array:23 [ "pii" => "S2173574308701552" "issn" => "21735743" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5743(08)70155-2" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01" "aid" => "70155" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2008" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2008;4:59-66" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2279 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 43 "HTML" => 1259 "PDF" => 977 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173574308701564" "issn" => "21735743" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5743(08)70156-4" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01" "aid" => "70156" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2008;4:67-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2221 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 50 "HTML" => 1267 "PDF" => 904 ] ] "en" => array:7 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Dorso-Lumbar Pain in a Woman Diagnosed With Ankylosing Spondylitis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "67" "paginaFinal" => "69" ] ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Raquel Almodóvar González, Jorge Juan Prada, Pedro Zarco Montejo, Francisco Javier Quirós Donate, Ramón Mazzucchelli Esteban" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Raquel" "apellidos" => "Almodóvar González" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jorge" "apellidos" => "Juan Prada" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pedro" "apellidos" => "Zarco Montejo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco Javier" "apellidos" => "Quirós Donate" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ramón" "apellidos" => "Mazzucchelli Esteban" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574308701564?idApp=UINPBA00004M" "url" => "/21735743/0000000400000002/v1_201305061543/S2173574308701564/v1_201305061543/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S2173574308701540" "issn" => "21735743" "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5743(08)70154-0" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2008-03-01" "aid" => "70154" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2008;4:55-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2185 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 43 "HTML" => 1592 "PDF" => 550 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Eosynophilic Fasciitis. Favorable Response to Treatment With Cyclosporin A" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "55" "paginaFinal" => "58" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Fascitis eosinofílica, respuesta favorable al tratamiento con ciclosporina A" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Jorge Jaimes-Hernández, Claudia Irene Meléndez-Mercado, Pablo Aranda-Pereira" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jorge" "apellidos" => "Jaimes-Hernández" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Claudia Irene" "apellidos" => "Meléndez-Mercado" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Pablo" "apellidos" => "Aranda-Pereira" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574308701540?idApp=UINPBA00004M" "url" => "/21735743/0000000400000002/v1_201305061543/S2173574308701540/v1_201305061543/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:8 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Raynaud's Phenomenon: Etiology and Management" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "59" "paginaFinal" => "66" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Beatriz E. Joven, Patricia E. Carreira" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Beatriz E." "apellidos" => "Joven" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "beatrizjoven@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Patricia E." "apellidos" => "Carreira" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondence: Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Avda. de Córdoba, s/n. 28041 Madrid. España." ] ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:99 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F.M. Wigley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMcp013013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "347" "paginaInicial" => "1001" "paginaFinal" => "1008" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12324557" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib2" "etiqueta" => "2." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "F.M. Wigley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "773" "paginaFinal" => "784" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8117541" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib3" "etiqueta" => "3." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Geographic variation in the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon: a 5 region comparison" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H.R. Maricq" 1 => "P.H. Carpentier" 2 => "M.C. Weinrich" 3 => "J.E. Keil" 4 => "Y. Palesch" 5 => "C. Biro" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "879" "paginaFinal" => "889" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9150076" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib4" "etiqueta" => "4." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of Raynaud phenomenon in the general population. A preliminary study by questionnaire" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H.R. Maricq" 1 => "M.C. Weinrich" 2 => "J.E. Keil" 3 => "E.C. LeRoy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Chronic Dis" "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "423" "paginaFinal" => "427" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3711250" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib5" "etiqueta" => "5." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence of primary Raynaud's phenomenon in young females" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "N. Olsen" 1 => "S.L. Neilsen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Scand J Clin Lab Invest" "fecha" => "1978" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "761" "paginaFinal" => "764" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib6" "etiqueta" => "6." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Different factors influencing the expression of Raynaud's phenomenon in men and women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Fraenkel" 1 => "Y. Zhang" 2 => "C.E. Chaisson" 3 => "H.R. Maricq" 4 => "S.R. Evans" 5 => "F. Brand" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/1529-0131(199902)42:2<306::AID-ANR13>3.0.CO;2-G" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "306" "paginaFinal" => "310" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10025925" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib7" "etiqueta" => "7." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Association between cigarette and alcohol consumption and Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Y.Y. Palesch" 1 => "I. Valter" 2 => "P.H. Carpentier" 3 => "H.R. Maricq" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Epidemiol" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "321" "paginaFinal" => "328" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10235172" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib8" "etiqueta" => "8." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Genetics factors in the etiology of systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F.K. Tan" 1 => "F.C. Arnett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "511" "paginaFinal" => "519" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11092201" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib9" "etiqueta" => "9." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Evolution of primary Raynaud’ phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) to connective tissue disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D.D. Gerbracht" 1 => "V.D. Steen" 2 => "G.L. Ziegler" 3 => "T.A. Medsger" 4 => "G.P. Rodnan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "28" "paginaInicial" => "87" "paginaFinal" => "92" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3871330" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib10" "etiqueta" => "10." