educational level is ninth grade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> In addition&#44; it could be linked to the proximity to health services where every 120 families have a basic working group made up of a doctor and nurse&#44; as well as primary level care specialists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies on the prevalence and incidence of OA vary according to the geographical area and country of origin of the population&#44; the joint studied&#44; as well as genetic and environmental risk factors&#46; Women over 50 years of age are the most affected afectadas&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;15&#8211;17</span></a> coinciding with our study&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the results obtained&#44; Cuban women with OA who attend rheumatology consultations are interested in movement&#44; results that are similar to those reported by other authors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#8211;20</span></a> This could be due to the need for movement in the Cuban population in general&#44; where daily life requires activities such as carrying buckets of water&#44; as well as shopping baskets&#46; However&#44; all patients surveyed have a greater interest in receiving information in the domains of movement&#44; help&#44; pain&#44; feeling&#44; illness&#44; as expressed in other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;21&#44;22</span></a> This could be related to the inability to perform daily activities due to the pain caused by OA&#44; and the psychological impact this can have on the lack of knowledge about the disease&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Assessing the daily routine of the patient&#39;s life&#44; it was observed that the duration in the evolution of OA has a progressive impact on the decrease in functional capacity&#44; presenting higher ENs in the movement domain&#44; in line with what is reported in other rheumatological diseases&#44; such as rheumatoid arthritis where patients present an increase in difficulties regarding daily activities in a short period of time after the diagnosis of the disease&#44; as suggested by Ambriz Murillo et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> which could be related to the activity of the disease during that short period of time&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was evident that patients whose level of education exceeded the ninth grade had higher ENs in the domains of movement and helping&#44; similarly suggested by Sierakowska et al&#46;&#59;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> given the level of education shown by the patients&#44; it could be related to the need to seek knowledge about the behaviour of their disease and the impact of their disease on daily activities&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It was observed that the main source of information obtained by the patient was the rheumatologist&#44; coinciding with the results obtained in other studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;7</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reporting bias cannot be ruled out&#44; as the questionnaire was administered in the rheumatology consultation room&#44; due to the extensive training of the rheumatologist and the free access of patients to rheumatology services&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; not having measured knowledge needs using the SpENAT at the onset of OA diagnosis or during the first rheumatology consultation could be taken as a limitation of this study&#44; as this knowledge could modify individual ENs&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conclusion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The level of knowledge in OA patients needs to be improved&#44; and although in other contexts a multidisciplinary team is suggested&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a> in Cuba and especially in this study&#44; the rheumatology specialist plays a fundamental role&#44; and can identify the best scenarios for transmitting information about the disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research has not received specific support from public sector agencies&#44; or commercial not-for-profit entities&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Knee osteoarthritis &#40;KOA&#41; is a major public health issue because it causes pain and functional limitation in patients&#46; Engagement with self-management may&#44; however&#44; minimize the impact of KOA on the health of patients suffering this illness&#46; To be fully engaged with self-management activities&#44; knowledge about KOA is a prerequisite&#46; There is data on people&#8217;s understanding of KOA and their needs for information about KOA&#46; The Educational Needs Assessment Tool-Spanish version &#40;SpENAT&#41; is a self-reported questionnaire that assesses educational needs &#40;Ned&#41; in order to provide information adapted and focused on patients with knee KOA&#46; It comprises 39 questions grouped into seven domains&#58; Pain&#44; Movement&#44; Feelings&#44; Osteoarthritis&#44; Medical treatment&#44; Non-medical treatment&#44; Help&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objectives</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To estimate the Ned in patients with knee KOA using the SpENAT&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Material