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leucocytosis with neutrophilia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">d</span>-dimer of 1080<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#44; normal complement&#44; negative antinuclear antibodies and IgE 383<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>KU&#47;l with specific IgE negative to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anisakis</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ascaris</span>&#46; A punch skin biopsy was performed on an acute lesion which showed mild neutrophilic vasculitis in the superficial and deep dermis with an absence of eosinophils&#44; compatible with urticarial vasculitis &#40;UV&#41;&#46; Computerized tomography of the chest was performed&#44; together with an echocardiogram&#44; which were both normal&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the diagnosis of normocomplementemic UV &#40;NUV&#41; had been established we considered whether the cutaneous symptoms were toxicoderma from the new immunosuppressants &#40;Janus kinase inhibitor&#41; or some other autoimmune process associated with the patient&#39;s rheumatoid arthritis&#46; We ruled out the first option because the patient had been treated with tofacitinib for months without complications and because although the treatment was temporarily suspended&#44; the skin lesions persisted&#46; Symptoms were not controlled&#44; and we therefore considered treatment with omalizumab&#46; Other therapeutic options were ruled out &#40;colchicine&#44; sulphone or cyclosporine&#41; due to the patient&#39;s immunosuppression&#46; Several published cases have reported on the use of omalizumab in UV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> aside from specification sheet usage&#46; The article by De Brito et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> reviewed cases published until 2018 in patients with UV and comparing the efficacy of omalizumab&#44; observed that the NUV responded better to omalizumab than the hypocomplementemics &#40;HUV&#41;&#46; This led them to believe that there could be 2 diseases with different physio pathological mechanisms&#46; In NUV the IgE and mastocytary cells would play a more important role whilst the endothelial damage from immunocomplex deposits would be more involved in the HUV&#44; which would therefore not respond so well to omalizumab&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The case was presented and approved by the committee of special hospital uses and the patient signed an informed consent form&#46; Treatment was initiated with omalizumab at a dose of 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;every 4 weeks&#44; maintaining the antihistamines for several weeks and withdrawing the glucocorticoids&#46; The skin lesions disappeared after the first administration of therapy&#46; The patient has to date received 6 cycles of omalizumab at a dose of 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;every 4 weeks and continues to be asymptomatic&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both the acute phase reactants and the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">d</span>-dimer reached normal levels&#46; It was possible to withdraw the glucocorticoids maintaining just 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day &#40;arthritis control&#41;&#46; Treatment with tofacitinib was re-started 2 weeks after treatment with omalizumab&#44; without incident&#46; On re-initiation of methotrexate the patient presented with an episode of transaminitis which was resolved on dose reduction&#46; No interactions or infections occurred during combined treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first case to be described in the literature of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and NUV&#44; both autoimmune diseases with difficult management&#46; The patient presented with an extremely rapid and effective response to omalizumab with total disappearance of the skin lesions&#46;</p></span>"
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Letter to the Editor
Two difficult management autoimmune diseases
Dos enfermedades autoinmunes de difícil manejo
Carola Baliu-Piquéa, F.J. Narvaez-Garciab, Alexandra Retameroc, Dolors Gradosd,
Corresponding author
dgrados@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital de Igualada-Consorci Sanitari Anoia, Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
c Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital de Igualada-Consorci Sanitari Anoia, Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
d Unidad de Reumatología, Hospital de Igualada-Consorci Sanitari Anoia, Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 56-year-old male patient&#44; allergic to penicillin&#44; with a history of hypercholesterolaemia&#44; diabetes mellitus and seropositive&#44; nodular&#44; and erosive rheumatoid arthritis&#44; diagnosed in 2009&#46; He had received several biological treatments &#40;etanercept&#44; adalimumab&#44; tocilizumab&#44; rituximab&#44; abatacept&#44; which were withdrawn due to inefficacy or adverse effects&#41; and was currently being treated with 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg methotrexate weekly&#44; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg of celecoxib and tofacitinib every 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; without incident and with the rheumatic disease in remission&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">He presented at the emergency department on 3 occasions due to the presentation of a generalized&#44; very itchy&#44; wheal-like rash of more than 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h onset&#44; which left hyperpigmentation and on occasions purpura where the wheals were located &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The