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ESR 97<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#47;h and ferritin 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>640<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#46; Thyroid hormones&#44; immunoglobulins and complement were normal&#46; Rheumatoid factor&#44; ANA&#44; extractable nuclear antigen&#44; anti-nDNA&#44; antineutrophil cytoplasmic and antiphospholipid antibodies were negative&#46; Serology&#44; blood cultures&#44; urine cultures and Mantoux testing was negative&#46; A blood smear showed no abnormalities&#46; Arterial blood gas showed partial respiratory failure&#46; Electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia with negative T in V4&#8211;6 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; A chest radiography &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41; showed global cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusion&#46; Exudative pleural fluid&#44; with smears&#44; cultures and cytology were negative&#46; The horaco-abdominal CT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41; revealed minimum pleuropericardial effusion&#44; cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly&#46; The echocardiogram &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41; revealed mild-moderate pericardial effusion&#44; an ejection fraction of 41&#37; of the left ventricle&#44; moderate-severe mitral regurgitation and mild to moderate mitral stenosis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of pericardial chest pain&#44; physical examination characteristics and elevated cardiac enzymes were consistent with myopericarditis&#46; Treatment was initiated with NSAIDs and broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover infectious etiology&#46; Given the presentation with fever&#44; arthritis&#44; liver dysfunction&#44; leukocytosis&#44; pleural and organ enlargement&#44; ASD was diagnosed by the criteria proposed by Yamaguchi and intravenous bolus of corticosteroids started&#44; followed by oral prednisone in a descending pattern&#46; Progressive improvement was shown in clinical&#44; biochemical&#44; radiological &#40;normal&#41; and echocardiography &#40;mild pericardial effusion and grade II mitral insufficiency with Valsalva&#41; parameters&#46; Later&#44; coinciding with the decline of prednisone dosage&#44; an outbreak similar to the initial one occurred&#44; which improved with an increase of prednisone&#44; leading to the addition of methotrexate&#44; which helped to stabilize the disease and lower the dose of prednisone&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of ASD&#44; followed by arthritis of the knees and wrists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Our patient has not presented an evanescent rash with fever that is typical and frequent&#46; Up to 30&#8211;40&#37; of cases have serosal involvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;7</span></a> Pericarditis is the most common cardiac manifestation and is usually subclinical in up to 50&#37;&#46; Myocarditis is rare and can cause arrhythmias&#46; Other&#44; exceptional manifestations are cardiac tamponade&#44; constrictive pericarditis or endocarditis&#46; Hepatic dysfunction is common with cytolysis pattern&#44; usually mild to moderate&#44; and in our patient was associated with impaired coagulation&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristic elevation of acute phase reactant ferritin&#44; considered a marker of active disease and response to treatment&#44; does not occur in other rheumatic diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> is clinical&#44; with Yamaguchi&#39;s criteria being the most used&#59; 5 criteria are required&#44; with at least 2 in adults&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Main criteria&#58; fever of at least 39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C over 7 days&#44; joint pain or arthritis of more than 2 weeks&#44; rash&#44; and leukocytosis &#40;&#8805;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41; with at least 80&#37; neutrophils&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Minor criteria&#58; sore throat&#44; lymphadenopathy&#44; hepato&#47;splenomegaly&#44; liver dysfunction &#40;primarily AST&#44; ALT and LDH&#41;&#44; negative ANA and rheumatoid factor&#46; It is necessary to exclude infections&#44; lymphoproliferative or granulomatous disease&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the start of treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> oral