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Images in Clinical Rheumatology
Asymptomatic pulmonary embolism secondary to cement leakage after vertebroplasty
Embolismo pulmonar asintomático secundario a fuga de cemento tras vertebroplastia
Ana Cecilia Arana-Guajardoa,
Corresponding author
ana.aranag@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Arnoldo Levi Cavazos-Arandab
a Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Medicina Interna, Escuela Nacional de Medicina Sistema Tec Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
b Servicio de Neumología, Christus Muguerza AE, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 65-year-old female assessed for low back pain with a history of CT-guided percutaneous vertebroplasty 4 years previously secondary to vertebral fracture due to osteoporosis&#46; As mentioned by the patient&#44; the procedure was performed without complications and from it she achieved partial improvement of pain&#46; On questioning she denied any respiratory symptoms&#46; On physical examination the vital signs were normal&#44; with 99&#37; ambient air oxygen saturation&#46; In the thoracic assessment the heart sounds were rhythmic&#44; without murmurs&#44; and the lung fields were not altered&#46; Lumbar spine ranges of motion were diminished and there was pain on active and passive movement&#46; Lumbar spine radiography showed scoliosis&#44; as well as volume loss and the presence of radiopaque material at L3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Chest radiography showed the presence of radio-opaque material in right-dominant pulmonary vascular distribution &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; Vertebral fracture is the most common complication of osteoporosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In some patients vertebroplasty is used to reduce pain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> This procedure involves the injection of cement to stabilise the anterior spine&#46; Leakage of material has been reported in 30&#37;&#8211;65&#37; of patients&#46; The risk factors described for this complication are&#58; intravertebral fissure&#44; cortical disruption and procedure-related factors &#40;viscosity of the cement and volume of cement injected&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> It is considered that overfill of the vertebral body or inadvertent puncture into the radiated veins will facilitate the migration of cement into the perivertebral venous plexus&#44; to pass through the hemiazygous vein&#44; the azygous vein and flow into the inferior vena cava&#44; which is where polymerisation of the material and embolism will occur&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Most patients have reported asymptomatic side effects&#46; In cases of pulmonary embolism&#44; it has been reported that 26&#37; will be asymptomatic<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and in &#60;1&#37; of cases will present some symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> The patient was sent to rehabilitation and treated with analgesics&#44; with a good short-term outcome&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interest to declare and the patient was asked for their consent to use the images&#46;</p></span></span>"
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