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Images in Clinical Rheumatology
Pyomyositis presenting as septic arthritis
Artritis séptica como forma de inicio de una piomiositis
Anahy M. Brandy-Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
anahymbg@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Daniel Clemente Garulob, Juan Carlos López Robledillob
a Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
b Servicio de Reumatología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of the striated muscle which is occasionally accompanied by the formation of abcesses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> not secondary to adjacent infection of the skin or bone&#46; Its association with septic arthritis is exceptional&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a two-year-old child with no remarkable medical history who presented with left gonalgia of major functional limitation of 20 days onset&#44; who was stated to have suffered trauma and a catarrhal process the previous week&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Examination revealed fever and swelling of the left knee&#46; Arthrocentesis was performed with the obtainment of 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cc of synovial fluid of purulent appearance &#40;46&#44;830&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span> leukocytes&#44; 91&#37; PML&#44; glucose 47<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl and culture both for bacteria&#44; fungus and mycobacteria testing negative&#41;&#46; Haemogram tests&#44; biochemistry&#44; chest X-ray and haemocultures were normal or negative&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MR of the left knee was performed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; which revealed synovitis and an extensive hyperintense imaging in the STIR sequences with homogeneic enhancement after the administration of intravenous contrast &#40;IVC&#41; in internal and external vessel&#44; compatible with pyomyositis&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antibiotic treatment was initiated with endovenous cloxacillin and cefotaxime with progressive improvement of clinical and radiological symptoms &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pyomyositis in immunocompetent individuals is typical in tropical areas&#44; with the most frequent microorganism being <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> &#40;70&#37;&#8211;90&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In our environment it is unusual&#44; and may be suspected in the light of a background of trauma&#44; intensive physical exercise or chronic diseases &#40;such as diabetes mellitus or neoplasms&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> with positivity in cultures being almost exceptional &#40;5&#37;&#8211;33&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> It is more common when affecting large sized muscles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Diagnosis timing conditions prognosis since this is usually withheld due to low suspicion&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Imaging tests are essential&#44; with MR being the technique with the highest sensitivity and specificity for the identification of early forms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Intensive early antibiotic treatment reduces physical sequelae&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Brandy-Garc&#237;a AM&#44; Clemente Garulo D&#44; L&#243;pez Robledillo JC&#46; Artritis s&#233;ptica como forma de inicio de una piomiositis&#46; Reumatol Clin&#46; 2020&#59;16&#58;247&#8211;248&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">MR imaging of the left knee&#44; STIR sequences with intravenous contrast &#40;IVC&#41;&#46; &#40;A&#41; Sagittal slice&#46; &#40;B&#41; Coronal slice&#46; &#40;C&#41; Transversal slice&#46; Major synovitis is observed which affects the suprapatellar bursa &#40;arrows&#41; and muscular hyperintensity of the internal and external vastus lateralis muscles&#46; Compatible with pyomyositis &#40;star&#41;&#46;</p>"
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