Journal Information
Vol. 6. Issue 5.
Pages 256-261 (September - October 2010)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 6. Issue 5.
Pages 256-261 (September - October 2010)
Full text access
Tuberculosis in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Tuberculosis en una cohorte de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
Visits
6555
Rocío González León, Rocío Garrido Rasco, Eduardo Chinchilla Palomares, Francisco José García Hernández, M. Jesús Castillo Palma, Julio Sánchez Román
Corresponding author
Unidad de Colagenosis e Hipertensión Pulmonar, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Objectives

1) To study tuberculosis (TB) infection in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare its frequency and characteristics with that of others series. 2) To look for differential characteristic among SLE patients with and without TB. 3) To investigate if there was any relationship between TB's most severe forms and higher doses of glucocorticoids (GC) or other immunosuppressants.

Patients and method

Retrospective review of medical records of 789 SLE patients and description of the clinical characteristics of 13 cases of active TB infection among them. Bibliographical search in MEDLINE-PubMed of the SLE/TB series published, using the terms: infection, tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus. Comparative study of clinical, biological and therapeutic differences between cases (SLE/ TB+) and controls (SLE/TB) using χ2 and Fisher exact test.

Results

Thirteen patients with active tuberculosis were detected (10 women, average age 36 years/SD 11.2/prevalence 1.6%). Nine (69.2%) of them were primary infections and 4 (30.8%) reactivations. Microbiological diagnosis (smear examination for acid-fast bacilli and/or culture on Lowestein-Jensen medium) was established in 11 patients (84.6%). TB Pulmonary manifestations was present in 9 patients (69.2%) and extrapulmonary manifestations were found in 8 [(61.5%); 6 of them (46%) were disseminated forms]. Nine (69.2%) patients were on GC therapy at the moment TB was diagnosed. Four of the TB patients died (30.8%). Myositis was more frequent in TB cases (P<.05). This data is similar to that reported in the literature.

Conclusions

In our series, TB mortality was high (30.8%) in a patients with SLE. Frequency of extrapulmonary forms was double than that described in the Spanish population. Patients with higher GC dose had more severe forms of TB

Keywords:
Infection
Tuberculosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Resumen
Objetivos

Analizar los casos de tuberculosis (TB) en una cohorte de pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) y comparar la frecuencia y características de la TB en nuestra serie con las de otras series publicadas; identificar características diferenciales entre los pacientes que presentaron TB y los que no la presentaron, y evaluar si las formas más graves se relacionaron con dosis más altas de glucocorticoides (GC) u otros inmunosupresores.

Material y método

Análisis descriptivo de 13 pacientes con TB de una serie de 789 pacientes con LES. Revisión de las historias clínicas de los casos. Búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE-PubMed de las series LES/TB publicadas, utilizando los términos «infection», «tuberculosis», «lupus erythematosus». Estudio comparativo de casos (LES/TB+) y controles (LES/TB–) en cuanto a las características clínicas, de laboratorio y el tratamiento realizado, mediante test χ2 y test exacto de Fisher.

Resultados

Trece pacientes estuvieron afectados por TB (10 mujeres, con edad media de 36 años; DE de 11,2, y prevalencia del 1,6%). Se diagnosticaron 9 primoinfecciones (69,2%) y 4 reactivaciones (30,8%). El diagnóstico se confirmó mediante aislamiento microbiológico (baciloscopia y/o cultivo) en 11 casos (84,6%). La afectación pulmonar fue la más frecuente (69,2%). Ocho pacientes (61,5%) presentaron formas extrapulmonares, de las que 6 (46%) fueron diseminadas. En el momento del diagnóstico, 9 pacientes (69,2%) recibían tratamiento con GC. Fallecieron 4 pacientes (30,8%). La afectación muscular fue más frecuente en el grupo casos (p<0,05).

Conclusiones

La TB en nuestra serie supuso una alta mortalidad (30,8%) en los enfermos con LES. Las formas extrapulmonares representaron el doble con respecto a la observada en la población general. Los pacientes que recibieron dosis mayores de GC fueron los que presentaron formas más graves de TB. Los datos son similares a los publicados en la mayoría de las series nacionales y extranjeras.

