Journal Information
Vol. 2. Issue 4.
Pages 173-182 (July - August 2006)
Vol. 2. Issue 4.
Pages 173-182 (July - August 2006)
Originales
Full text access
Revisión sistemática: ¿es recomendable el empleo de toxina botulínica como tratamiento del dolor en el síndrome miofascial?
Systematic review: can botulinum toxin be recommended as treatment for pain in myofascial syndrome?
Visits
11475
Claudia Alejandra Peredaa,
Corresponding author
pereda1963@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dra. C.A. Pereda. Reumatología. Clínica Mediterráneo. Nueva Musa, s/n. 04007 Almería. España.
, Jacqueline Usón Jaegerb, Loreto Carmonac
a Reumatología. Clínica Mediterráneo. Almería. España
b Reumatología. Hospital de Móstoles. Madrid. España
c Unidad de Investigación. Fundación Española de Reumatología. Madrid. España.
This item has received
Article information

El dolor miofascial tiene un posible componente de contractura muscular.

Objetivos

Dado que la toxina botulínica ha resultado beneficiosa en enfermedades asociadas a hipertonía, se quiso evaluar la eficacia de la toxina botulínica en la reducción del dolor en el síndrome miofascial (SM).

Métodos

Se realizó una revisión sistemática con búsqueda en Medline, EMBASE y Cochrane Library Plus de todos los ensayos clínicos de toxina botulínica en dolor regional. Además, se efectuó una búsqueda manual entre los resúmenes de los congresos del ACR y EULAR de los últimos 3 años. Los estudios seleccionados fueron revisados y analizados de forma independiente por 2 revisoras.

Resultados

Ocho estudios cumplían los criterios de inclusión, y la calidad etodológica general fue baja. Toxina botulínica se comparó frente a solución salina fisiológica en 6 tudios, frente a esteroides en 2 y frente a lidocaína y aguja seca en 1 (brazo de 1 estudio). La población estudiada incluía cervicalgia (n=3), lumbalgia (n=2), síndrome piriforme (n=2), untos gatillo varios (n=1) y voluntarios sanos a los que se provocaba dolor (n=1). Toxina botulínica mostró una cierta ventaja sobre placebo y corticoides. Un metaanálisis de los 3 estudios con medidas de eficacia agrupables dio como resultado una diferencia media ponderada en una escala visual analógica de dolor de 0-10 de −2,72 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, −3,86 a −1,58). Sin embargo, toxina botulínica no mostró superioridad frente a lidocaína (p>0,016).

Conclusiones

La evidencia en esta revisión no permite confirmar la efectividad de toxina botulínica A o B en el tratamiento del SM. Son necesarios estudios rigurosos, de mayor calidad y a largo plazo dado el alto coste de la toxina botulínica.

Palabras clave:
Toxina botulínica
Síndrome miofascial
Revisión sistemática
Metaanálisis

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) may have an intrinsic muscle spasm component.

Aim

Since botulinum toxin has been successfully used to reduce hypertonicity in several neurological disorders, we analyzed the efficacy of botulinum toxin A or B in reducing pain in MPS.

Methods

We performed a systematic review through an electronic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Plus. All clinical trials of botulinum toxin and regional pain were selected. In addition, the abstracts of the ACR and EULAR meetings in the previous 3 years were searched manually. The studies identified were reviewed and analyzed by 2 independent reviewers.

Results

Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was generally low. Botulinum toxin was compared to saline solution (6 studies), to steroids (2 studies), and to lidocaine and dry needle (1 study arm). The population studied included persons with neck pain (n=3), low back pain (n=2), piriformis syndrome (n=2), several trigger points (n=1), and healthy volunteers in whom pain was provoked (n=1). Botulinum toxin showed a certain advantage over saline solution and steroids in pain control. A meta-analysis of the 3 studies with efficacy measures that could be combined showed a weighted mean difference in pain on a 0-10 visual analogue scale of -2.72 (95% CI: −3.86; −1.58). However, botulinum toxin showed no advantage over lidocaine (p>0.016).

