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Los antipalúdicos son antiguos fármacos utilizados desde el siglo XIX para el tratamiento de las manifestaciones cutáneas del lupus y de la artritis reumatoide. En las últimas décadas, estos fármacos han consolidado su uso en dichas enfermedades y han incorporado nuevos mecanismos de acción, ampliando sus perspectivas terapéuticas. Son el tratamiento de elección en las manifestaciones leves y moderadas del lupus eritematoso sistémico y se han asentado como terapia combinada en la artritis reumatoide. Han mostrado sus efectos beneficiosos sobre la aterosclerosis, así como un possible papel en el tratamiento precoz del síndrome antifosfolipídico. Finalmente, muestran una potencial utilidad en otras enfermedades reumáticas como el síndrome de Sjögren y el reumatismo palindrómico. Esta revisión trata de realizar una puesta al día del uso de estos fármacos en reumatología, así como del control de su toxicidad.
Palabras clave:
Antipalúdicos
Cloroquina
Hidroxicloroquina
Lupus eritematoso sistémico
Artritis reumatoide
Antimalarials are long-standing drugs that have been used since the nineteenth century for the treatment of skin rashes and lesions in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. In recent decades, their use in these disorders has been consolidated, and new mechanisms of action have been incorporated, broadening the therapeutic perspectives of these drugs. Antimalarials are the treatment of choice in mild and moderate manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and are established as part of combined therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. They have been shown to have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, as well as a possible role in the early treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome. Lastly, they have been shown to have a potential use in other rheumatic diseases such as Sjögren’s Syndrome and palindromic rheumatism. This review aims to provide an update on the use of these drugs in rheumatology and to discuss their toxicity profile.
Key words:
Antimalarials
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
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