Images in Clinical Rheumatology
Suitability of a High-resolution Ultrasound-guided Puncture in the Diagnosis of a Soft Tissue Mass Infected With Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Idoneidad de la punción guiada por ecografía de alta resolución en el diagnóstico de una tumoración de partes blandas infectada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Hèctor Corominasa,
, Dèlia Reinaa, Vicenç Torrente-Segarraa, Cristina Chicob, Vanessa Antónb, Paula Estradaa, Vanessa Navarroa
Corresponding author
a Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital Moisès Broggi/Hospital General de L’Hospitalet, Consorci Sanitari Integral (CSI), Sant Joan Despí/L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
b Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital Moisès Broggi/Hospital General de L’Hospitalet, Consorci Sanitari Integral (CSI), Sant Joan Despí/L’Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
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Distortion of the architecture of the extensor compartments. Presence of a large soft tissue mass that deforms the border of the common extensors, the extensor of the fifth finger and the extensor of the ulna. (B) Longitudinal view, and (C) transverse view of the common extensor tendon of the fingers at the level of the wrist. Increase in neovascularization with evident color Doppler signal (G3) showing activity over the extensor tendon and infiltration of surrounding infectious material.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Presentation of the Case Report</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patient was an 85-year-old man with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia and ischemic heart disease, who had undergone revascularization for unstable angina in 1985 by double coronary artery bypass. He received standard treatment con amlodipine, atorvastatin, pentoxifylline, telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide, omeprazole, tramadol and acetylsalicylic acid. He was referred to rheumatology because of the suspicion of severe arthritis of right wrist, with no history of a traumatic injury (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). Physical examination revealed a soft tissue mass in the medial ulnar fossa. It was swollen, tender on palpation and mobile. The patient did not have fever, lymph node involvement or complain of changes in his general state. Bilateral radiographs of the hands confirmed diffuse osteopenia, narrowing of the carpal and midcarpal joint space and erosion of the distal ulna and of the styloids, as well as generalized vascular calcifications (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>B).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Diagnosis and Outcome</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We performed a gray-scale diagnostic ultrasound examination (Esaote MyLab 70<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>), which showed a round, defined, mobile cluster that extended in a heterogeneous manner throughout the 6 compartments of the extensor mechanism of the wrist (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>A). Color Doppler ultrasound revealed vascularization corresponding to G3, suggesting an active inflammatory-infectious process (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>B and C). Ultrasound-guided puncture yielded 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cc of cloudy fluid that, in direct Gram stain, showed abundant leukocytes, the absence of microorganisms and aerobic culture was negative. Ziehl–Neelsen stain disclosed no acid-fast bacilli either. However, after 9 days in Lowenstein–Jensen culture at 37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C, the existence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> was confirmed. A chest radiograph revealed a cardiothoracic index >0.5, sternal cerclage, minimal posterior strangulation of the costophrenic sinus, increase in right apical density, and tuberculostatic treatment was begun with 5 drugs (5 tablets of Rimstar<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span>/day, together with oral vitamin B6/weekly, for 9 months), to treat infectious monoarthritis produced by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M. tuberculosis</span>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Comment/Discussion</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tuberculous infection continues to be a primary health care problem. Musculoskeletal involvement is encountered in between 10% and 15% of the patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Arthritis and tenosynovitis of the wrist is underdiagnosed and the diagnosis is often delayed, a fact that is associated with a high worldwide mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2–4</span></a> Infectious arthritis affecting the wrist frequently develops in patients with an immunodeficiency.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The diagnosis requires specific microbiological techniques and, as in this case, ultrasound-guided joint puncture enables direct diagnosis, ruling out other possible benign and malignant neoplastic diseases.