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          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PET-CT performed 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min following intravenous administration of 200&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MBq <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG&#46; Emission and attenuation-corrected images with low-dose CT&#44; from skull vault to upper third of the thighs &#40;whole body protocol&#41;&#46; A hypermetabolic mass in the right iliac region&#44; multi-lobed&#44; of approximately 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and high uptake intensity &#40;SUVmax 14&#46;64&#41;&#46; It encompasses the prosthetic material of the hip and extends cranially towards the iliac muscle&#44; causing bone destruction of the iliac wing&#44; the coxofemoral joint and the ischium &#40;arrow&#41;&#46; Ametabolic zones are associated indicative of a necrotic&#47;cystic component &#40;star&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a 66-year-old patient&#44; recently diagnosed with bladder carcinoma after a haematuria study&#44; with a picture of lameness and a painless right groin mass&#44; of hard consistency on palpation&#46; As personal background&#44; we highlight a total right hip arthroplasty a few years ago due to severe osteoarthritis&#46; The AP bilateral hip X-ray showed significant bone destruction of the right coxofemoral joint &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; In light of these findings&#44; an <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG PET CT was performed as an extension study of the primary bladder neoformative process&#44; with the possibility of metastatic bone involvement&#46; In the images at 60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min post-injection of <span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span>F-FDG a large mass of hypermetabolic multi-lobed soft tissue was observed in the right iliac region&#44; which included the prosthetic material and produced lysis of the iliac wing&#44; with significant destruction of the coxofemoral joint &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; A biopsy was performed in view of the findings indicating malignancy&#44; the result was particle disease due to wear and tear of the arthroplasty components&#46; The patient refused surgical revision and is currently undergoing regular follow-up&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Commentary</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The particles produced by the friction mechanism of the prosthesis migrate to the prosthesis-bone interface and produce a biological response that causes linear or rounded areas of osteolysis&#44; similar to tumour or infectious processes&#44; leading to loosening and displacement of the prosthesis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Macrophages are the cells responsible for the recognition of these particles and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to the activation of osteoclasts&#44; which are responsible for periprosthetic bone resorption&#46; This hyperosteoclastogenesis induced by joint implant degeneration products constitutes the most common mechanism of failure of arthroplasties after 10 years&#44; with few cases before this time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> Radiographic evidence of periprosthetic bone loss is a slow process and infrequent under 5 years following implantation&#46; Therefore&#44; it is recommended that patients are periodically evaluated by radiological study &#40;especially at 5&#8211;8 years&#41; to rule out subclinical periprosthetic osteolysis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> It is essential to know the physiopathology and morphological-functional characteristics of this entity&#44; which produces a local inflammatory state that is difficult to distinguish from aggressive processes&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Total joint replacement is the optimal therapeutic strategy for patients with late-stage osteoarthritis of the hip or knee&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a> Preoperative &#40;radiological severity&#44; comorbidities&#44; disability&#44; educational level&#41;&#44; perioperative &#40;length of stay in hospital&#44; place of discharge&#41; and postoperative &#40;complications&#41; determinants have been identified that contribute to assessing the improvement of pain and functional quality of life&#44; and that facilitate health economic analyses in the field of osteoarthritis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Authors</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Manuscript concept and design&#58; Elena Espinosa Mu&#241;oz&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data collection&#58; Elena Espinosa Mu&#241;oz&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis and interpretation&#58; Elena Espinosa Mu&#241;oz&#44; Antonio Luis Guti&#233;rrez Cardo&#44; Carmen Puentes Zarzuela&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Writing&#44; review and approval of the manuscript&#58; Elena Espinosa Mu&#241;oz&#44; Antonio Luis Guti&#233;rrez Cardo&#44; Carmen Puentes Zarzuela&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflict of interests to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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