and method</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An observational&#44; descriptive&#44; and cross-sectional study was carried out in 215 patients with a diagnosis of knee KOA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology who attended the service&#8217;s protocolized consultation of knee conditions of rheumatology at the &#8220;Hermanos Ameijeiras&#8221; Surgical Clinical Hospital during the study period between January 2017 and August 2020&#46; Demographic data&#44; educational level and characteristics of the disease were recorded&#46; All patients completed the SpENAT and were questioned about the sources they turn to obtain information on their disease&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Women over 50 years of age and overweight with a diagnosis of OA predominated&#46; Major Ned were observed in the domains of movement&#44; help&#44; pain&#44; feeling&#44; KOA&#46; Patients over 50 years of age&#44; female&#44; normal weight&#44; and active workers showed greater interest in the movement domain&#46; The most used source of information was the rheumatologist &#40;91&#46;60&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Ned in patients with knee KOA are high&#44; and are higher in the domains of movement&#44; pain&#44; help and feeling&#46; The rheumatologist is the main source of information for patients with KOA&#44; it seems wise to design a targeted strategy to educate people about KOA to provide&#44; support and prepare them for self-management&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La osteoartritis de rodilla &#40;OA&#41; es un problema importante de salud p&#250;blica porque causa dolor y limitaci&#243;n funcional en los pacientes&#46; Sin embargo&#44; el compromiso con la autogesti&#243;n puede minimizar el impacto de la OA en la salud de los pacientes que padecen esta enfermedad&#46; Para estar completamente comprometido con las actividades de autogesti&#243;n&#44; el conocimiento sobre OA es un requisito previo&#46; Hay datos acerca de la comprensi&#243;n de las personas sobre OA y sus necesidades de informaci&#243;n sobre OA&#46; La Educational Needs Assessment Tool-versi&#243;n en espa&#241;ol &#40;SpENAT&#44; por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s&#41; es un cuestionario autoinformado que eval&#250;a las necesidades educativas &#40;Ned&#41; con el fin de brindar informaci&#243;n adaptada y enfocada a pacientes con OA de rodilla&#46; Consta de 39 preguntas agrupadas en 7 dominios&#58; dolor&#44; movimiento&#44; sentimientos&#44; osteoartritis&#44; tratamiento m&#233;dico&#44; tratamiento no m&#233;dico y ayuda&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estimar las Ned en pacientes con OA de rodilla utilizando el SpENAT&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Material y m&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un estudio observacional&#44; descriptivo y transversal en 215 pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de OA de rodilla seg&#250;n criterio del American College of Rheumatology que acudieron a la consulta protocolizada de patolog&#237;a de rodilla del servicio de Reumatolog&#237;a del Hospital Cl&#237;nico Quir&#250;rgico Hermanos Ameijeiras durante el per&#237;odo de estudio comprendido entre enero de 2017 y agosto de 2020&#46; Se registraron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; nivel educativo y caracter&#237;sticas de la enfermedad&#46; Todos los pacientes completaron el SpENAT y se les pregunt&#243; sobre las fuentes a las que recurrieron para obtener informaci&#243;n sobre su enfermedad&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Resultados</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Predominaron las mujeres mayores de 50 a&#241;os y con sobrepeso con diagn&#243;stico de OA&#46; Se observaron mayores Ned en los dominios movimiento&#44; ayuda&#44; dolor&#44; sentimiento&#44; OA&#46; Los pacientes mayores de 50 a&#241;os&#44; mujeres&#44; con normopeso y trabajador activo mostraron mayor inter&#233;s en el dominio del movimiento&#46; La fuente de informaci&#243;n m&#225;s utilizada fue el reumat&#243;logo &#40;91&#44;60&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las Ned en pacientes con OA de rodilla son altas&#44; resultando m&#225;s altas en los dominios de movimiento&#44; dolor&#44; ayuda y sentimiento&#46; El reumat&#243;logo es la principal fuente de informaci&#243;n para los pacientes con OA&#46; Parece prudente tratar de dise&#241;ar una estrategia espec&#237;fica para educar a las personas sobre OA con el fin de proporcionarles&#44; apoyarlas y prepararlas para el autocuidado&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;27&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">156 &#40;72&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">186 &#40;86&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;33&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20&#46;82 &#40;1&#46;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">18&#46;15 &#40;2&#46;86&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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Article information

ISSN: 21735743
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.reumae.2021.09.005

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2023 June	53	36	89
2023 March	8	5	13
2022 September	1	0	1
2022 June	6	0	6

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