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Longterm outcome of Raynaud's syndrome in a prospectively analyzed patient cohort" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "G.J. Landry" 1 => "J.M. Edwards" 2 => "R.B. McLafferty" 3 => "L.M. Taylor Jr." 4 => "J.M. Porter" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Vasc Surg" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "76" "paginaFinal" => "78" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8558745" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib11" "etiqueta" => "11." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Outcomes in primary Raynaud phenomenon: a metaanalysis of the frequency, rates and predictors of transition to secondary disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G. Spencer-Green" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med." "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "158" "paginaInicial" => "595" "paginaFinal" => "600" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9521223" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib12" "etiqueta" => "12." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Experiments relating to the peripheral mechanism involved in spasmodic arrest of the circulation of the fingers: a variety of Raynaud's disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T. Lewis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heart" "fecha" => "1929" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "7" "paginaFinal" => "101" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib13" "etiqueta" => "13." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increased alpha2-adrenergic constriction of isolated arterioles in diffuse scleroderma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "N.A. Flavahan" 1 => "S. Flavahan" 2 => "Q. Liu" 3 => "S. Wu" 4 => "W. Tidmore" 5 => "C.M. Wiener" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1886::AID-ANR27>3.0.CO;2-S" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "1886" "paginaFinal" => "1890" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10943881" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib14" "etiqueta" => "14." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J. Block" 1 => "W. Sequeira" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05118-7" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "357" "paginaInicial" => "2042" "paginaFinal" => "2048" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11438158" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673603128887" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib15" "etiqueta" => "15." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F.M. Wigley" 1 => "N.A. Flavahan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheum Dis Clin North Am" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "765" "paginaFinal" => "781" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8923595" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib16" "etiqueta" => "16." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mechanism of serum-mediated endothelial injury in scleroderma: identification of a granular enzyme in scleroderma skin and sera" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.B. Kahaleh" 1 => "P.S. Fan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Immunol Immunopathol" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "83" "paginaInicial" => "32" "paginaFinal" => "40" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9073533" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib17" "etiqueta" => "17." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Endothelial cell apoptosis in systemic sclerosis is induced by antibody-dependent cellmediated cytotoxicity via CD95" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Sgonc" 1 => "M.S. Gruschwitz" 2 => "G. Boeck" 3 => "N. Sepp" 4 => "J. Gruber" 5 => "G. Wick" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2550::AID-ANR24>3.0.CO;2-H" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "2550" "paginaFinal" => "2562" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11083280" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0016508508016740" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165085" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib18" "etiqueta" => "18." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Deficiency of calcitonin gene-related peptide in Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C.B. Bunker" 1 => "G. Teranghi" 2 => "D.R. Springall" 3 => "J.M. Polak" 4 => "P.M. Dowd" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "336" "paginaInicial" => "1530" "paginaFinal" => "1533" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1979366" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib19" "etiqueta" => "19." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The vasculopathy of Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N.A. Flavahan" 1 => "S. Flavahan" 2 => "S. Mitra" 3 => "M.A. Chotani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheum Dis Clin North Am" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "275" "paginaFinal" => "291" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12841295" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib20" "etiqueta" => "20." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Management of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ischemic lesions in scleroderma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L.K. Hummers" 1 => "F.M. Wigley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheum Dis Clin North Am" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "293" "paginaFinal" => "313" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12841296" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib21" "etiqueta" => "21." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Morphologic changes in the digital arteries of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "G.P. Rodnan" 1 => "R.L. Myerowitz" 2 => "G.O. Justh" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Medicine (Baltimore)" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "59" "paginaInicial" => "393" "paginaFinal" => "408" ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib22" "etiqueta" => "22." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increased but imbalanced expression of VEGF and its receptors has no positive effect on angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis skin" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Z. Mackiewicz" 1 => "A. Sukura" 2 => "D. Povilenaité" 3 => "A. Ceponis" 4 => "I. Virtanen" 5 => "M. Hukkanen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "641" "paginaFinal" => "646" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12412194" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib23" "etiqueta" => "23." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Vascular damage and lack of angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis skin" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Y.T. Konttinen" 1 => "Z. Mackiewicz" 2 => "P. Ruutttila" 3 => "A. Ceponis" 4 => "A. Sukura" 5 => "D. Povilenaité" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10067-003-0698-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "196" "paginaFinal" => "202" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14505210" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib24" "etiqueta" => "24." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increased circulating concentrations of the counter adhesive proteins sparc and thrombospondin-1 in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R.F. Macko" 1 => "A.C. Gelber" 2 => "B.A. Young" 3 => "M.H. Lowitt" 4 => "B. White" 5 => "F.M. Wigley" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Relationship to platelet and endothelial cell activation. J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "2565" "paginaFinal" => "2570" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib25" "etiqueta" => "25." