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Vol. 20. Issue 8.
Pages 403-408 (October 2024)
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Vol. 20. Issue 8.
Pages 403-408 (October 2024)
Original Article
Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients using methotrexate: A cross-sectional study in a sample with rheumatoid arthritis
Síntomas gastrointestinales en pacientes que utilizan metotrexato: estudio transversal en una muestra con artritis reumatoide
Carina Albuquerque Roberto, Isabela Stachevski, Barbara Stadler Kahlow, Renato Nisihara
Corresponding author
, Thelma Skare
Mackenzie Evangelical School of Medicine, Curitiba, Brazil
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Description of the study sample: 192 rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Table 2. Methotrexate intolerance severity score (MISS) values according studied nominal variables (column 1).
Table 3. Comparison of the different domains of methotrexate intolerance severity score (MISS) in rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without associated fibromyalgia (FM).
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Abstract
Background

Gastrointestinal intolerance is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using methotrexate and may lead to treatment discontinuation.

Aim

To study the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of RA methotrexate users as well as its possible association with clinical and epidemiological variables.

Methods

Cross-sectional study of 192 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms using the MISS (methotrexate intolerance severity score). Clinical and epidemiological variables were collected through chart review and direct questioning. Patients’ adherence to methotrexate was evaluated through Moriski–Green–Levin questionnaire.

Results

The prevalence of gastrointestinal complaints was high with 55.7% of the sample classified as intolerant. Nausea and pain after drug ingestion were the most common reported complaints. This intolerance was associated with afro-descendant background (p=0.02); presence of associated fibromyalgia (p=0.04), concomitant use of glucocorticoids (p=0.03) and Jak inhibitors (0.03). A tendency towards association with leflunomide use was observed (p=0.06). Logistic regression was used to test drug associations with methotrexate intolerance, and showed that glucocorticoid use was independently associated with methotrexate intolerance OR=1.85; 95% CI=1.01–3.44; p=0.04. Route of administration, presence of previous gastric complaints, age and methotrexate dose did not interfere with MISS. MISS results were associated with moderate adherence to the drug.

Conclusions

There is a high rate of methotrexate intolerance that is more common in afro-descendants, those with associated fibromyalgia, glucocorticoid and Jak inhibitors users.

Keywords:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Methotrexate
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Resumen
Antecedentes

La intolerancia gastrointestinal es común en pacientes con artritis reumatoide (AR) que usan metotrexato y puede llevar a la interrupción del tratamiento.

Objetivo

Estudiar la prevalencia de síntomas gastrointestinales en una muestra de usuarios de metotrexato en AR, así como su posible asociación con variables clínicas y epidemiológicas.

Métodos

Estudio transversal de 192 pacientes con síntomas gastrointestinales mediante el Methotrexate Intolerance Severity Score (MISS). Las variables clínicas y epidemiológicas se recogieron mediante revisión de historias clínicas y cuestionario directo. La adherencia de los pacientes al metotrexato se evaluó mediante el cuestionario Moriski-Green-Levin.

Resultados

La prevalencia de molestias gastrointestinales fue alta, con un 55,7% de la muestra clasificados como intolerantes. Las náuseas y el dolor después de la ingestión de fármacos fueron las quejas más comunes. Esta intolerancia se asoció con el origen afrodescendiente (p=0,02); presencia de fibromialgia asociada (p=0,04) y el uso concomitante de glucocorticoides (p=0,03) e inhibidores de Jak (0,03). Se observó una tendencia a la asociación con el uso de leflunomida (p=0,06). Se utilizó la regresión logística para probar las asociaciones de medicamentos con la intolerancia al metotrexato y mostró que el uso de glucocorticoides se asoció de forma independiente con la intolerancia al metotrexato OR=1,85; IC del 95%=1,01-3,44 (p=0,04). La vía de administración, la presencia de molestias gástricas previas, la edad y la dosis de metotrexato no interfirieron con el MISS. Los resultados del MISS se asociaron con una adherencia moderada al fármaco.

Conclusiones

Existe una alta tasa de intolerancia al metotrexato que es más común en personas afrodescendientes, con fibromialgia asociada, usuarios de glucocorticoides e inhibidores de Jak.

Palabras clave:
Artritis reumatoide
Metotrexato
Síntomas gastrointestinales

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