Article information
Abstract
Over the last decade, the management of rheumatoid arthritis has evolved as a result of both the understanding of disease-related processes and the availability of the necessary high-throughput technology to provide patients with molecule-based therapies. New therapies allow the classification of patients into subsets as regards clinical response, at the same time adding to our knowledge of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. New generations of molecules will likely soon be ready for “a la carte” treatment of patients. A promising field of research is epigenetics. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms switch on and off the transcription of specific genes in individual cells. Acting as observers on non-adequate gene expression, these mechanisms yield protection against the development of tumours. The major achievement of epigenetic therapies could be their selective action on cells with altered epigenetic programs, and it is our challenge to recognize these alterations among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Although safety concerns may arise, epigenetic drugs will likely be used to treat autoimmune diseases.
Keywords:
Genome methylation
Histone deacetylases
Cytokines
Cell death
Reprogramming
Resumen
La artritis reumatoide ha experimentado en la última década una revolución terapéutica, derivada del conocimiento de los procesos patogénicos y favorecida por el desarrollo de la tecnología necesaria para distribuir tratamientos moleculares. Las nuevas terapias permiten diferenciar subtipos de pacientes según la respuesta clínica y además mejoran nuestra comprensión de la enfermedad. Ello hace vaticinar la llegada de nuevas generaciones de moléculas para un tratamiento individualizado. Uno de los campos hacia donde se dirigen las investigaciones es la epigenética. Los mecanismos de regulación epigenéticos son interruptores que deciden cuándo y cómo expresar determinados genes en cada célula. Actuando como vigilantes de una expresión génica inapropiada, protegen al organismo del desarrollo de tumores. La principal ventaja de los tratamientos epigenéticos podría ser su selectividad por las células que muestran patrones epigenéticos alterados, por lo que el reto es identificar estas alteraciones entre los pacientes con artritis reumatoide. Aunque debe establecerse su perfil de seguridad, parece probable el uso de terapias epigenéticas en las enfermedades autoinmunes.
Palabras clave:
Metilación del Genoma
Histona-deacetilasas
Citoquinas
Muerte Celular
Reprogramación
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