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El microquimerismo fetal es la presencia de células fetalesen tejidos maternos y viceversa, es decir, la coexistencia de2 poblaciones celulares diferentes, originadas enindividuos genéticamente distintos, presentes en un soloindividuo. La causa más frecuente es el microquimerismoasociado al embarazo debido a un intercambiobidireccional de células feto-madre, lo cual sucededurante el embarazo y el parto.
Las células fetales se han demostrado en los tejidos depacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas, endocrinas oinfecciosas, así como en sujetos sanos.
La enfermedad en la que mejor se ha demostrado el papeldel microquimerismo es la esclerosis sistémica. Se sugiereque, durante el embarazo, las células fetales o maternasalógenas atraviesan la placenta de forma bidireccional ypersisten en la circulación y tejidos de ambos,posteriormente son activadas e inician una reaccióninjerto contra huésped, relacionada con el inicio de lasmanifestaciones clínicas. También se ha demostradoalgún papel del microquimerismo en otras enfermedadesdel tejido conectivo.
Palabras clave:
Microquimerismo
Complejo principalde histocompatibilidad
Esclerosis sistémica
Síndromede Sjögren
Hibridización in situ
Fetal microchimerism is the presence of fetal cells inmaternal tissues and vice versa, i.e., the coexistence of2 different cellular populations from genetically differentindividuals within a single person. The most frequentcause of microchimerism is pregnancy, in which there is abi-directional fetal-maternal interchange of cells duringpregnancy and delivery.
Fetal cells have been demonstrated in the tissues ofpatients with rheumatic, endocrine or infectious diseases,as well as in those of healthy individuals.
Microchimerism has been most extensively studied insystemic sclerosis. It seems that during pregnancyallogenic fetal or maternal cells cross the placenta bidirectionallyand persist in the systemic circulation andtissues of both mother and child. Subsequently, they areactivated, resulting in is a graft-against-host reactionassociated with the onset of clinical manifestations.Microchimerism has been also studied in otherconnective tissue diseases.
Key words:
Microchimerism
Major histocompatibilitycomplex
Systemic sclerosis
Sjögren’s syndrome
In situhybridization
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