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Vol. 20. Issue 10.
Pages 517-525 (December 2024)
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Vol. 20. Issue 10.
Pages 517-525 (December 2024)
Original Article
Clinical course and flare predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in low disease activity and ultrasound remission monitored by ultrasound yearly and on-demand: A prospective 2-year observation study
Curso clínico y predictores de brotes en pacientes con artritis reumatoide en actividad de enfermedad baja y remisión por ultrasonido monitoreados anualmente y a demanda por ultrasonido: Un estudio de observación prospectivo de 2 años
Takeo Abea,
Corresponding author
abetakeo@hyo-med.ac.jp

Corresponding author.
, Masao Tamuraa,b, Kazuyuki Tsuboib, Yuko Minagawaa, Kazuteru Noguchia, Chie Ogitaa, Teppei Hashimotoa, Naoto Azumaa, Kiyoshi Matsuia
a Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-chou, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
b Department of Rheumatology Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital, 2-4 Ichiban-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo 653-0013, Japan
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.
Table 2. Clinical course of the 88 patients included in the study.
Table 3. Comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics between patients who experienced flares and those who did not.
Table 4. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis for predicting flares over 2 years.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Ultrasound (US) remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) targets synovitis absence. Tenosynovitis triggers flares. Despite increased ultrasound use, flare patterns among patients with low disease activity (LDA) and ultrasound remission, especially in real-world settings, are poorly understood. This study examined flare rates and predictors of US remission in patients without synovitis or tenosynovitis.

Materials and methods

In a study of 88 patients achieving US remission and LDA, the focus was on the time to the first flare over a 2-year follow-up. US remission, indicated by the absence of active synovitis and tenosynovitis based on a power Doppler (US-PD) score of 0, was assessed on various joints. Flares are defined by the need for additional medication or encountering a US-PD flare. They were monitored at the baseline, 1-year, and 2-year visits with further US evaluation at clinical flare-ups. Baseline factors linked to a shorter time to flare were analyzed.

Results

At 1 year, LDA and US remission rates were 75% and 92%, respectively, and at 2 years, 73% and 87% respectively. Over the 2 years, 40% experienced flare, occurring on average at 11.7±7.0 months. Notably, 5.7% have US-PD flares without clinical signs. Analysis revealed Stage III disease and CRP as factors linked to a shorter time to flare.

Discussion and conclusions

In patients with RA achieving LDA and US remission, frequent flares were observed with US remission over 2 years, but most maintained sustained remission. Baseline factors are essential for predicting flares, emphasizing continuous monitoring and personalized treatment to sustain remission and minimize flare risks in RA management.

Keywords:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Ultrasound remission
Flare
Tenosynovitis
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La remisión por ultrasonido (US) en la artritis reumatoide (AR) busca la ausencia de sinovitis y tenosinovitis, cuya presencia puede desencadenar brotes. Este estudio analiza las tasas de brotes y sus predictores en pacientes con baja actividad de la enfermedad (ABE) y remisión por US.

Materiales y métodos

Se siguió a 88 pacientes con remisión por US y ABE durante dos años, evaluando el tiempo hasta el primer brote. Los brotes se definieron por la necesidad de medicación adicional o por la detección de brotes de US-PD (ultrasonido-Power Doppler). Se realizaron evaluaciones de US al inicio, y a los uno y dos años, además de durante los brotes clínicos.

Resultados

Al año, 75% de los pacientes mantuvieron ABE y 92% remisión por US; a los dos años, estos porcentajes fueron 73% y 87%, respectivamente. El 40% experimentó brotes, generalmente a los 11,7±7,0 meses. Un 5,7% presentó brotes de US-PD sin síntomas clínicos. La etapa III y la proteína C-reactiva (CRP) fueron identificadas como factores de riesgo para un brote más temprano.

Discusión y conclusiones

A pesar de los frecuentes brotes, la mayoría de los pacientes con AR mantuvieron remisión sostenida durante los dos años de estudio. Los factores basales son cruciales para predecir brotes, lo que subraya la importancia del monitoreo continuo y un tratamiento personalizado para mantener la remisión y reducir el riesgo de brotes en el manejo de la AR.

Palabras clave:
Artritis reumatoide
Remisión por ultrasonido
Brote
Tenosinovitis

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