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Spain&#44; and France&#41; the prevalence rate was intermediate &#40;prevalence range&#58; 1&#46;5&#8211;16&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#41;&#44; while Northern European countries &#40;Sweden&#44; England&#44; and Scotland&#41; and the United States reported the lowest prevalence &#40;prevalence range&#58; 0&#46;3&#8211;5&#46;2&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BD usually begins in the third or fourth decade of life&#44; with onset in childhood or late adulthood being rare&#46; The female&#47;male ratio varies among different ethnic groups and geographic regions&#44; with male predominance in Middle Eastern countries and female predominance in European and North American countries&#46; Most series agree that male gender has a more severe disease&#44; regardless of demographic characteristics&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The disease has a broad spectrum of clinical features and is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission&#46; Its phenotypic expression also varies according to the ethnic group and country&#46; Skin and mucosal lesions comprising oral and genital ulcers&#44; papulopustular lesions&#44; and erythema nodosum-like lesions are observed in most patients&#46; On the other hand&#44; uveitis&#44; venous thrombosis&#44; arterial thrombosis and aneurysms&#44; nervous system and gastrointestinal involvement occur in a smaller number of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genetic predisposition for BD is suggested by the higher concordance for BD in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The genetic approach identified associations between different genetic markers and BD&#44; with HLA-B&#42;51 allele being the strongest susceptibility factor for the disease&#46; It is estimated that carriers of HLA-B&#42;5&#47;B&#42;51 have a pooled odds ratio of 5&#46;78 for the development of BD &#40;95&#37; confidence interval&#58; 5&#8211;6&#46;7&#41; compared with non-carriers&#46; Moreover&#44; the population-attributable risk for BD concerning the presence of HLA-B&#42;5&#47;B&#42;51 within different geographic areas was estimated at 32&#8211;52&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Limited data exist on the demographic&#44; clinical features and the HLA-B&#42;51 frequency of BD in Latin American countries&#46; This region is characterized by being multi-ethnic &#40;White&#44; Mestizo&#44; African Latin Americans and Pure Amerindians&#41; and multicultural&#46; Data from the GLADEL &#40;Grupo Latino Americano De Estudio de Lupus&#41; cohort demonstrated that patients with mestizo systemic lupus erythematosus have significant differences &#40;demographic and clinical characteristics&#41; compared to white patients&#46; Indeed&#44; these differences are associated with a worsening overall prognosis for mestizo SLE patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It is therefore necessary to better describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of BD patients in Latin America countries that may be unique to this population&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this work was to describe through a systematic literature review &#40;SLR&#41; the demographic and clinical features&#44; as well as the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients in Latin America countries&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An SLR was carried out according to PRISMA &#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis&#41; guidelines without performing a meta-analysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Search strategy</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We searched PubMed database from inception until December 30&#44; 2021&#46; We used all possible keywords combinations with Boolean operators and the subsequent search strategy&#58; &#8220;Beh&#231;et Disease&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Argentina&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Bolivia&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Brazil&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Chile&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Colombia&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Ecuador&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Mexico&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Paraguay&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Peru&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Uruguay&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Venezuela&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Caribbean&#8221; and &#8220;Latin America&#8221;&#46; The search was restricted to the Spanish and English languages&#46; In order to improve this work&#44; a hand search was performed in the reference lists of the selected full-text articles to find additional references that could be relevant for this review&#46; Two investigators &#40;S&#46;A&#46;M&#46; &#38; A&#46;O&#46;O&#46;&#41; carried out this review&#44; analyzed each selected article&#44; and collected the data independently&#46; In case of disagreement&#44; a third investigator was consulted &#40;A&#46;A&#46;&#41;&#46; Any discrepancies were resolved through a consensus discussion&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included observational studies &#40;either cross-sectional or cohort&#41; of BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group for Beh&#231;et Disease classification criteria and reported the demographic&#44; clinical and laboratory features of the disease in adult patients &#40;&#8805;18 years&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> A minimum sample size was not an inclusion&#47;exclusion criterion for an article&#46; Studies published only as abstracts or presented at professional meetings were not included&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two investigators reviewed the data from the selected articles using a predetermined collection form&#46; Information about the study characteristics &#40;design&#44; country&#44; sample size&#41;&#44; number of participants&#44; gender&#44; ethnicity&#44; age at diagnosis&#44; clinical and laboratory features was gathered&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The studies selected were summarized using a narrative synthesis approach&#46; Summary tables and structured narrative were used to descriptively summarize and compare each of the studies herein included&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Ethical aspects</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research methods were in conformity with the principles of the Helsinki Declarations&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature search yielded 86 articles&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46; A total of 74 articles were excluded for several reasons&#44; and 12 were considered for analysis in this SLR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10&#8211;20</span></a> Seven articles were from Brazil&#44; two from Colombia and one from each of the following countries&#58; Argentina&#44; Chile&#44; and Mexico&#46; Ten articles refer to the demographic and clinical findings of BD patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Two articles deal with the prevalence of BD&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> and three articles with the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 in BD patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> and are discussed separately in the corresponding section&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Demographic and clinical features</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Information from 532 patients across 5 Latin American countries was included for the analysis&#46; Mean age at disease diagnosis was 33 years &#40;min&#8211;max age&#58; 26&#46;3&#8211;42&#46;1 years&#41;&#59; 313 &#40;58&#46;3&#37;&#41; were