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"documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2024;20:452-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>" "titulo" => "Adalimumab treatment of resistant chondrocalcinosis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "452" "paginaFinal" => "453" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tratamiento con adalimumab de la condrocalcinosis resistente" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 948 "Ancho" => 975 "Tamanyo" => 53824 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CPPD on the patient's direct radiograph.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Fatih Tastekin, Kenan Aksu" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fatih" "apellidos" => "Tastekin" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Kenan" "apellidos" => "Aksu" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574324001163?idApp=UINPBA00004M" "url" => "/21735743/0000002000000008/v1_202410110607/S2173574324001163/v1_202410110607/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:15 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>" "titulo" => "Letter to the Editor in response to: “Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: An extra muscular manifestation of anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis. Report of 2 cases”" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor," "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "454" "paginaFinal" => "455" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Santiago Campbell-Silva, Iyuleisa Castro-González, Santiago Campbell-Quintero, Sebastián Campbell-Quintero" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Santiago" "apellidos" => "Campbell-Silva" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "santiago.campbell@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Iyuleisa" "apellidos" => "Castro-González" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Santiago" "apellidos" => "Campbell-Quintero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Sebastián" "apellidos" => "Campbell-Quintero" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Clínica Mediláser, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital María Inmaculada, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Carta al editor en respuesta a: «Neumomediastino espontáneo: una manifestación extramuscular de la dermatomiositis anti-MDA5. Reporte de 2 casos»" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1441 "Ancho" => 2216 "Tamanyo" => 225028 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Proposed classification of pneumomediastinum.</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">* Precipitating factors can act upon predisposing factors.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">I read with interest the clinical cases published by Dr Arango Guerra et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> on spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with anti-MDA dermatomyositis.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Historically, pneumomediastinum has been divided into two groups: spontaneous, when pneumomediastinum occurs without an apparent cause, and secondary, when an event that triggers it can be identified. In line with the above, we consider that the pneumomediastinum described by the authors was not spontaneous, as both cases presented a previous lesion in the lung parenchyma, due to the interstitial involvement caused by anti-MDA dermatomyositis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and this damage predisposes patients to pneumomediastinum. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum cannot have a predisposing disease or precipitating factors: it must occur "spontaneously". This type of pneumomediastinum, according to its definition, is better termed primary, because it does not have a specific cause that gave rise to it. The classification of pneumomediastinum by "spontaneous" and "secondary" is imprecise and should be avoided due to numerous predisposing factors and triggering events present in what is currently called "spontaneous." We believe that the names of medical disorders should optimally reflect the underlying pathophysiology, and when traditional names of disorders lead to confusion between different pathophysiological processes, the name should be changed.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We prefer terminology that takes into account not only the aetiology of pneumomediastinum but that also helps to guide selective management strategies for better care and is also easy to remember and useful for teaching purposes.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2,3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Truly "spontaneous" (primary) pneumomediastinum, as expressed, cannot have a specific apparent aetiology, and we emphasise that it cannot have any evident causal factor by its definition, unlike the secondary case, where there are various factors that can trigger this. This classification reflects clinical rather than pathophysiological circumstances and is therefore confusing and inappropriate for our point of view. Consequently, we believe that classification should evolve towards a greater degree of precision (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If a pneumomediastinum has a predisposing factor that compromises the lung structure, whether congenital, hereditary or genetic (bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, surfactant changes, etc.) or acquired (asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease, COVID-19, etc.), it cannot be spontaneous because there is an underlying disease that gives rise to a predisposition. Similarly, pneumomediastinum that occurs due to a precipitating factor (coughing, labour, intense exercise, use of inhaled drugs, mechanical ventilation, etc.) in a healthy person or with an underlying lung disease, cannot be spontaneous either, as there is an immediate triggering event that causes this. These factors may be present at the same time and cause pneumomediastinum: for example. cough or vomiting and acquired lung disease. The resulting pneumomediastinum is thus secondary.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Likewise, pneumomediastinum that occurs in other conditions such as anorexia nervosa, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, malnutrition, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, diabetic ketoacidosis, etc., is not spontaneous either.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary pneumomediastinum is a truly rare event and very rarely reported in the medical literature.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–7</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The true definition and classification of pneumomediastinum does not match what has been published. The definition has thus been misused.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The term "spontaneous" pneumomediastinum should be omitted here and termed primary pneumomediastinum.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Primary pneumomediastinum is a pneumomediastinum that occurs without any obvious causal factor (predisposing or precipitating). Under these conditions, it is a supremely rare condition.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secondary pneumomediastinum is a pneumomediastinum that occurs when there is an obvious causal factor (predisposing or precipitating, or both). This is the most frequently reported condition.</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Funding</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1441 "Ancho" => 2216 "Tamanyo" => 225028 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Figure " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Proposed classification of pneumomediastinum.</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">* Precipitating factors can act upon predisposing factors.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neumomediastino espontáneo: una manifestación extramuscular de la dermatomiositis anti-MDA5. Reporte de 2 casos" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Arango Guerra" 1 => "S. Monsalve Yepes" 2 => "A. Chavarriaga Restrepo" 3 => "C.J. Velasquez Franco" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Reumatol Clin" "fecha" => "2024" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "218" "paginaFinal" => "222" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letter to the Editor in response to: management of pediatric patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a retrospective chart review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. Campbell-Silva" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.03.042" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr Surg" "fecha" => "2024" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neumomediastino primario" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S. Campbell-Silva" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.24245/mim.v38i4.7608" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Int Méx" "fecha" => "2022" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "967" "paginaFinal" => "970" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K. Kira" 1 => "R. Inokuchi" 2 => "H. Maehara" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/bcr-2015-213550" "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ Case Rep" "fecha" => "2016" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Idiopathic pneumomediastinum – case report and review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "I.V. Novakov" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.15547/tjs.2019.03.015" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Trakia J Sci" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "269" "paginaFinal" => "272" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neumomediastino espontáneo idiopático. Primer caso pediátrico en Colombia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.N. Archila-Díaz" 1 => "J. Walteros-Cárdenas" 2 => "V.M. Mora-Bautista" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.18273/revmed. v32n2-2019006" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med UIS" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "47" "paginaFinal" => "52" ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A rare case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a young healthy man" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Wahab" 1 => "S. Chaudhary" 2 => "S.J. Smith" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "195" "paginaInicial" => "A5491" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735743/0000002000000008/v1_202410110607/S2173574324001102/v1_202410110607/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8400" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the Editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000002000000008/v1_202410110607/S2173574324001102/v1_202410110607/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574324001102?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ]