or intravenous steroids are used if the situation is serious&#46; Subsequently&#44; immunosuppressants&#44; mainly methotrexate&#44; may be associated to control the disease and reduce the dose of corticosteroids&#46; If no response is seen&#44; biological therapies may be administered&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ASD is a multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology&#46; Its initial presentation with pleural and myopericardial manifestations is uncommon&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adult Still&#39;s disease &#40;ASD&#41; was described by George Still in 1896&#46; ASD is a rare inflammatory disorder&#44; of unknown etiology&#44; whose clinical manifestations are manifold&#46; Diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion and exclusion of different etiologies&#46; We report the case of a 20 year old male with fever&#44; arthritis&#44; dyspnea and chest pain&#46; Laboratory findings showed increased levels of cardiac enzymes&#44; and a pleuropericardic effusion was detected in imaging tests&#44; both of them showing myopericarditis&#46; Corticosteroid treatment was started with initial improvement&#44; although the addition of methotrexate was necessary in the following months&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad del Still del adulto &#40;ESA&#41; fue descrita en ni&#241;os por George Still en 1896&#46; La ESA es una entidad inflamatoria&#44; infrecuente&#44; de etiolog&#237;a desconocida cuyas manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas son m&#250;ltiples&#46; El diagn&#243;stico requiere una alta sospecha cl&#237;nica y la exclusi&#243;n de diferentes etiolog&#237;as&#46; Presentamos el caso de un var&#243;n de 20 a&#241;os que consult&#243; por fiebre&#44; artritis&#44; disnea y dolor costal&#46; Se objetivaron elevaci&#243;n de enzimas cardiacas&#44; y en las pruebas de imagen&#44; derrame pleuroperic&#225;rdico compatibles con miopericarditis&#46; Se inici&#243; tratamiento con corticoides con mejor&#237;a inicial&#44; precisando en los meses posteriores la adici&#243;n de metotrexato&#46;</p>"
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Case Report
Acute Miopericarditis as the Presenting Feature of Adult-Onset Still's Disease
Miopericarditis aguda como presentación de enfermedad de Still del adulto
Gema García-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
geminway21@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Verónica Fernández-Auzmendib, Fermín Olgado-Ferreroa, Dolores Magro-Ledesmaa, Sara Sánchez Giraltc
a Servicio de Medicina Interna, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Don Benito-Villanueva (Badajoz), Spain
c Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
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bibasal hypophonesis&#44; hepatosplenomegaly and bilateral malleoli edema&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Laboratory tests revealed hemoglobin 9&#46;3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#44; WBC 33<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> &#40;93&#46;8&#37; neutrophils&#41;&#44; platelets 512<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#44; prothrombin activity 51&#46;9&#37;&#44; AST 177<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; ALT 108<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 225<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l&#44; LDH 1044<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>U&#47;l and troponin I 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#46; C-reactive protein was 262&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;l&#44; ESR 97<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#47;h and ferritin 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>640<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#46; Thyroid hormones&#44; immunoglobulins and complement were normal&#46; Rheumatoid factor&#44; ANA&#44; extractable nuclear antigen&#44; anti-nDNA&#44; antineutrophil cytoplasmic and antiphospholipid antibodies were negative&#46; Serology&#44; blood cultures&#44; urine cultures and Mantoux testing was negative&#46; A blood smear showed no abnormalities&#46; Arterial blood gas showed partial respiratory failure&#46; Electrocardiogram revealed sinus tachycardia with negative T in V4&#8211;6 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; A chest radiography &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B&#41; showed global cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusion&#46; Exudative pleural fluid&#44; with smears&#44; cultures and cytology were negative&#46; The horaco-abdominal CT &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41; revealed minimum pleuropericardial effusion&#44; cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly&#46; The echocardiogram &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41; revealed mild-moderate pericardial effusion&#44; an ejection fraction of 41&#37; of the left ventricle&#44; moderate-severe mitral regurgitation and mild to moderate mitral stenosis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presence of pericardial chest pain&#44; physical examination characteristics and elevated cardiac enzymes were consistent with myopericarditis&#46; Treatment was initiated with NSAIDs and broad-spectrum antibiotics to cover infectious etiology&#46; Given the presentation with fever&#44; arthritis&#44; liver dysfunction&#44; leukocytosis&#44; pleural and organ enlargement&#44; ASD was diagnosed by the criteria proposed by Yamaguchi and intravenous bolus of corticosteroids started&#44; followed by oral prednisone in a descending pattern&#46; Progressive improvement was shown in clinical&#44; biochemical&#44; radiological &#40;normal&#41; and echocardiography &#40;mild pericardial effusion and grade II mitral insufficiency with Valsalva&#41; parameters&#46; Later&#44; coinciding with the decline of prednisone dosage&#44; an outbreak similar to the initial one occurred&#44; which improved with an increase of prednisone&#44; leading to the addition of methotrexate&#44; which helped to stabilize the disease and lower the dose of prednisone&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of ASD&#44; followed by arthritis of the knees and wrists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Our patient has not presented an evanescent rash with fever that is typical and frequent&#46; Up to 30&#8211;40&#37; of cases have serosal involvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#8211;7</span></a> Pericarditis is the most common cardiac manifestation and is usually subclinical in up to 50&#37;&#46; Myocarditis is rare and can cause arrhythmias&#46; Other&#44; exceptional manifestations are cardiac tamponade&#44; constrictive pericarditis or endocarditis&#46; Hepatic dysfunction is common with cytolysis pattern&#44; usually mild to moderate&#44; and in our patient was associated with impaired coagulation&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The characteristic elevation of acute phase reactant ferritin&#44; considered a marker of active disease and response to treatment&#44; does not occur in other rheumatic diseases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> is clinical&#44; with Yamaguchi&#39;s criteria being the most used&#59; 5 criteria are required&#44; with at least 2 in adults&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Main criteria&#58; fever of at least 39<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C over 7 days&#44; joint pain or arthritis of more than 2 weeks&#44; rash&#44; and leukocytosis &#40;&#8805;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41; with at least 80&#37; neutrophils&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Minor criteria&#58; sore throat&#44; lymphadenopathy&#44; hepato&#47;splenomegaly&#44; liver dysfunction &#40;primarily AST&#44; ALT and LDH&#41;&#44; negative ANA and rheumatoid factor&#46; It is necessary to exclude infections&#44; lymphoproliferative or granulomatous disease&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At the start of treatment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> oral or intravenous steroids are used if the situation is serious&#46; Subsequently&#44; immunosuppressants&#44; mainly methotrexate&#44; may be associated to control the disease and reduce the dose of corticosteroids&#46; If no response is seen&#44; biological therapies may be administered&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ASD is a multisystemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology&#46; Its initial presentation with pleural and myopericardial manifestations is uncommon&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adult Still&#39;s disease &#40;ASD&#41; was described by George Still in 1896&#46; ASD is a rare inflammatory disorder&#44; of unknown etiology&#44; whose clinical manifestations are manifold&#46; Diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion and exclusion of different etiologies&#46; We report the case of a 20 