female and 219 &#40;41&#46;7&#37;&#41; male &#40;female-to-male ratio&#58; 1&#46;4&#58;1&#41;&#44; and most patients were non-Caucasian &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common clinical manifestations were recurrent oral ulcers &#40;99&#37;&#41; and genital ulcers &#40;81&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by skin &#40;69&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; eye &#40;60&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; joint &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; neurological &#40;28&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; vascular &#40;20&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; gastrointestinal &#40;17&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; and cardiac &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41; involvement&#46; Frequencies and their 95&#37; confidence intervals for clinical findings are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">BD prevalence in Latin American countries</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of BD was described in 2 studies&#46; Tunes et al&#46; from Brazil reported a prevalence of 0&#46;3&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants in Bahia State &#40;Northeast of Brazil&#41;&#44; and more recently&#44; Fern&#225;ndez Avila et al&#46; from Colombia reported a prevalence of 1&#46;1&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients from Latin American countries</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients and controls was described in three different countries&#44; Mexico&#44; Argentina&#44; and Brazil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> The frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 was higher in BD patients compared to healthy controls in the Argentine &#40;38&#37; vs&#46; 14&#46;1&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0012&#41; and Brazilian &#40;30&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 15&#46;5&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41; studies&#44; while no difference was observed in the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 in the Mexican &#40;9&#37; vs&#46; 5&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;24&#41; study&#46; Non-Caucasian ethnicity predominated in all series&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> In the Argentine study&#44; Mestizo &#40;20&#47;34&#44; 58&#46;8&#37;&#41; population accounted for most ethnicity&#44; followed by Caucasian &#40;8&#47;34&#44; 23&#46;5&#37;&#41; and Amerindian &#40;6&#47;34&#44; 17&#46;7&#37;&#41; subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Belem et al&#46; from Brazil reported that 71&#37; of BD patients were non-Caucasian&#44; and most of them &#40;65&#46;1&#37;&#41; were born in the Southeast region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> In the study carried out by Soto Vega et al&#46; all BD patients were Mexican Mestizos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Latin America is an ethnic-geographical concept that emerged in the 19th century to identify a region of the American continent where most languages are derived from Latin &#40;mainly Spanish or Portuguese and&#44; to a lesser extent&#44; French&#41;&#46; The concept was introduced to differentiate between regions of the continent with Latin&#44; Catholic and mestizo influence&#44; and those characterized by the Anglo-Saxon&#44; Protestant culture&#44; with little or no miscegenation&#46; However&#44; Latin America is a vast region with heterogeneous geographic&#44; ethnic&#44; socioeconomic&#44; and cultural characteristics&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> This fact could modify features of BD&#44; such as its prevalence&#44; genetics&#44; clinical findings&#44; and prognosis&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Through a systematic literature review&#44; we described the demographic&#44; clinical features&#44; and HLA-B&#42;51 allele frequency of BD in Latin American countries&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data on the prevalence of BD in Latin American countries is scarce&#44; with only 2 studies reported on this topic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> In 2008 Tunes et al&#46; from Brazil reported a prevalence of 0&#46;3&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants in Bahia State &#40;Northeast Brazil&#41;&#44; with a total population of 385&#44;109&#46; The study objective was to evaluate the prevalence of BS in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration &#40;RAU&#41; followed up in a specialized ambulatory clinic from a university institution&#46; Furthermore&#44; cases of BS with less symptomatic oral aphthae&#44; and hence not meeting the RAU criteria are not included in this study&#46; Therefore&#44; the authors stated that the prevalence of BD in the population could be underestimated due to the &#8220;excluded third party&#8221; bias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> More recently&#44; Fern&#225;ndez Avila et al&#46; from Colombia reported a prevalence of 1&#46;1&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#46; Their study was designed to establish the prevalence of BD in Colombia based on the administrative clinical records from the Ministry of Health&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> These studies showed a low prevalence of BD in our region&#44; similar to that in North America &#40;0&#46;3&#8211;5&#46;2&#47;100&#44;000&#41; or Northern European countries &#40;prevalence range 02&#8211;4&#46;9&#47;100&#44;000&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BD demographic and clinical features differ worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In this SLR&#44; the mean age at disease onset was 33 years &#40;range 26&#46;3&#8211;42&#46;1&#41;&#44; which is in agreement with previous reports of disease onset in the third&#47;fourth decade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The female-to-male ratio was 1&#46;4&#58;1&#59; this slight female gender predominance is consistent with the results described in North America and Western European countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> The frequency of major clinical manifestations suggests that BD pattern in Latin America is similar to that described in other regions where this condition is endemic&#46; In order of frequency&#44; oral and genital ulcers&#44; skin&#44; eye&#44; and joint involvement were the most commonly observed manifestations&#46; Similar results were shown in large series of BD patients from endemic areas&#46; Gastrointestinal &#40;GI&#41; involvement is an uncommon manifestation in BD&#44; except in Japan&#44; where the reported prevalence is higher than in the rest of the countries&#47;regions worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Interestingly&#44; in this SRL&#44; the frequency of GI manifestation &#40;17&#46;5&#37;&#41; was even higher than that reported in Japan &#40;14&#37;&#41;&#46; Soto-Vega et al&#46; reported that 7 of 32 &#40;22&#37;&#41; BD patients had GI lesions&#59; however&#44; the study failed to outline the type of lesions they presented&#46; Toro Giraldo et al&#46; reported a high frequency of GI involvement &#40;8&#47;20&#59; 40&#37;&#41;&#46; The type and frequency of manifestation were abdominal pain &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#44; mucosal ulcerative lesion &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#44; lower GI bleeding &#40;20&#37;&#41;&#44; recurrent diarrhea &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#44; and intestinal perforation &#40;5&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Tunes et al&#46; reported a very high frequency of GI manifestation &#40;10&#47;16&#59; 65&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#59; however&#44; except for gastroduodenitis &#40;18&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; no other manifestation was