Letter to the Editor
Serum Cystatin C as a Marker of Renal Function in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Cistatina C sérica como marcador de función renal en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico
Marco Ulises Martínez-Martínez, Carlos Abud-Mendoza
Corresponding author
Unidad de Investigaciones Reumatológicas, Hospital Central, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
Read
7542
Timeswas read the article
2389
Total PDF
5153
Total HTML
Share statistics
array:24 [ "pii" => "S2173574312000494" "issn" => "21735743" "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2011.11.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "403" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2011" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2012;8:158-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3056 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 54 "HTML" => 2459 "PDF" => 543 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S1699258X11003731" "issn" => "1699258X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2011.11.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "403" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L." "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2012;8:158-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 10747 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 173 "HTML" => 9102 "PDF" => 1472 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta al Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Cistatina C sérica como marcador de función renal en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "158" "paginaFinal" => "159" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Marco Ulises Martínez-Martínez, Carlos Abud-Mendoza" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marco Ulises" "apellidos" => "Martínez-Martínez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Abud-Mendoza" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173574312000494" "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2011.11.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574312000494?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X11003731?idApp=UINPBA00004M" "url" => "/1699258X/0000000800000003/v1_201305061919/S1699258X11003731/v1_201305061919/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173574312000342" "issn" => "21735743" "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2011.11.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "393" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L." "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2012;8:159" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3049 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 56 "HTML" => 2041 "PDF" => 952 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letters to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Carpal Arthritis as the Initial Manifestation of Gitelman's Syndrome" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "paginaInicial" => "159" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Artritis de carpos como debut en un síndrome de Gitelman" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Agustí Martínez Tomàs, Amalia Rueda Cid, Cristina Campos Fernández, Javier Calvo Catalá" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Agustí" "apellidos" => "Martínez Tomàs" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Amalia" "apellidos" => "Rueda Cid" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Cristina" "apellidos" => "Campos Fernández" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Javier" "apellidos" => "Calvo Catalá" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1699258X11003469" "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2011.11.002" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X11003469?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574312000342?idApp=UINPBA00004M" "url" => "/21735743/0000000800000003/v1_201305061639/S2173574312000342/v1_201305061639/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2173574311000165" "issn" => "21735743" "doi" => "10.1016/j.reumae.2011.05.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-05-01" "aid" => "340" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2012;8:156-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 8505 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 59 "HTML" => 7220 "PDF" => 1226 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Images in Clinical Rheumatology</span>" "titulo" => "Remitting Symmetric Seronegative Synovitis With Pitting Edema (RS3PE)" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "156" "paginaFinal" => "157" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Sinovitis simétrica seronegativa remitente con edema con fóvea (RS3PE)" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 337 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 59097 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recovery 6 months after treatment with prednisone.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Betsabé Serrano Ostoa, Everardo Álvarez Hernández" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Betsabé" "apellidos" => "Serrano Ostoa" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Everardo" "apellidos" => "Álvarez Hernández" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S1699258X11001781" "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2011.05.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X11001781?