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Vol. 22. Issue 1.
(January 2026)
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Vol. 22. Issue 1.
(January 2026)
Original article

Impact of MEFV gene variants on clinical presentation in Familial Mediterranean Fever: A focus on Exon 2 mutations

Impacto de las variantes del gen MEFV en la presentación clínica de la fiebre mediterránea familiar: enfoque en las mutaciones del exón 2
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Bilal Kulaksiza, Beste Acarb, Oguzhan Omer Kizilkayab, Berkay Aktasb, Serdal Ugurluc,
Corresponding author
serdalugurlu@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey
b Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
c Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Aim

Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation, demographics and colchicine response in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients with Exon 2 mutations (E148Q, R202Q) compared to those with Exon 10 mutations.

Methods

A single-center retrospective study was conducted on 98 adult FMF patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2019. Medical records of 41 patients with Exon 2 and 57 patients with Exon 10 mutations were reviewed. In Exon 2 group, 3 patients were homozygous for E148Q, 33 were heterozygous (21 with E148Q, 12 with R202Q), and 5 were compound heterozygous for E148Q and R202Q. In the Exon 10 group, 20 patients were homozygous for M694V, 18 were heterozygous, and 19 had compound heterozygous mutations involving M694V and other Exon 10 variants (V726A, M680I, A744S, R761H). Data on demographics, symptom onset, clinical manifestations, family history, colchicine response were analyzed.

Results

Patients with Exon 2 mutations were older at symptom onset (p<0.001) and had fewer family histories (p<0.001). Typical FMF symptoms like fever (p=0.030) and abdominal pain (p=0.018) were more common in Exon 10 patients. Conversely, musculoskeletal symptoms, including arthralgia (p=0.004) and myalgia (p=0.013), were more frequent in Exon 2 patients. Both groups had similar rates of amyloidosis (p=1.0). Colchicine was effective in 91.7% of Exon 2 patients and 96.4% of Exon 10 patients (p=0.376).

Conclusion

Exon 2 mutations are associated with atypical presentations in FMF. Arthralgia and myalgia presentations are mostly indicative of Exon 2 variant, while a family history and earlier age of symptom onset are characteristic of Exon 10 variant. Clinicians should recognize the complex nature of FMF and adopt a personalized approach.

Keywords:
Familial Mediterranean Fever
MEFV gene
Exon 2
E148Q
R202Q
M694V
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar la presentación clínica, la demografía y la respuesta a la colchicina en pacientes con fiebre mediterránea familiar (FMF) con mutaciones en el exón 2 (E148Q, R202Q) en comparación con mutaciones en el exón 10.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico en 98 adultos con FMF diagnosticados entre 2009-2019. Se revisaron los registros de 41 pacientes con mutaciones en el exón 2 y 57 en el exón 10. En el exón 2, tres pacientes eran homocigotos para E148Q, 33 heterocigotos (21 E148Q, 12 R202Q) y cinco heterocigotos compuestos (E148Q/R202Q). En el exón 10, 20 pacientes eran homocigotos para M694V, 18 heterocigotos y 19 tenían mutaciones heterocigotas compuestas con M694V y otras variantes (V726A, M680I, A744S, R761H). Se analizaron datos de demografía, inicio de síntomas, manifestaciones clínicas, antecedentes familiares y respuesta a colchicina.

Resultados

Pacientes con mutaciones en el exón 2 tuvieron mayor edad al inicio de síntomas (p<0,001) y menos antecedentes familiares (p<0,001). La fiebre (p=0,030) y el dolor abdominal (p=0,018) fueron más comunes en el exón 10, mientras que la artralgia (p=0,004) y mialgia (p=0,013) fueron más frecuentes en el exón 2. Ambos grupos tuvieron tasas similares de amiloidosis (p=1,0). Colchicina fue efectiva en el 85,7% del exón 2 y el 93% del exón 10 (p=0,376).

Conclusión

Las mutaciones del exón 2 se asocian con formas atípicas de FMF. La artralgia y mialgia reflejan estas variantes, mientras que los antecedentes familiares y la edad temprana de inicio caracterizan el exón 10. Los clínicos deben reconocer la complejidad de FMF y adoptar un enfoque personalizado.

Palabras clave:
Fiebre mediterránea familiar
Gen MEFV
Exón 2
E148Q
R202Q
M694V

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