mentioned in their cohort&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HLA-B&#42;51 allele is known to be an important susceptibility gene in BD&#44; regardless of geographical region and ethnicity&#44; with a close correlation between the geographical distribution of HLA-B&#42;51 and prevalence of BD&#46; De Menthon et al&#46; in a systematic literature review and meta-analysis observed that the pooled prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele was 57&#46;2&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI 53&#46;4&#8211;60&#46;9&#41; and 18&#46;1 &#40;95&#37; CI 16&#46;1&#8211;20&#46;3&#41; for BD patients and healthy controls&#44; respectively&#46; The OR of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele carriers to develop BD compared with non-carriers was 5&#46;78 &#40;95&#37; CI 5&#46;00&#8211;6&#46;67&#41;&#46; The subgroup analyses stratifying studies by geographic locations showed the highest prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele in BD patients from Eastern Asia&#44; Middle East&#47;North Africa&#44; and Southern Europe &#40;prevalence range 55&#8211;63&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The OR range &#40;5&#46;18&#8211;7&#46;20&#41; for these regions was consistent with the overall OR&#46; Although the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele in BD patients &#40;39&#37;&#41; was lower in the Northern&#47;Eastern Europe region&#44; the OR &#40;5&#46;31&#59; 95&#37; CI 3&#46;35&#8211;8&#46;40&#41; continues to be consistent with the overall OR&#46; On the other hand&#44; in the North America region&#44; the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele &#40;34&#46;2&#37;&#41; was even lower than that in Northern&#47;Eastern Europe and the OR &#40;2&#46;35&#59; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;56&#8211;9&#46;82&#41; showed no association with BD presence&#46; The Latin American region was underestimated in this meta-analysis due to the lack of scientific studies evaluating the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 in BD patients&#46; In fact&#44; only one Latin American study carried out in Mexico had been included&#46; Lavalle et al&#46; in a small study &#40;10 BD patients and 105 healthy controls&#41; found that HLA-B&#42;5 &#40;HLA-B&#42;51 is a split product of HLA-B&#42;5&#41; allele was more frequent in Mexican Mestizo patients with BD than in ethnically matched controls &#40;70&#37; vs&#46; 31&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> More recently&#44; 3 Latin American studies reported the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in patients with BD and in healthy controls&#46; Soto Vega et al&#46; found no difference in the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 allele between Mexican Mestizo BD patients and healthy controls &#40;9&#37; vs&#46; 5&#37;&#59; OR 1&#46;88&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;58&#8211;5&#46;93&#41;&#46; On the other hand&#44; studies from Brazil and Argentina revealed a prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 in BD patients of 30&#46;1&#37; and 38&#37;&#44; respectively&#59; these results are similar to those reported in the Northern&#47;Eastern Europe region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> Both Brazilian and Argentine studies demonstrated an association between HLA-B&#42;51 allele and BD presence &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;34&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;32&#8211;4&#46;14 and OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;75&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;71&#8211;8&#46;19&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> It is noteworthy that the difference between Soto Vega study and Brazil and Argentina studies could be ethnic&#46; While the Mexican study included all mestizo patients&#44; Brazilian and Argentinean studies were comprised of mestizos and other ethnicities &#40;mainly Caucasian and Amerindian&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a></p><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Study limitations</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data shown and summarized in this systematic review of the literature have a bias because most of the cohorts come from Brazil&#44; which differs from Mexico&#44; Argentina&#44; Colombia&#44; and Chile in terms of ethnicity&#44; sociocultural and economic features&#44; and health access&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusions</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of BD in the Latin American region&#44; as well as the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 allele&#44; seems to be low&#59; however&#44; the strength of association between HLA-B&#42;51 and BD remains high in our population&#46; The key clinical features of BD are similar to those in countries&#47;regions where BD is endemic&#46; Finally&#44; more studies of the prevalence&#44; demographic and clinical features of BD in Latin American countries are required to confirm these findings&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Discussion"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Study limitations"
            ]
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        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interests"
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        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack686364"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgment"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-08-15"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-12-15"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1685315"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Beh&#231;et disease"
            1 => "Demographic"
            2 => "Clinical features"
            3 => "HLA-B&#42;51"
            4 => "Latin America"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1685316"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Enfermedad de Beh&#231;et"
            1 => "Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas"
            2 => "Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas"
            3 => "HLA-B&#42;51"
            4 => "Am&#233;rica Latina"
          ]
        ]
      ]
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    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe the demographic and clinical features&#44; as well as the frequency of the HLA-B&#42;51 allele in Beh&#231;et disease &#40;BD&#41; patients in Latin American countries&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A systematic literature review of PRISMA &#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis&#41; guidelines was conducted without performing a meta-analysis&#46; We included observational studies &#40;cross-sectional or cohort&#41; of BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group for BD classification criteria and reported the demographic&#44; clinical&#44; and laboratory features of the disease in adult patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twelve studies were included in the SLR&#46; Information from 532 patients across 5 Latin American countries was included for the analysis&#46; Mean age at disease diagnosis was 33 years&#44; 58&#46;3&#37; were female and 41&#46;7&#37; male&#59; most patients were non-Caucasian&#46; The most common clinical manifestations were recurrent oral ulcers and genital ulcers&#44; followed by skin&#44; eye&#44; joint&#44; neurological&#44; gastrointestinal&#44; vascular&#44; and cardiac involvement&#46; The prevalence of BD was described in 2 studies&#44; 1 conducted in Brazil that reported a prevalence of &#46;3&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#44; and another in Colombia with a prevalence of 1&#46;1&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#46; The frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients was 38&#37;&#44; 30&#46;1&#37;&#44; and 9&#37; in Argentina&#44; Brazil&#44; and Mexico&#44; respectively&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of BD in the Latin American countries seems to be low&#44; as well as the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele&#46; However&#44; the strength of association between HLA-B&#42;51 and BD remains high in our population&#46; The key clinical features of BD are like those reported in countries&#47;regions where BD is endemic&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
