Información del artículo
Abstract
Although there are some differential aspects related to peak bone mass acquisition and later bone loss throughout life between genders, the frequency of osteoporosis in young individuals is similar for both genders. In addition, in this population group, the development of osteoporosis is frequently associated with secondary causes. Indeed, nearly 50% of young individuals with osteoporosis have diseases or therapies related to the development of this disorder, with glucocorticoid therapy being one of the most frequently associated conditions. There are several other processes, which have also been associated with such a disorder in these individuals, but the causes differ between genders. In addition, idiopathic osteoporosis is also a frequent condition in these patients. In this subgroup of patients, a family history of osteoporosis or hypercalciuria is also a frequently associated finding. Because of that, in order to rule out secondary causes of osteoporosis, the laboratory studies performed to these patients should be extensive. Although there is few data on the treatment of these patients, basic rules such as exercise, correct calcium and vitamin D consumption, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco consumption should be advised. Drug therapy will depend on the cause of osteoporosis. However, it should be taken into account that most young women are of childbearing age, so drug therapy in these patients should be evaluated cautiously
Keywords:
Osteoporosis
Young adults
Fractures
Premenopausal osteoporosis
Osteopenia
Resumen
Aunque existen aspectos diferenciales relacionados con la adquisición del pico de masa ósea y la pérdida ósea que se produce a lo largo de la vida entre ambos sexos, la frecuencia de osteoporosis en individuos jóvenes es similar en ambos sexos. Sin embargo, en este grupo de población el desarrollo de osteoporosis suele asociarse a causas secundarias; de hecho, se ha descrito que alrededor del 50% de los individuos jóvenes con osteoporosis, tanto hombres como mujeres, presentan enfermedades o fármacos relacionados con su desarrollo, siendo el tratamiento prolongado con glucocorticoides una de las causas más frecuentes. Existen otros procesos que también han sido implicados en su desarrollo y que varían según el sexo del individuo. Por otro lado, la osteoporosis idiopática es otra causa frecuente de disminución de la masa ósea en estos pacientes, en donde la historia familiar de osteoporosis y la presencia de hipercalciuria son hallazgos habituales. Por esto, la valoración de estos pacientes precisa de un estudio minucioso para descartar causas secundarias de osteoporosis. Aunque existen pocos estudios sobre el tratamiento de este proceso en este grupo de población, son aconsejables una serie de normas básicas que incluyan ejercicio físico, ingesta adecuada de calcio y vitamina D, y evitar el consumo de tabaco y alcohol. El tratamiento farmacológico dependerá de la etiología de la osteoporosis y del sexo del paciente. Debe recordarse que la mayoría de las mujeres jóvenes se encuentran en edad fértil, por lo que el tratamiento farmacológico en este grupo de población siempre deberá valorarse con cautela.
Palabras clave:
Osteoporosis
Joven
Fracturas
Osteoporosis premenopáusica
Osteopenia
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