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Vol. 1. Núm. 2.
Páginas 121-128 (julio - agosto 2005)
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Vol. 1. Núm. 2.
Páginas 121-128 (julio - agosto 2005)
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The gut: beyond immunology
El intestino: más allá de la inmunología
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Y. Richaud-Patin, E. Soto-Vega, L. Llorente
Autor para correspondencia
lllyrp@quetzal.innsz.mx

Correspondene: Dr. L. Llorente. Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Vasco de Quiroga, 15. Tlalpán. 14000 México DF. México.
Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. México DF. México
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The immune system is characterized by the ability to distinguish self from non-self. The intestinal immune system bears this latter property but, furthermore, it must discriminate among nutritious and beneficial substances from toxic or harmful ones. Considering that the gut has to be colonized by commensal bacteria participating in digestion as well as in the control of pathogen microorganisms, it is not surprising that mucosal surfaces are the largest and probably the most exquisitely specialized immune system's compartment. This means that not only innate and adaptive immunity are present, but further, particular structures, cells, and mechanisms such as physical barrriers, epithelia, Peyer's patches, M cells among others, which together are involved in the dynamic control of the homeostasis between gut and its flora. The present review deals with some popular conceptions about the digestive system with particular emphasis on the gut's immunology.

Key words:
Mucosol immunity
Gut
Commensal flora
Yoghurt

El sistema inmunitario se caracteriza principalmente por la capacidad de distinguir lo propio de lo extraño. En el intestino, el sistema inmunitario no sólo comparte esta propiedad, sino que es, además, apto para seleccionar los componentes nutritivos y/o benéficos de aquellos ue pueden ser nocivos. Si se considera que el intestino es colonizado por bacterias comensales que contribuyen a a digestión y al control del crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos, no es sorprendente que sea la superficie mucosa el más extenso y, acaso, el más sofisticado de los compartimientos del sistema inmunitario. Así, las respuestas innata y adaptativa se suman a estructuras, células y mecanismos exquisitamente especializados, tales como el epitelio intestinal, las placas de Peyer, las células M, entre otros, que en conjunto son responsables del control dinámico de la homeostasis entre el intestino y su flora. La presente revisión versa sobre algunos conceptos populares sobre el aparato digestivo y hace hincapié en el papel del intestino como órgano inmunitario.

Palabras clave:
Inmunidad de mucosas
Intestino
Flora comensales
Yogur
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