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            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
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      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y la frecuencia del alelo HLA-B&#42;51 en pacientes con enfermedad de Beh&#231;et &#40;EB&#41; en pa&#237;ses de Am&#233;rica Latina&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se llev&#243; a cabo una revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica de la literatura &#40;RSL&#41; seg&#250;n la gu&#237;a PRISMA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis&#41;</span> sin realizar un metaan&#225;lisis final&#46; Se incluyeron estudios observacionales &#40;transversales o de cohortes&#41; de pacientes con EB que cumplieron con los criterios de clasificaci&#243;n del Grupo Internacional de Estudio de la EB e informaron las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y de laboratorio en pacientes adultos con EB&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Doce estudios fueron incluidos para la RSL&#46; La informaci&#243;n de 532 pacientes provenientes de 5 pa&#237;ses de Am&#233;rica Latina se incluy&#243; para el an&#225;lisis&#46; La edad media al diagn&#243;stico fue de 33 a&#241;os&#44; el 58&#44;3&#37; fueron mujeres y el 41&#44;7&#37; hombres&#59; la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes fueron no cauc&#225;sicos&#46; Las manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas m&#225;s comunes fueron las &#250;lceras orales y genitales recurrentes&#44; seguidas del compromiso cut&#225;neo&#44; ocular&#44; articular&#44; neurol&#243;gico&#44; gastrointestinal&#44; vascular y card&#237;aco&#46; La prevalencia de la EB fue descrita en 2 estudios&#44; uno realizado en Brasil que report&#243; una prevalencia de 0&#44;3&#47;100&#46;000 habitantes&#44; y otro en Colombia con una prevalencia de 1&#44;1&#47;100&#46;000 habitantes&#46; La frecuencia del HLA-B&#42;51 en pacientes con EB fue del 38&#37;&#44; 30&#44;1&#37; y 9&#37; en Argentina&#44; Brasil y M&#233;xico&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de la EB en los pa&#237;ses latinoamericanos parece ser baja&#44; as&#237; como la frecuencia del alelo HLA-B&#42;51&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la fuerza de asociaci&#243;n entre el HLA-B&#42;51 y la EB sigue siendo alta en nuestra poblaci&#243;n&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas claves de la EB son similares a las reportadas en pa&#237;ses&#47;regiones donde es end&#233;mica&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
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            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
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          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todos"
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          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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      ]
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    "multimedia" => array:2 [
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        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chart flow&#58; identification of studies&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">95&#37; CI&#58; confidence interval 95&#37;&#59; NR&#58; not reported&#59; LATAM&#58; Latin American&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Soto-Vega et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Wurmann et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Toro Giraldo et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Mu&#241;oz et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Souza et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tunes et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Souza Neves et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>106&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diniz Oliveira et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sachetto et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>87&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Belem et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total &#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mexico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Chile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Colombia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Argentina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Brazil</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LATAM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age at diagnosis&#59; mean &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;9 &#40;NR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;29 &#40;11&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;1 &#40;11&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;13&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;6 &#40;12&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;9 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;6 &#40;9&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;7&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;26&#46;3&#8211;42&#46;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;62&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;43&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;44&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;68&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#46;3 &#40;52&#46;8&#8211;63&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;37&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;56&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;55&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;31&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;7 &#40;35&#46;2&#8211;48&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ethnicity</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Caucasian&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;23&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;36&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;81&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;8 &#40;28&#46;6&#8211;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-Caucasian&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;76&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;63&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;18&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59 &#40;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">63&#46;2 &#40;56&#46;1&#8211;70&#46;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Oral ulcers&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">34 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">50 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">106 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99 &#40;98&#46;5&#8211;99&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cutaneous manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;66&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;88&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vascular manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Neurologic manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gastrointestinal manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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Original article
Behçet disease in Latin American countries: A systematic literature review of demographic and clinical features, and HLA-B*51 allele frequency