Palabras clave:
Infección
Tuberculosis
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
G. Zandman-Goddard, Y. Shoenfeld.
Infections and SLE.
Autoimmunity, 38 (2005), pp. 473-485
[2.]
E. Bouza, J. García Lenchuz Moya, P. Muñoz.
Infections in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Infect Dis Clin North Am, 15 (2001), pp. 335-361
[3.]
A.G. Iliopoulus, G.C. Tsokos.
Immunopathogenesis and spectrum of infections in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Semin Arthritis Rheum, 25 (1996), pp. 318-336
[4.]
B.J. Fessler.
Infectious diseases in systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factors, management and prophylaxis.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 16 (2002), pp. 281-291
[5.]
M.P. Pender.
Infection of autoreactive B lymphocytes with EBV, causing chronic autoimmune diseases.
Trends Immunol, 24 (2003), pp. 584-588
[6.]
H.A. Kim, C.D. Yoo, H.J. Baek, E.B. Lee, C. Ahn, J.S. Han, et al.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a corticosteroid–treated rheumatic disease patient population.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 16 (1998), pp. 9-13
[7.]
B.D. Pryor, S.G. Bologna, L.E. Kahl.
Risk factors for serious infection during treatment with cyclophosphamide and high-dose corticosteroids for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Arthritis Rheum, 39 (1996), pp. 1475-1482
[8.]
S.T. Victorio-Navarra, E.E. Dy, C.G. Arroyo, T.P. Torralba.
Tuberculosis among Filipino patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Semin Arthritis Rheum, 26 (1996), pp. 628-634
[9.]
M. Sayarlioglu, M. Inanc, S. Kamali, A. Cefle, O. Karaman, A. Gul, et al.
Tuberculosis in Turkish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: increased frequency of extrapulmonary localization.
Lupus, 13 (2004), pp. 274-278
[10.]
L.S. Tam, E.K. Li, S.M. Wong, C.C. Szeto.
Risk factors and clinical features for tuberculosis among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Hong Kong.
Scand J Rheumatol, 3 (2002), pp. 296-300
[11.]
J.E. Yun, S.W. Lee, T.H. Kim, J.B. Jun, S. Jung, S.C. Bae, et al.
The incidence and clinical characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis patients in Korea.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 20 (2002), pp. 127-132
[12.]
C. Balakrishnan, G. Mangat, G. Mittal, V.R. Joshi.
Tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
J Assoc Physicians India, 46 (1998), pp. 682-683
[13.]
S. Purice, S. Mitu, T. Popescu, M. Guran, M. Vintila, G. Suta.
The relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and tuberculosis.
Med Interne, 20 (1982), pp. 191-196
[14.]
P.H. Feng, T.H. Tan.
Tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Ann Rheum Dis, 41 (1982), pp. 11-14
[15.]
J.G. Erdozain, G. Ruiz-Irastorza, M.V. Egurbide, A. Martínez-Berriotxoa, C. Aguirre.
High risk of tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus?.
Lupus, 15 (2006), pp. 232-235
[16.]
C. Vadillo Font, C. Hernández García, E. Pato.
Incidencia y características de la tuberculosis en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas.
Rev Clin Esp, 203 (2003), pp. 178-182
[17.]
E.M. Tan, A.S. Cohen, J.F. Fries, A.T. Masi, D.J. McShane, N.F. Rothfield, et al.
The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Arthritis Rheum, 25 (1982), pp. 1271-1277
[18.]
World Health Organization.
Global TBC Control. Report 2005.
OMS, (2005),
[19.]
M. Balagué, A. Orcau, P. Sánchez, C. Tortajada, J.A. Caylá.
Epidemiología actual de la tuberculosis en España: hacia una mejor vigilancia y control.
Control Calidad SEIMC, (2003),
[20.]
S.L. Lui, M.F. Lam, K.C. Tse, W.K. Lo.
Reactivation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a dialysis patient after tuberculosis peritonitis.
Lupus, 11 (2002), pp. 49-51
[21.]
E.J. Borg, G. Horst, P.C. Limburg, M.H. Van Rijswijk, C.G. Kallenberg.
C-reactive protein levels during disease exacerbations and infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective longitudinal study.
J Rheumatol, 17 (1990), pp. 1642-1648
[22.]
G.J. Becker, M. Waldurger, G.R. Hughes, M.B. Pepys.
Value of serum C-reactive protein measurement in the investigation of fever in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Ann Rheum Dis, 39 (1980), pp. 50-52
[23.]
W.J. Morrow, D.A. Isenberg, H.F. Parry, M.L. Snaith.
C-reactive protein in sera from patients with systemic lupus erithematosus.
J Rheumatol, 8 (1981), pp. 599-604
[24.]
American Thoracic Society.
Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 149 (1994), pp. 1359-1374
[25.]
Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society.
Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recomendations 1998.
Thorax, 53 (1998), pp. 536-558
[26.]
S. Gaitonde, E. Pathan, A. Sule, G. Mittal, V.R. Joshi.
Efficacy of isoniazid prophylaxis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving long term steroid treatment.
Ann Rheum Dis, 61 (2002), pp. 251-253
[27.]
W.R. Gilliland, G.C. Tsokos.
Prophylactic use of antibiotics and immunisations in patients with systemic erythematosus receiving long term steroid treatment.
Ann Rheum Dis, 61 (2002), pp. 251-253
[28.]
B. Hernández Cruz, S. Ponce de León Rosales, J. Sifuentes Osornio, A. Ponce de León Garduño, E. Díaz Jouanen.
Tuberculosis prophylaxis in patients with steroid treatments and systemic rheumatic diseases. A case control study.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 17 (1999), pp. 81-87
[29.]
J.A. Caminero Luna.
¿Es la quimioprofilaxis una buena estrategia para el control de la tuberculosis?.
Med Clin (Barc), 116 (2001), pp. 223-229
Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología
Download PDF
Idiomas
Reumatología Clínica (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?