Conclusions

Currently, there is insufficient evidence to confirm the real efficacy of botulinum toxin A and B in the treatment of MPS. Given the high cost of botulinum toxin, long-term high quality studies are required.

Key words:
Botulinum toxin
Myofascial syndrome
Systematic review
Meta-analysis
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.G. Travell, D.G. Simons.
Myofascial pain and dysfunction. The trigger point manual.
Williams & Wilkins, (1983),
[2.]
J. De Andrés, G. Cerdá-Olmedo, J.C. Valia, V. Monsalve, M.D. López-Alarcón, A. Mínguez.
Use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of chronic myofascial pain.
Clin J Pain, 19 (2003), pp. 269-275
[3.]
J.M. Pearce.
Myofascial pain, fibromyalgia or fibrositis?.
Eur Neurol, 52 (2004), pp. 67-72
[4.]
A.H. Wheeler.
Myofascial pain disorders: theory to therapy.
Drugs, 64 (2004), pp. 45-62
[5.]
S. Mense.
Neurobiological basis for the use of botulinum toxin in pain therapy.
J Neurol, 251 (2004), pp. I1-I7
[6.]
A. Berardelli, A. Carta, F. Stocchi, A. Formica, A. Agnoli, M. Manfredi.
Botulinum A toxin injection in patients with blepharospasm, torticollis and hemifacial spasm.
Ital J Neurol Sci, 11 (1990), pp. 589-593
[7.]
B.J. Snow, J.K. Tsui, M.H. Bhatt, M. Varelas, S.A. Hashimoto, D.B. Calne.
Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: a double-blind study.
Ann Neurol, 28 (1990), pp. 512-515
[8.]
M.R. Durette, A.A. Rodríguez, J.C. Agre, J.L. Silverman.
Needle electromyographic evaluation of patients with myofascial or fibromyalgic pain.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 70 (1991), pp. 154-156
[9.]
M. Porta, A. Perretti, M. Gamba, G. Luccarelli, M. Fornari.
The rationale and results of treating muscle spasm and myofascial syndromes with botulinum toxin type a.
Pain Digest, 8 (1998), pp. 346-352
[10.]
A.R. Jadad, R.A. Moore, D. Carroll, C. Jenkinson, D.J. Reynolds, D.J. Gavaghan, et al.
Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?.
Control Clin Trials, 17 (1996), pp. 1-12
[11.]
M.L. Mahowald.
Long term of intra-articular botulinum A toxin for refractory joint pain.
ACR, (2004),
[12.]
A. Kamanli, A. Kaya, S. Ozgocmen, Y. Bayik, O. Ardicoglu.
A comparative study of lidocaine, botulinum toxin type A injection and dry needling in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome.
EULAR Congress, (2003),
[13.]
A. Kamanli, A. Kaya, O. Ardicoglu, S. Ozgocmen, F.O. Zengin, Y. Bayik.
Comparison of lidocaine injection, botulinum toxin injection, and dry needling to trigger points in myofascial pain syndrome.
Rheumatol Int, 25 (2005), pp. 604-611
[14.]
W.P. Cheshire, S.W. Abashian, J.D. Mann.
Botulinum toxin in the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome.
Pain, 59 (1994), pp. 65-69
[15.]
M. Porta.
A comparative trial of botulinum toxin type A and methylprednisolone for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome and pain from chronic muscle spasm.
Pain, 85 (2000), pp. 101-105
[16.]
M.K. Childers, D.J. Wilson, S.M. Gnatz, R.R. Conway, A.K. Sherman.
Botulinum toxin type A use in piriformis muscle syndrome: a pilot study.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 81 (2002), pp. 751-759
[17.]
A.H. Wheeler, P. Goolkasian, S.S. Gretz.
A randomized, double-blind, prospective pilot study of botulinum toxin injection for refractory, unilateral, cervicothoracic, paraspinal, myofascial pain syndrome.
Spine, 23 (1998), pp. 1662-1666
[18.]
L. Foster, L. Clapp, M. Erickson, B. Jabbari.