Enfermedad de Behçet en países de Latinoamérica: Revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre datos demográficos, hallazgos clínicos y frecuencia del alelo HLA-B*51
Sebastián A. Muñoza,
Corresponding author
sebastianamunoz@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Alex Kostianovskya, Alberto Allievia, Alberto O. Ordenb
a Consultorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes (CEA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
b Clínica San Camilo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beh&#231;et disease &#40;BD&#41; is classified as an inflammatory vascular condition&#44; affecting all kind and size of vessels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Although BD is distributed worldwide&#44; its demographic and clinical features are strongly associated with the ethnic group and the geographic area involved&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The highest prevalence of BD was observed in Asia&#44; especially in Turkey&#44; Israel&#44; Iran&#44; and Japan &#40;prevalence range&#58; 13&#8211;420&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#41;&#46; In Southern and Western European countries &#40;Italy&#44; Spain&#44; and France&#41; the prevalence rate was intermediate &#40;prevalence range&#58; 1&#46;5&#8211;16&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#41;&#44; while Northern European countries &#40;Sweden&#44; England&#44; and Scotland&#41; and the United States reported the lowest prevalence &#40;prevalence range&#58; 0&#46;3&#8211;5&#46;2&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BD usually begins in the third or fourth decade of life&#44; with onset in childhood or late adulthood being rare&#46; The female&#47;male ratio varies among different ethnic groups and geographic regions&#44; with male predominance in Middle Eastern countries and female predominance in European and North American countries&#46; Most series agree that male gender has a more severe disease&#44; regardless of demographic characteristics&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The disease has a broad spectrum of clinical features and is characterized by periods of exacerbation and remission&#46; Its phenotypic expression also varies according to the ethnic group and country&#46; Skin and mucosal lesions comprising oral and genital ulcers&#44; papulopustular lesions&#44; and erythema nodosum-like lesions are observed in most patients&#46; On the other hand&#44; uveitis&#44; venous thrombosis&#44; arterial thrombosis and aneurysms&#44; nervous system and gastrointestinal involvement occur in a smaller number of patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genetic predisposition for BD is suggested by the higher concordance for BD in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The genetic approach identified associations between different genetic markers and BD&#44; with HLA-B&#42;51 allele being the strongest susceptibility factor for the disease&#46; It is estimated that carriers of HLA-B&#42;5&#47;B&#42;51 have a pooled odds ratio of 5&#46;78 for the development of BD &#40;95&#37; confidence interval&#58; 5&#8211;6&#46;7&#41; compared with non-carriers&#46; Moreover&#44; the population-attributable risk for BD concerning the presence of HLA-B&#42;5&#47;B&#42;51 within different geographic areas was estimated at 32&#8211;52&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Limited data exist on the demographic&#44; clinical features and the HLA-B&#42;51 frequency of BD in Latin American countries&#46; This region is characterized by being multi-ethnic &#40;White&#44; Mestizo&#44; African Latin Americans and Pure Amerindians&#41; and multicultural&#46; Data from the GLADEL &#40;Grupo Latino Americano De Estudio de Lupus&#41; cohort demonstrated that patients with mestizo systemic lupus erythematosus have significant differences &#40;demographic and clinical characteristics&#41; compared to white patients&#46; Indeed&#44; these differences are associated with a worsening overall prognosis for mestizo SLE patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> It is therefore necessary to better describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of BD patients in Latin America countries that may be unique to this population&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of this work was to describe through a systematic literature review &#40;SLR&#41; the demographic and clinical features&#44; as well as the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients in Latin America countries&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An SLR was carried out according to PRISMA &#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis&#41; guidelines without performing a meta-analysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Search strategy</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We searched PubMed database from inception until December 30&#44; 2021&#46; We used all possible keywords combinations with Boolean operators and the subsequent search strategy&#58; &#8220;Beh&#231;et Disease&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Argentina&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Bolivia&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Brazil&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Chile&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Colombia&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Ecuador&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Mexico&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Paraguay&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Peru&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Uruguay&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Venezuela&#8221;&#44; &#8220;Caribbean&#8221; and &#8220;Latin America&#8221;&#46; The search was restricted to the Spanish and English languages&#46; In order to improve this work&#44; a hand search was performed in the reference lists of the selected full-text articles to find additional references that could be relevant for this review&#46; Two investigators &#40;S&#46;A&#46;M&#46; &#38; A&#46;O&#46;O&#46;&#41; carried out this review&#44; analyzed each selected article&#44; and collected the data independently&#46; In case of disagreement&#44; a third investigator was consulted &#40;A&#46;A&#46;&#41;&#46; Any discrepancies were resolved through a consensus discussion&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included observational studies &#40;either cross-sectional or cohort&#41; of BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group for Beh&#231;et Disease classification criteria and reported the demographic&#44; clinical and laboratory features of the disease in adult patients &#40;&#8805;18 years&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> A minimum sample size was not an inclusion&#47;exclusion criterion for an article&#46; Studies published only as abstracts or presented at professional meetings were not included&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Data collection</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two investigators reviewed the data from the selected articles using a predetermined collection form&#46; Information about the study characteristics &#40;design&#44; country&#44; sample size&#41;&#44; number of participants&#44; gender&#44; ethnicity&#44; age at diagnosis&#44; clinical and laboratory features was gathered&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The studies selected were summarized using a narrative synthesis approach&#46; Summary tables and structured narrative were used to descriptively summarize and compare each of the studies herein included&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Ethical aspects</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The research methods were in conformity with the principles of the Helsinki