rash was accompanied by a general feeling of malaise&#44; a tightening of the chest&#44; glottic and uvula labial edema&#46; The patient was administered with intravenous glucocorticoids and antihistamines in the emergency department&#44; with rapid improvement of symptoms&#46; During one visit adrenaline was required&#46; Despite the treatment with high doses of systemic glucocorticoids&#44; maximum doses of second-generation antihistamines&#44; sedating antihistamines and ranitidine&#44; the patient continued having extremely itchy general lesions&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analysis revealed high acute phase reactants&#44; leucocytosis with neutrophilia&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">d</span>-dimer of 1080<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#44; normal complement&#44; negative antinuclear antibodies and IgE 383<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>KU&#47;l with specific IgE negative to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anisakis</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ascaris</span>&#46; A punch skin biopsy was performed on an acute lesion which showed mild neutrophilic vasculitis in the superficial and deep dermis with an absence of eosinophils&#44; compatible with urticarial vasculitis &#40;UV&#41;&#46; Computerized tomography of the chest was performed&#44; together with an echocardiogram&#44; which were both normal&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once the diagnosis of normocomplementemic UV &#40;NUV&#41; had been established we considered whether the cutaneous symptoms were toxicoderma from the new immunosuppressants &#40;Janus kinase inhibitor&#41; or some other autoimmune process associated with the patient&#39;s rheumatoid arthritis&#46; We ruled out the first option because the patient had been treated with tofacitinib for months without complications and because although the treatment was temporarily suspended&#44; the skin lesions persisted&#46; Symptoms were not controlled&#44; and we therefore considered treatment with omalizumab&#46; Other therapeutic options were ruled out &#40;colchicine&#44; sulphone or cyclosporine&#41; due to the patient&#39;s immunosuppression&#46; Several published cases have reported on the use of omalizumab in UV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;5</span></a> aside from specification sheet usage&#46; The article by De Brito et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> reviewed cases published until 2018 in patients with UV and comparing the efficacy of omalizumab&#44; observed that the NUV responded better to omalizumab than the hypocomplementemics &#40;HUV&#41;&#46; This led them to believe that there could be 2 diseases with different physio pathological mechanisms&#46; In NUV the IgE and mastocytary cells would play a more important role whilst the endothelial damage from immunocomplex deposits would be more involved in the HUV&#44; which would therefore not respond so well to omalizumab&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The case was presented and approved by the committee of special hospital uses and the patient signed an informed consent form&#46; Treatment was initiated with omalizumab at a dose of 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;every 4 weeks&#44; maintaining the antihistamines for several weeks and withdrawing the glucocorticoids&#46; The skin lesions disappeared after the first administration of therapy&#46; The patient has to date received 6 cycles of omalizumab at a dose of 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;every 4 weeks and continues to be asymptomatic&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Both the acute phase reactants and the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">d</span>-dimer reached normal levels&#46; It was possible to withdraw the glucocorticoids maintaining just 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;day &#40;arthritis control&#41;&#46; Treatment with tofacitinib was re-started 2 weeks after treatment with omalizumab&#44; without incident&#46; On re-initiation of methotrexate the patient presented with an episode of transaminitis which was resolved on dose reduction&#46; No interactions or infections occurred during combined treatment&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is the first case to be described in the literature of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and NUV&#44; both autoimmune diseases with difficult management&#46; The patient presented with an extremely rapid and effective response to omalizumab with total disappearance of the skin lesions&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Baliu-Piqu&#233; C&#44; Narvaez-Garcia FJ&#44; Retamero A&#44; Grados D&#46; Dos enfermedades autoinmunes de dif&#237;cil manejo&#46; Reumatol Clin&#46; 2021&#59;17&#58;427&#8211;428&#46;</p>"
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                            0 => "A&#46; Fueyo-Casado"
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                            2 => "E&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Guerra"
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                            4 => "J&#46;A&#46; Cort&#233;s-Toro"
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                        "fecha" => "2017"
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Successful treatment of normocomplementemic urticarial&#46; vasculitis with omalizumab&#58; a report of three cases and literature review"
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                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Rattananukrom"
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ISSN: 21735743
Original language: English
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