Botulinum toxin A and chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind study.
Neurology, 56 (2001), pp. 1290-1293
[19.]
A.H. Wheeler, P. Goolkasian, S.S. Gretz.
Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of chronic neck pain.
Pain, 94 (2001), pp. 255-260
[20.]
B. Voller, T. Sycha, B. Gustorff, L. Schmetterer, S. Lehr, H.G. Eichler, et al.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study on analgesic effects of botulinum toxin A.
Neurology, 61 (2003), pp. 940-944
[21.]
M.A. Acquadro, G.E. Borodic.
Treatment of myofascial pain with botulinum A toxin.
Anesthesiology, 80 (1994), pp. 705-706
[22.]
F. Balague.
Injections and low back pain: outcome and randomized controlled trials.
Bull Hosp Joint Dis, 55 (1996), pp. 185-190
[23.]
S. Barwood, C. Baillieu, R. Boyd, K. Brereton, J. Low, G. Nattrass, et al.
Analgesic effects of botulinum toxin A: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Dev Med Child Neurol, 42 (2000), pp. 116-121
[24.]
W. Blersch, W.J. Schulte-Mattler, S. Przywara, A. May, H. Bigalke, K. Wohlfarth.
Botulinum toxin A and the cutaneous nociception in humans: a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study.
J Neurol Sci, 205 (2002), pp. 59-63
[25.]
A.T. Carrasco, L. Wescoat, A. Román.
A retrospective review of botulinum toxin type a compared with standard therapy in the treatment of lumbar myofascial back pain patients.
Pain Clin, 15 (2003), pp. 205-211
[26.]
J. De Andrés.
New advances in botulinum toxin therapy for pain.
Expert Rev Neurotherap, 2 (2002), pp. 791-799
[27.]
B.J. Freund, M. Schwartz.
Treatment of chronic cervical-associated headache with botulinum toxin A: a pilot study.
Headache, 40 (2000), pp. 231-236
[28.]
B.J. Freund, M. Schwartz.
Relief of tension-type headache symptoms insubjects with temporomandibular disorders treated with botulinum toxin-A.
Headache, 42 (2002), pp. 1033-1037
[29.]
M.A. Grazko, K.B. Polo, B. Jabbari.
Botulinum toxin A for spasticity, muscle spasms, and rigidity.
Neurology, 45 (1995), pp. 712-717
[30.]
N. Hyman, M. Barnes, B. Bhakta, A. Cozens, M. Bakheit, B. Kreczy-Kleedorfer, et al.
Botulinum toxin (Dysport) treatment of hip adductor spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging study.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 68 (2000), pp. 707-712
[31.]
D.R. Nixdorf, G. Heo, P.W. Major.
Randomized controlled trial of botulinum toxin A for chronic myogenous orofacial pain.
Pain, 99 (2002), pp. 465-473
[32.]
G.W. Paulson, W. Gill.
Botulinum toxin is unsatisfactory therapy for fibromyalgia.
Mov Disord, 11 (1996), pp. 459
[33.]
M. Porta.
Botulinum toxin type a injections for myofascial pain syndrome and tension-type headache.
Eur J Neurol, 6 (1999), pp. S103-S109
[34.]
M. Porta.
A comparative trial of botulinum toxin type a and methylprednisolone for the treatment of tension-type headache.
Pain Digest, 9 (1999), pp. 303-306
[35.]
J.D. Rollnik, O. Tanneberger, M. Schubert, U. Schneider, R. Dengler.
Treatment of tension-type headache with botulinum toxin type A: a doubleblind, placebo-controlled study.
Headache, 40 (2000), pp. 300-305
[36.]
N. Sarifakioglu, E. Sarifakioglu.
Evaluating the effects of ice application on the pain felt during botulinum toxin type-a injections: a prospective, randomized, single-blind controlled trial.
Ann Plast Surg, 53 (2004), pp. 543-546

Financiación: Fundación Española de Reumatología.

Copyright © 2006. Elsevier España S.L. Barcelona
Download PDF
Idiomas
Reumatología Clínica (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?