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574311000165?idApp=UINPBA00004M" "url" => "/21735743/0000000800000003/v1_201305061639/S2173574311000165/v1_201305061639/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Serum Cystatin C as a Marker of Renal Function in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "To the Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "158" "paginaFinal" => "159" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Marco Ulises Martínez-Martínez, Carlos Abud-Mendoza" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marco Ulises" "apellidos" => "Martínez-Martínez" ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Carlos" "apellidos" => "Abud-Mendoza" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "c_abud@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Investigaciones Reumatológicas, Hospital Central, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Cistatina C sérica como marcador de función renal en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Kidney damage occurs in more than half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the most important marker of renal function and crucial for diagnosis, stratification and response to treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The ideal marker of GFR should be constantly produced, be freely filtered, not reabsorbed or secreted by the renal tubules or metabolized or eliminated by extrarenal mechanisms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Inulin meets these characteristics, however, the measurement of GFR by this method is very complex, expensive and difficult to perform.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The surrogate marker employed is endogenous creatinine, which does not complete the requirements of an ideal marker because it is subjected to tubular secretion as well as being influenced by the muscle mass of the patient.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Cystatin C is a protein produced by all nucleated cells, freely filtered by the glomerulus, not returned to the bloodstream and not secreted by the renal tubules.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,4</span></a> The above features make it a better marker of renal function than creatinine,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> however, we recognize that there are different factors influencing the levels of cystatin C to be taken into account when performing this test, such as levels of C reactive protein, smoking, obesity, gender, glucocorticoids, age and diabetes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a> Based on the above, this test could be useful to assess renal function in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) in whom various factors associated with both disease (lupus) and the drugs used could modify the levels of cystatin C.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> We included 60 consecutive patients with SLE in the order in which the blood sample was taken to determine levels of creatinine (creatinine standardized by the Roche enzymatic method) and cystatin C (immunonephelometric test particles). <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the mean±standard deviation (SD) of the data evaluated in patients, as well as the correlation (Pearson's rho) that existed between cystatin C and the different factors.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included 5 pediatric patients and 55 (91.7%) were women, 63.3% used prednisone at the time of determination, 36.7% azathioprine, 28.3% mycophenolate mofetil, 53.3% methotrexate, 58.3% chloroquine and 73.3% statins. The correlations that showed statistical significance were creatinine and creatinine clearance. The importance of negative results (no correlation) implies that cystatin C may be a good marker of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis, since factors such as disease activity or use of drugs such as glucocorticoids do not modify the renal levels of this marker. On the other hand, it is necessary that studies determine the best equation to determine GFR in patients with LN, as there are different equations for patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease, but not for rheumatic disease, which have different implications for renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> damage<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>. Another important point to consider when estimating renal function is the cost of the test in our country (Mexico), which is on average $30 (U.S.), a cost 2.5 times greater than creatinine clearance and 8.5 times the creatinine determination only.</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Financing</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was partially funded by the Mexican College of Rheumatology with 35<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 pesos (2500 U.S. dollars approximately).</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Financing" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as: Martínez-Martínez MU, Abud-Mendoza C. Cistatina C sérica como marcador de función renal en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Reumatol Clin. 2012;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">8</span>:158–61.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "tabla" => array:3 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SD, standard deviation; SCr, serum creatinine; CrC, creatinine clearance; MEX-SLEDAI, Mexican Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean±SD \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Correlation (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cistatin C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.16±1.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">NA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Age, years \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">36.8±15.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">–0.172 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Time since onset of SLE, months \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">85.3±84.