Article information
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of heterogeneous, acquired systemic diseases characterized by progressive symmetrical muscle weakness, elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic abnormalities, and inflammatory infiltrates on muscle biopsy. Characteristic histopathologic features allow classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies into polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and sporadic inclusion-body myositis. These are commonly regarded as autoimmune disorders, and various autoantibodies directed to specific nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens are found. Other organs besides the muscle can be involved being the skin and lung the most frequent. Occasionally dermatomyositis and polymyositis can be associated with cancer in a paraneoplastic manner. Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstay therapy, although in refractory cases biologic therapy can be used. Physical therapy can not be forgotten.
Key words:
Inflammatory myopathy
Dermatomyositis
Polymyositis
Inclusion body myositis
Las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades cuya principal característica es la debilidad muscular y la identificación de una inflamación subyacente en la biopsia muscular. Se incluyen en este grupo la dermatomiositis, la polimiositis y recientemente la miositis con cuerpos de inclusión, con toda probabilidad la menos inflamatoria y también la miopatía adquirida más frecuentemente a partir de los 50 años. Aunque el principal órgano diana es el músculo, la piel y el pulmón, entre otros órganos internos, se afectan con frecuencia, por lo que las miopatías inflamatorias se consideran enfermedades sistémicas. En ocasiones pueden asociarse a cáncer y la presencia de autoanticuerpos específicos y asociados a estas enfermedades sustenta la etiología autoinmune del proceso y ayuda a categorizar a los pacientes. El tratamiento incluye la administración de glucocorticoides, inmunodepresores y puntualmente terapias biológicas, sin descuidar la rehabilitación incluso en la fase aguda de la enfermedad.
Palabras clave:
Miopatías inflamatorias
Dermatomiositis
Polimiositis
Miositis con cuerpos de inclusion
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