Declarations&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The literature search yielded 86 articles&#44; as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46; A total of 74 articles were excluded for several reasons&#44; and 12 were considered for analysis in this SLR&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10&#8211;20</span></a> Seven articles were from Brazil&#44; two from Colombia and one from each of the following countries&#58; Argentina&#44; Chile&#44; and Mexico&#46; Ten articles refer to the demographic and clinical findings of BD patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46; Two articles deal with the prevalence of BD&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> and three articles with the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 in BD patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> and are discussed separately in the corresponding section&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Demographic and clinical features</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Information from 532 patients across 5 Latin American countries was included for the analysis&#46; Mean age at disease diagnosis was 33 years &#40;min&#8211;max age&#58; 26&#46;3&#8211;42&#46;1 years&#41;&#59; 313 &#40;58&#46;3&#37;&#41; were female and 219 &#40;41&#46;7&#37;&#41; male &#40;female-to-male ratio&#58; 1&#46;4&#58;1&#41;&#44; and most patients were non-Caucasian &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most common clinical manifestations were recurrent oral ulcers &#40;99&#37;&#41; and genital ulcers &#40;81&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by skin &#40;69&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; eye &#40;60&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; joint &#40;52&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; neurological &#40;28&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#44; vascular &#40;20&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#44; gastrointestinal &#40;17&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; and cardiac &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41; involvement&#46; Frequencies and their 95&#37; confidence intervals for clinical findings are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">BD prevalence in Latin American countries</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of BD was described in 2 studies&#46; Tunes et al&#46; from Brazil reported a prevalence of 0&#46;3&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants in Bahia State &#40;Northeast of Brazil&#41;&#44; and more recently&#44; Fern&#225;ndez Avila et al&#46; from Colombia reported a prevalence of 1&#46;1&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients from Latin American countries</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients and controls was described in three different countries&#44; Mexico&#44; Argentina&#44; and Brazil&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> The frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 was higher in BD patients compared to healthy controls in the Argentine &#40;38&#37; vs&#46; 14&#46;1&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;0012&#41; and Brazilian &#40;30&#46;1&#37; vs&#46; 15&#46;5&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;003&#41; studies&#44; while no difference was observed in the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 in the Mexican &#40;9&#37; vs&#46; 5&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;24&#41; study&#46; Non-Caucasian ethnicity predominated in all series&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;16</span></a> In the Argentine study&#44; Mestizo &#40;20&#47;34&#44; 58&#46;8&#37;&#41; population accounted for most ethnicity&#44; followed by Caucasian &#40;8&#47;34&#44; 23&#46;5&#37;&#41; and Amerindian &#40;6&#47;34&#44; 17&#46;7&#37;&#41; subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Belem et al&#46; from Brazil reported that 71&#37; of BD patients were non-Caucasian&#44; and most of them &#40;65&#46;1&#37;&#41; were born in the Southeast region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> In the study carried out by Soto Vega et al&#46; all BD patients were Mexican Mestizos&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Discussion</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Latin America is an ethnic-geographical concept that emerged in the 19th century to identify a region of the American continent where most languages are derived from Latin &#40;mainly Spanish or Portuguese and&#44; to a lesser extent&#44; French&#41;&#46; The concept was introduced to differentiate between regions of the continent with Latin&#44; Catholic and mestizo influence&#44; and those characterized by the Anglo-Saxon&#44; Protestant culture&#44; with little or no miscegenation&#46; However&#44; Latin America is a vast region with heterogeneous geographic&#44; ethnic&#44; socioeconomic&#44; and cultural characteristics&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> This fact could modify features of BD&#44; such as its prevalence&#44; genetics&#44; clinical findings&#44; and prognosis&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Through a systematic literature review&#44; we described the demographic&#44; clinical features&#44; and HLA-B&#42;51 allele frequency of BD in Latin American countries&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data on the prevalence of BD in Latin American countries is scarce&#44; with only 2 studies reported on this topic&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> In 2008 Tunes et al&#46; from Brazil reported a prevalence of 0&#46;3&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants in Bahia State &#40;Northeast Brazil&#41;&#44; with a total population of 385&#44;109&#46; The study objective was to evaluate the prevalence of BS in patients with recurrent aphthous ulceration &#40;RAU&#41; followed up in a specialized ambulatory clinic from a university institution&#46; Furthermore&#44; cases of BS with less symptomatic oral aphthae&#44; and hence not meeting the RAU criteria are not included in this study&#46; Therefore&#44; the authors stated that the prevalence of BD in the population could be underestimated due to the &#8220;excluded third party&#8221; bias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> More recently&#44; Fern&#225;ndez Avila et al&#46; from Colombia reported a prevalence of 1&#46;1&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#46; Their study was designed to establish the prevalence of BD in Colombia based on the administrative clinical records from the Ministry of Health&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> These studies showed a low prevalence of BD in our region&#44; similar to that in North America &#40;0&#46;3&#8211;5&#46;2&#47;100&#44;000&#41; or Northern European countries &#40;prevalence range 02&#8211;4&#46;9&#47;100&#44;000&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BD demographic and clinical features differ worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In this SLR&#44; the mean age at disease onset was 33 years &#40;range 26&#46;3&#8211;42&#46;1&#41;&#44; which is in agreement with previous reports of disease onset in the third&#47;fourth decade&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> The female-to-male ratio was 1&#46;4&#58;1&#59; this slight female gender predominance is consistent with the results described in North America and Western European countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> The frequency of major clinical manifestations suggests that BD pattern in Latin America is similar to that described in other regions where this condition is endemic&#46; In order of frequency&#44; oral and genital ulcers&#44; skin&#44; eye&#44; and joint involvement were the most commonly observed manifestations&#46; Similar results were shown in large series of BD patients from endemic areas&#46; Gastrointestinal &#40;GI&#41; involvement