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.107 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">MEX-SLEDAI \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.9±3.0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.237 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">SCr, mg/dl \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1.1±1.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.778<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Prednisone, mg/d \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8.2±8.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.049 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Azathioprin, mg/d \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">32.5±45.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.152 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Mycophenolate mofetil, mg/d \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">353.8±630.6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.239 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Methotrexate, mg/week \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">6.7±6.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">–0.224 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cloroquine, mg/week \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">562.5±455.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">–0.182 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CrC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">76.9±27.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">–0.649<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab212260.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><.05.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of 60 Evaluated Patients.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Systemic diseases with renal manifestations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Rajashekar" 1 => "M.A. Perazella" 2 => "S. Crowley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.pop.2008.01.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prim Care" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "297" "paginaFinal" => "328" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18486717" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Glomerular filtration rate measurement and prediction equations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.A. Soares" 1 => "T.F. Eyff" 2 => "R.B. Campani" 3 => "L. Ritter" 4 => "J.L. Camargo" 5 => "S.P. Silveiro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1515/CCLM.2009.263" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chem Lab Med" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "1023" "paginaFinal" => "1032" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19728843" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Measuring filtration function in clinical practice" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A. Fawaz" 1 => "K.F. Badr" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.mnh.0000247504.94785.98" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "643" "paginaFinal" => "647" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053481" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Serum cystatin C as a marker of glomerular filtration rate" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Madero" 1 => "M.J. Sarnak" 2 => "L.A. Stevens" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/01.mnh.0000247505.71915.05" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "610" "paginaFinal" => "616" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053476" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cystatin C: current position and future prospects" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Seronie-Vivien" 1 => "P. Delanaye" 2 => "L. Pieroni" 3 => "C. Mariat" 4 => "M. Froissart" 5 => "J.P. Cristol" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1515/CCLM.2008.336" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chem Lab Med" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "1664" "paginaFinal" => "1686" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18973461" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors other than glomerular filtration rate affect serum cystatin C levels" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.A. Stevens" 1 => "C.H. Schmid" 2 => "T. Greene" 3 => "L. Li" 4 => "G.J. Beck" 5 => "M.M. Joffe" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/ki.2008.638" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Kidney Int" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "75" "paginaInicial" => "652" "paginaFinal" => "660" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119287" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors influencing serum cystatin C levels other than renal function and the impact on renal function measurement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "E.L. Knight" 1 => "J.C. Verhave" 2 => "D. Spiegelman" 3 => "H.L. Hillege" 4 => "D. De Zeeuw" 5 => "G.C. Curhan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00517.