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6,7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In rheumatology, it is common to receive patients referred for the study of arthritis with no orientation or diagnostic tests. The present case is useful because: (1) it includes infectious arthritis due to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M. tuberculosis</span> in the differential diagnosis of monoarthritis of the wrist; (2) the ultrasound images lead to the suspicion of the severity of the disease, resulting in puncture and to the initiation of specific treatment; and (3) it points out the importance of access to rheumatological studies in the diagnosis of soft tissue masses and of the ultrasound findings for reaching a diagnostic and therapeutic decision. The accessibility of ultrasound and ultrasound-guided puncture were fundamental in the diagnosis.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study.</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed the protocols of their work center on the publication of patient data.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Presentation of the Case Report" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Diagnosis and Outcome" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Comment/Discussion" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Ethical Disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conflicts of Interest" ] 5 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-10-21" "fechaAceptado" => "2016-12-02" "NotaPie" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Corominas H, Reina D, Torrente-Segarra V, Chico C, Antón V, Estrada P, et al. Idoneidad de la punción guiada por ecografía de alta resolución en el diagnóstico de una tumoración de partes blandas infectada por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span>. Reumatol Clin. 2018;14:171–172.</p>" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">The present manuscript was written during a stay as a visiting faculty member in Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, partially financed with a grant from the Catalan Society for Rheumatology (CSR).</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 657 "Ancho" => 1600 "Tamanyo" => 127334 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Image of the patient's right wrist. Soft tissue mass located in the region of ulna that responded to pressure and was mobile. (B) Plain bilateral radiographs of the hands. Generalized osteopenia, reduction of the joint space in right wrist. Thickening of soft tissue most evident in the region of the ulnar styloid. Severe distortion of the architecture of the radiocarpal joint and ulnocarpal fossa.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 465 "Ancho" => 2000 "Tamanyo" => 115899 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">(A) Image of the dorsal compartment of right wrist. Distortion of the architecture of the extensor compartments. Presence of a large soft tissue mass that deforms the border of the common extensors, the extensor of the fifth finger and the extensor of the ulna. (B) Longitudinal view, and (C) transverse view of the common extensor tendon of the fingers at the level of the wrist. Increase in neovascularization with evident color Doppler signal (G3) showing activity over the extensor tendon and infiltration of surrounding infectious material.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.P. Golden" 1 => "H.R. 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| Year/Month | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 November | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2024 October | 41 | 27 | 68 |
| 2024 September | 43 | 13 | 56 |
| 2024 August | 51 | 31 | 82 |
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| 2024 April | 49 | 17 | 66 |
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| 2024 February | 38 | 24 | 62 |
| 2024 January | 47 | 25 | 72 |
| 2023 December | 50 | 24 | 74 |
| 2023 November | 38 | 21 | 59 |
| 2023 October | 36 | 30 | 66 |
| 2023 September | 55 | 29 | 84 |
| 2023 August | 20 | 9 | 29 |
| 2023 July | 40 | 14 | 54 |
| 2023 June | 41 | 22 | 63 |
| 2023 May | 36 | 24 | 60 |
| 2023 April | 27 | 15 | 42 |
| 2023 March | 78 | 25 | 103 |
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| 2023 January | 62 | 10 | 72 |
| 2022 December | 60 | 40 | 100 |
| 2022 November | 45 | 32 | 77 |
| 2022 October | 76 | 22 | 98 |
| 2022 September | 45 | 30 | 75 |
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| 2022 July | 42 | 43 | 85 |
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| 2022 January | 47 | 34 | 81 |
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| 2021 July | 30 | 43 | 73 |
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| 2021 May | 40 | 34 | 74 |
| 2021 April | 64 | 75 | 139 |
| 2021 March | 51 | 23 | 74 |
| 2021 February | 42 | 23 | 65 |
| 2021 January | 30 | 19 | 49 |
| 2020 December | 35 | 23 | 58 |
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| 2020 October | 19 | 13 | 32 |
| 2020 September | 87 | 29 | 116 |
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| 2020 July | 74 | 21 | 95 |
| 2020 June | 38 | 9 | 47 |
| 2020 May | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2020 April | 34 | 16 | 50 |
| 2020 March | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2020 February | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2019 May | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2018 July | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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