is an uncommon manifestation in BD&#44; except in Japan&#44; where the reported prevalence is higher than in the rest of the countries&#47;regions worldwide&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Interestingly&#44; in this SRL&#44; the frequency of GI manifestation &#40;17&#46;5&#37;&#41; was even higher than that reported in Japan &#40;14&#37;&#41;&#46; Soto-Vega et al&#46; reported that 7 of 32 &#40;22&#37;&#41; BD patients had GI lesions&#59; however&#44; the study failed to outline the type of lesions they presented&#46; Toro Giraldo et al&#46; reported a high frequency of GI involvement &#40;8&#47;20&#59; 40&#37;&#41;&#46; The type and frequency of manifestation were abdominal pain &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#44; mucosal ulcerative lesion &#40;25&#37;&#41;&#44; lower GI bleeding &#40;20&#37;&#41;&#44; recurrent diarrhea &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#44; and intestinal perforation &#40;5&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Tunes et al&#46; reported a very high frequency of GI manifestation &#40;10&#47;16&#59; 65&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#59; however&#44; except for gastroduodenitis &#40;18&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; no other manifestation was mentioned in their cohort&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HLA-B&#42;51 allele is known to be an important susceptibility gene in BD&#44; regardless of geographical region and ethnicity&#44; with a close correlation between the geographical distribution of HLA-B&#42;51 and prevalence of BD&#46; De Menthon et al&#46; in a systematic literature review and meta-analysis observed that the pooled prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele was 57&#46;2&#37; &#40;95&#37; CI 53&#46;4&#8211;60&#46;9&#41; and 18&#46;1 &#40;95&#37; CI 16&#46;1&#8211;20&#46;3&#41; for BD patients and healthy controls&#44; respectively&#46; The OR of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele carriers to develop BD compared with non-carriers was 5&#46;78 &#40;95&#37; CI 5&#46;00&#8211;6&#46;67&#41;&#46; The subgroup analyses stratifying studies by geographic locations showed the highest prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele in BD patients from Eastern Asia&#44; Middle East&#47;North Africa&#44; and Southern Europe &#40;prevalence range 55&#8211;63&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The OR range &#40;5&#46;18&#8211;7&#46;20&#41; for these regions was consistent with the overall OR&#46; Although the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele in BD patients &#40;39&#37;&#41; was lower in the Northern&#47;Eastern Europe region&#44; the OR &#40;5&#46;31&#59; 95&#37; CI 3&#46;35&#8211;8&#46;40&#41; continues to be consistent with the overall OR&#46; On the other hand&#44; in the North America region&#44; the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51&#47;B&#42;5 allele &#40;34&#46;2&#37;&#41; was even lower than that in Northern&#47;Eastern Europe and the OR &#40;2&#46;35&#59; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;56&#8211;9&#46;82&#41; showed no association with BD presence&#46; The Latin American region was underestimated in this meta-analysis due to the lack of scientific studies evaluating the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 in BD patients&#46; In fact&#44; only one Latin American study carried out in Mexico had been included&#46; Lavalle et al&#46; in a small study &#40;10 BD patients and 105 healthy controls&#41; found that HLA-B&#42;5 &#40;HLA-B&#42;51 is a split product of HLA-B&#42;5&#41; allele was more frequent in Mexican Mestizo patients with BD than in ethnically matched controls &#40;70&#37; vs&#46; 31&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> More recently&#44; 3 Latin American studies reported the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in patients with BD and in healthy controls&#46; Soto Vega et al&#46; found no difference in the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 allele between Mexican Mestizo BD patients and healthy controls &#40;9&#37; vs&#46; 5&#37;&#59; OR 1&#46;88&#44; 95&#37; CI 0&#46;58&#8211;5&#46;93&#41;&#46; On the other hand&#44; studies from Brazil and Argentina revealed a prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 in BD patients of 30&#46;1&#37; and 38&#37;&#44; respectively&#59; these results are similar to those reported in the Northern&#47;Eastern Europe region&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a> Both Brazilian and Argentine studies demonstrated an association between HLA-B&#42;51 allele and BD presence &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&#46;34&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;32&#8211;4&#46;14 and OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#46;75&#44; 95&#37; CI 1&#46;71&#8211;8&#46;19&#44; respectively&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> It is noteworthy that the difference between Soto Vega study and Brazil and Argentina studies could be ethnic&#46; While the Mexican study included all mestizo patients&#44; Brazilian and Argentinean studies were comprised of mestizos and other ethnicities &#40;mainly Caucasian and Amerindian&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;17&#44;18</span></a></p><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Study limitations</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data shown and summarized in this systematic review of the literature have a bias because most of the cohorts come from Brazil&#44; which differs from Mexico&#44; Argentina&#44; Colombia&#44; and Chile in terms of ethnicity&#44; sociocultural and economic features&#44; and health access&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusions</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of BD in the Latin American region&#44; as well as the prevalence of HLA-B&#42;51 allele&#44; seems to be low&#59; however&#44; the strength of association between HLA-B&#42;51 and BD remains high in our population&#46; The key clinical features of BD are similar to those in countries&#47;regions where BD is endemic&#46; Finally&#44; more studies of the prevalence&#44; demographic and clinical features of BD in Latin American countries are required to confirm these findings&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
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              "titulo" => "BD prevalence in Latin American countries"
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              "titulo" => "Frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients from Latin American countries"
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    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-12-15"
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            1 => "Demographic"
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            0 => "Enfermedad de Beh&#231;et"
            1 => "Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas"
            2 => "Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas"