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Kidney Int" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "65" "paginaInicial" => "1416" "paginaFinal" => "1421" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15086483" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Serum cystatin C reliably detects renal dysfunction in patients with various renal diseases" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.J. Kazama" 1 => "K. Kutsuwada" 2 => "K. Ataka" 3 => "H. Maruyama" 4 => "F. Gejyo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "57599" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nephron" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "91" "paginaInicial" => "13" "paginaFinal" => "20" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12021514" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cystatin C is not a better estimator of GFR than plasma creatinine in the general population" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "B.O. Eriksen" 1 => "U.D. Mathisen" 2 => "T. Melsom" 3 => "O.C. Ingebretsen" 4 => "T.G. Jenssen" 5 => "I. Njolstad" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/ki.2010.321" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Kidney Int" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "78" "paginaInicial" => "1305" "paginaFinal" => "1311" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844470" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cystatin C: yes, but" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F. Caravaca" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nefrologia" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "421" "paginaFinal" => "425" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17058852" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735743/0000000800000003/v1_201305061639/S2173574312000494/v1_201305061639/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8400" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000000800000003/v1_201305061639/S2173574312000494/v1_201305061639/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574312000494?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ]
| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 9 | 17 | 26 |
| 2024 October | 51 | 32 | 83 |
| 2024 September | 75 | 21 | 96 |
| 2024 August | 86 | 33 | 119 |
| 2024 July | 64 | 38 | 102 |
| 2024 June | 76 | 30 | 106 |
| 2024 May | 57 | 27 | 84 |
| 2024 April | 64 | 38 | 102 |
| 2024 March | 58 | 34 | 92 |
| 2024 February | 42 | 24 | 66 |
| 2024 January | 45 | 12 | 57 |
| 2023 December | 30 | 35 | 65 |
| 2023 November | 36 | 18 | 54 |
| 2023 October | 35 | 28 | 63 |
| 2023 September | 87 | 35 | 122 |
| 2023 August | 41 | 34 | 75 |
| 2023 July | 42 | 24 | 66 |
| 2023 June | 52 | 29 | 81 |
| 2023 May | 47 | 23 | 70 |
| 2023 April | 39 | 7 | 46 |
| 2023 March | 57 | 32 | 89 |
| 2023 February | 50 | 26 | 76 |
| 2023 January | 34 | 27 | 61 |
| 2022 December | 62 | 48 | 110 |
| 2022 November | 63 | 36 | 99 |
| 2022 October | 57 | 23 | 80 |
| 2022 September | 43 | 35 | 78 |
| 2022 August | 41 | 44 | 85 |
| 2022 July | 36 | 51 | 87 |
| 2022 June | 48 | 30 | 78 |
| 2022 May | 47 | 41 | 88 |
| 2022 April | 51 | 50 | 101 |
| 2022 March | 43 | 63 | 106 |
| 2022 February | 35 | 39 | 74 |
| 2022 January | 55 | 38 | 93 |
| 2021 December | 28 | 43 | 71 |
| 2021 November | 45 | 44 | 89 |
| 2021 October | 58 | 52 | 110 |
| 2021 September | 38 | 44 | 82 |
| 2021 August | 37 | 43 | 80 |
| 2021 July | 27 | 24 | 51 |
| 2021 June | 39 | 38 | 77 |
| 2021 May | 57 | 42 | 99 |
| 2021 April | 125 | 106 | 231 |
| 2021 March | 64 | 33 | 97 |
| 2021 February | 55 | 25 | 80 |
| 2021 January | 33 | 26 | 59 |
| 2020 December | 35 | 25 | 60 |
| 2020 November | 34 | 28 | 62 |
| 2020 October | 21 | 14 | 35 |
| 2020 September | 46 | 23 | 69 |
| 2020 August | 30 | 23 | 53 |
| 2020 July | 36 | 32 | 68 |
| 2020 June | 48 | 20 | 68 |
| 2020 May | 34 | 20 | 54 |
| 2020 April | 26 | 16 | 42 |
| 2020 March | 19 | 3 | 22 |
| 2020 February | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2020 January | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2019 September | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2019 June | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 March | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 January | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 May | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| 2018 April | 53 | 7 | 60 |
| 2018 March | 96 | 9 | 105 |
| 2018 February | 44 | 3 | 47 |
| 2018 January | 46 | 3 | 49 |
| 2017 December | 28 | 6 | 34 |
| 2017 November | 51 | 9 | 60 |
| 2017 October | 22 | 4 | 26 |
| 2017 September | 43 | 5 | 48 |
| 2017 August | 43 | 2 | 45 |
| 2017 July | 26 | 8 | 34 |
| 2017 June | 54 | 7 | 61 |
| 2017 May | 45 | 6 | 51 |
| 2017 April | 36 | 8 | 44 |
| 2017 March | 39 | 7 | 46 |
| 2017 February | 29 | 3 | 32 |
| 2017 January | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2016 December | 60 | 19 | 79 |
| 2016 November | 43 | 8 | 51 |
| 2016 October | 62 | 7 | 69 |
| 2016 September | 85 | 4 | 89 |
| 2016 August | 60 | 5 | 65 |
| 2016 July | 37 | 15 | 52 |
| 2016 April | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 December | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 November | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 September | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2015 August | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 July | 16 | 5 | 21 |
| 2015 June | 32 | 11 | 43 |
| 2015 May | 60 | 17 | 77 |
| 2015 April | 40 | 11 | 51 |
| 2015 March | 51 | 4 | 55 |
| 2015 February | 54 | 7 | 61 |
| 2015 January | 49 | 5 | 54 |
| 2014 December | 55 | 11 | 66 |
| 2014 November | 33 | 10 | 43 |
| 2014 October | 61 | 8 | 69 |
| 2014 September | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2014 August | 52 | 11 | 63 |
| 2014 July | 38 | 12 | 50 |
| 2014 June | 53 | 16 | 69 |
| 2014 May | 47 | 11 | 58 |
| 2014 April | 50 | 14 | 64 |
| 2014 March | 50 | 13 | 63 |
| 2014 February | 38 | 12 | 50 |
| 2014 January | 41 | 16 | 57 |
| 2013 December | 34 | 9 | 43 |
| 2013 November | 27 | 6 | 33 |
| 2013 October | 60 | 12 | 72 |
| 2013 September | 45 | 8 | 53 |
| 2013 August | 41 | 21 | 62 |
| 2013 July | 31 | 8 | 39 |
| 2013 June | 38 | 22 | 60 |
| 2013 May | 38 | 11 | 49 |
| 2013 April | 44 | 9 | 53 |
| 2013 March | 44 | 17 | 61 |
| 2013 February | 39 | 12 | 51 |
| 2013 January | 27 | 12 | 39 |
| 2012 December | 30 | 14 | 44 |
| 2012 November | 19 | 10 | 29 |
| 2012 October | 18 | 12 | 30 |
| 2012 September | 8 | 4 | 12 |
| 2012 July | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2012 June | 7 | 0 | 7 |
Show all