year old male with fever&#44; arthritis&#44; dyspnea and chest pain&#46; Laboratory findings showed increased levels of cardiac enzymes&#44; and a pleuropericardic effusion was detected in imaging tests&#44; both of them showing myopericarditis&#46; Corticosteroid treatment was started with initial improvement&#44; although the addition of methotrexate was necessary in the following months&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad del Still del adulto &#40;ESA&#41; fue descrita en ni&#241;os por George Still en 1896&#46; La ESA es una entidad inflamatoria&#44; infrecuente&#44; de etiolog&#237;a desconocida cuyas manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas son m&#250;ltiples&#46; El diagn&#243;stico requiere una alta sospecha cl&#237;nica y la exclusi&#243;n de diferentes etiolog&#237;as&#46; Presentamos el caso de un var&#243;n de 20 a&#241;os que consult&#243; por fiebre&#44; artritis&#44; disnea y dolor costal&#46; Se objetivaron elevaci&#243;n de enzimas cardiacas&#44; y en las pruebas de imagen&#44; derrame pleuroperic&#225;rdico compatibles con miopericarditis&#46; Se inici&#243; tratamiento con corticoides con mejor&#237;a inicial&#44; precisando en los meses posteriores la adici&#243;n de metotrexato&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Studies that showed the presence of myopericarditis&#58; sinus tachycardia and negative T waves in V4&#8211;V6 ECG &#40;A&#41;&#44; global cardiomegaly and bilateral pleural effusion on chest X-ray &#40;B&#41;&#44; pleuropericardial effusion and cardiomegaly on thoraco-abdominal CT &#40;C&#41;&#44; mild to moderate pericardial effusion on echocardiography &#40;D&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                      "titulo" => "Adult-onset Still disease"
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                          "etal" => false
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Article information
ISSN: 21735743
Original language: English
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2023 November 55 35 90
2023 October 48 35 83
2023 September 70 33 103
2023 August 45 28 73
2023 July 35 29 64
2023 June 36 27 63
2023 May 39 23 62
2023 April 48 17 65
2023 March 89 28 117
2023 February 79 32 111
2023 January 46 21 67
2022 December 74 34 108
2022 November 69 38 107
2022 October 85 40 125
2022 September 58 24 82
2022 August 51 44 95
2022 July 63 36 99
2022 June 45 39 84
2022 May 75 42 117
2022 April 70 50 120
2022 March 94 58 152
2022 February 129 49 178
2022 January 127 34 161
2021 December 73 30 103
2021 November 69 42 111
2021 October 104 53 157
2021 September 97 41 138
2021 August 70 39 109
2021 July 77 44 121
2021 June 88 50 138
2021 May 87 41 128
2021 April 213 106 319
2021 March 119 35 154
2021 February 58 23 81
2021 January 53 17 70
2020 December 61 20 81
2020 November 131 19 150
2020 October 93 13 106
2020 September 73 19 92
2020 August 54 20 74
2020 July 27 33 60
2020 June 51 15 66
2020 May 53 15 68
2020 April 56 14 70
2020 March 21 6 27
2020 February 2 0 2
2019 January 1 0 1
2018 November 1 0 1
2018 May 4 1 5
2018 April 72 10 82
2018 March 58 13 71
2018 February 39 6 45
2018 January 44 5 49
2017 December 58 8 66
2017 November 40 8 48
2017 October 32 4 36
2017 September 53 8 61
2017 August 66 7 73
2017 July 76 13 89
2017 June 94 9 103
2017 May 87 7 94
2017 April 62 10 72
2017 March 64 18 82
2017 February 54 6 60
2017 January 42 7 49
2016 December 71 17 88
2016 November 58 7 65
2016 October 84 15 99
2016 September 77 8 85
2016 August 73 11 84
2016 July 42 7 49
2016 June 0 11 11
2016 May 0 5 5
2016 April 0 6 6
2016 March 2 8 10
2015 December 2 0 2
2015 September 4 0 4
2015 August 2 11 13
2015 July 15 8 23
2015 June 53 13 66
2015 May 53 14 67
2015 April 50 10 60
2015 March 50 19 69
2015 February 44 13 57
2015 January 47 10 57
2014 December 63 13 76
2014 November 38 17 55
2014 October 58 13 71
2014 September 42 12 54
2014 August 40 20 60
2014 July 50 14 64
2014 June 51 12 63
2014 May 39 17 56
2014 April 36 13 49
2014 March 41 17 58
2014 February 34 14 48
2014 January 37 10 47
2013 December 52 13 65
2013 November 51 14 65
2013 October 50 9 59
2013 September 41 11 52
2013 August 37 16 53
2013 July 36 5 41
2013 June 42 10 52
2013 May 40 17 57
2013 April 41 14 55
2013 March 37 12 49
2013 February 29 8 37
2013 January 36 16 52
2012 December 34 10 44
2012 November 28 9 37
2012 October 23 9 32
2012 September 23 4 27
2012 July 8 0 8
2012 June 11 0 11
2012 May 10 0 10
2012 April 11 0 11
2012 March 12 0 12
2012 February 9 0 9
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