            3 => "HLA-B&#42;51"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To describe the demographic and clinical features&#44; as well as the frequency of the HLA-B&#42;51 allele in Beh&#231;et disease &#40;BD&#41; patients in Latin American countries&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A systematic literature review of PRISMA &#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis&#41; guidelines was conducted without performing a meta-analysis&#46; We included observational studies &#40;cross-sectional or cohort&#41; of BD patients fulfilling the International Study Group for BD classification criteria and reported the demographic&#44; clinical&#44; and laboratory features of the disease in adult patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Twelve studies were included in the SLR&#46; Information from 532 patients across 5 Latin American countries was included for the analysis&#46; Mean age at disease diagnosis was 33 years&#44; 58&#46;3&#37; were female and 41&#46;7&#37; male&#59; most patients were non-Caucasian&#46; The most common clinical manifestations were recurrent oral ulcers and genital ulcers&#44; followed by skin&#44; eye&#44; joint&#44; neurological&#44; gastrointestinal&#44; vascular&#44; and cardiac involvement&#46; The prevalence of BD was described in 2 studies&#44; 1 conducted in Brazil that reported a prevalence of &#46;3&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#44; and another in Colombia with a prevalence of 1&#46;1&#47;100&#44;000 inhabitants&#46; The frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele in BD patients was 38&#37;&#44; 30&#46;1&#37;&#44; and 9&#37; in Argentina&#44; Brazil&#44; and Mexico&#44; respectively&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of BD in the Latin American countries seems to be low&#44; as well as the frequency of HLA-B&#42;51 allele&#46; However&#44; the strength of association between HLA-B&#42;51 and BD remains high in our population&#46; The key clinical features of BD are like those reported in countries&#47;regions where BD is endemic&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Describir las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y la frecuencia del alelo HLA-B&#42;51 en pacientes con enfermedad de Beh&#231;et &#40;EB&#41; en pa&#237;ses de Am&#233;rica Latina&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se llev&#243; a cabo una revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica de la literatura &#40;RSL&#41; seg&#250;n la gu&#237;a PRISMA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis&#41;</span> sin realizar un metaan&#225;lisis final&#46; Se incluyeron estudios observacionales &#40;transversales o de cohortes&#41; de pacientes con EB que cumplieron con los criterios de clasificaci&#243;n del Grupo Internacional de Estudio de la EB e informaron las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y de laboratorio en pacientes adultos con EB&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Doce estudios fueron incluidos para la RSL&#46; La informaci&#243;n de 532 pacientes provenientes de 5 pa&#237;ses de Am&#233;rica Latina se incluy&#243; para el an&#225;lisis&#46; La edad media al diagn&#243;stico fue de 33 a&#241;os&#44; el 58&#44;3&#37; fueron mujeres y el 41&#44;7&#37; hombres&#59; la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes fueron no cauc&#225;sicos&#46; Las manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas m&#225;s comunes fueron las &#250;lceras orales y genitales recurrentes&#44; seguidas del compromiso cut&#225;neo&#44; ocular&#44; articular&#44; neurol&#243;gico&#44; gastrointestinal&#44; vascular y card&#237;aco&#46; La prevalencia de la EB fue descrita en 2 estudios&#44; uno realizado en Brasil que report&#243; una prevalencia de 0&#44;3&#47;100&#46;000 habitantes&#44; y otro en Colombia con una prevalencia de 1&#44;1&#47;100&#46;000 habitantes&#46; La frecuencia del HLA-B&#42;51 en pacientes con EB fue del 38&#37;&#44; 30&#44;1&#37; y 9&#37; en Argentina&#44; Brasil y M&#233;xico&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La prevalencia de la EB en los pa&#237;ses latinoamericanos parece ser baja&#44; as&#237; como la frecuencia del alelo HLA-B&#42;51&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la fuerza de asociaci&#243;n entre el HLA-B&#42;51 y la EB sigue siendo alta en nuestra poblaci&#243;n&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas claves de la EB son similares a las reportadas en pa&#237;ses&#47;regiones donde es end&#233;mica&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">95&#37; CI&#58; confidence interval 95&#37;&#59; NR&#58; not reported&#59; LATAM&#58; Latin American&#59; SD&#58; standard deviation&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Soto-Vega et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>32&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Wurmann et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Toro Giraldo et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Mu&#241;oz et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Souza et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tunes et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Souza Neves et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>106&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diniz Oliveira et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sachetto et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>87&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Belem et al&#46; &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>83&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Total &#37; &#40;95&#37; CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Country&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mexico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Chile&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Colombia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Argentina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="6" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Brazil</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LATAM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age at diagnosis&#59; mean &#40;SD&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#46;9 &#40;NR&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;29 &#40;11&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&#46;1 &#40;11&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35 &#40;13&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&#46;6 &#40;12&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;9 &#40;9&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#46;6 &#40;9&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;7&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;26&#46;3&#8211;42&#46;1&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;62&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;43&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;44&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">73 &#40;68&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;55&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47 &#40;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;56&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#46;3 &#40;52&#46;8&#8211;63&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;37&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25 &#40;56&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;55&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;31&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#46;7 &#40;35&#46;2&#8211;48&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ethnicity</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Caucasian&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;23&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;36&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;81&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&#46;8 &#40;28&#46;6&#8211;45&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-Caucasian&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cutaneous manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Erythema nodosum&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Papulopustular lesions&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genital manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ocular manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Joint manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vascular manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cardiac manifestation&#59; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">NR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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ISSN: 21735743
Original language: English
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