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium. Measuring disease activity and functional status in patients with scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P.A. Merkel" 1 => "K. Herlyn" 2 => "R.W. Martin" 3 => "J.J. Anderson" 4 => "M.D. Mayes" 5 => "P. Bell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/art.10486" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "2410" "paginaFinal" => "2420" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12355489" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib26" "etiqueta" => "26." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Results from randomized clinical trial with 1-year follow-up" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "colaboracion" => "Comparison of sustained-release nifedipine and temperature biofeedback for treatment of primary Raynaud's phenomenon" "etal" => false ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Intern Med" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "160" "paginaInicial" => "1101" "paginaFinal" => "1108" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10789602" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib27" "etiqueta" => "27." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Raynaud's phenomenon: epidemiology and risk factors" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L. Fraenkel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Rheumatol Rep" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "123" "paginaFinal" => "128" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11890877" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib28" "etiqueta" => "28." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for digital vascular complications in systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B.J. Harrison" 1 => "A.J. Silman" 2 => "S. Hider" 3 => "A.L. Herrick" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "3312" "paginaFinal" => "3316" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib29" "etiqueta" => "29." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The association of estrogen replacement therapy and the Raynaud phenomenon in postmenopausal women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Fraenkel" 1 => "Y. Zhang" 2 => "C.E. Chaisson" 3 => "S.R. Evans" 4 => "P.W. Wilson" 5 => "D.T. Felson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "129" "paginaInicial" => "208" "paginaFinal" => "211" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9696729" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib30" "etiqueta" => "30." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effect of long-term estrogen therapy on brachial arterial endothelium-dependent vasodilation in women with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J. Lekakis" 1 => "C. Papamichel" 2 => "M. Mavrikakis" 3 => "A. Voutsas" 4 => "S. Stamatelopoulos" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "82" "paginaInicial" => "1555" "paginaFinal" => "1557" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874070" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib31" "etiqueta" => "31." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pharmacological differences between calcium antagonists" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.H. Opie" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Heart J" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "18" "numero" => "Suppl A" "paginaInicial" => "A71" "paginaFinal" => "A79" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9049541" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib32" "etiqueta" => "32." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.E. Thompson" 1 => "B. Shea" 2 => "V. Welch" 3 => "D. Fenlon" 4 => "J.E. Pope" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1841::AID-ART322>3.0.CO;2-8" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "1841" "paginaFinal" => "1847" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508437" …1 ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib33" "etiqueta" => "33." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost. oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double blind randomized study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "298" "paginaInicial" => "561" "paginaFinal" => "564" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib34" "etiqueta" => "34." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon: a meta-analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "145" "paginaFinal" => "150" ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib35" "etiqueta" => "35." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Amlodipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "524" "paginaFinal" => "525" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib36" "etiqueta" => "36." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Once daily felodipine in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Pharmacol" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "313" "paginaFinal" => "315" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib37" "etiqueta" => "37." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The clinical effect of felodipine and nifedipine in Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Clin Pharmacol" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "191" "paginaFinal" => "192" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib38" "etiqueta" => "38." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of isradipine, a new calcium-channel antagonist, in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon: a single-blind dose response study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cardiovasc Drugs Ther" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "397" "paginaFinal" => "401" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib39" "etiqueta" => "39." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rational use of calcium-channel antagonists in Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Op Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "584" "paginaFinal" => "588" ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib40" "etiqueta" => "40." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Double-blind placebo controlled crossover study of oral nicardipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "813" "paginaFinal" => "818" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib41" "etiqueta" => "41." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Inefficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with associated connective tissue disease: a double blind placebo controlled study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "858" "paginaFinal" => "859" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib42" "etiqueta" => "42." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with verapamil" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Pharmacol" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "76" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib43" "etiqueta" => "43." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon: effects of iloprost infusion therapy on serum cytokine, growth factor and soluble adhesion molecule levels" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Derm Venereol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "81" "paginaInicial" => "294" "paginaFinal" => "297" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib44" "etiqueta" => "44." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fan P-S. Modulation of endothelial gene expression by prostanoids in systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "43" "numero" => "Suppl" "paginaInicial" => "S258" ] ] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib45" "etiqueta" => "45." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A multiclinic, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of prostaglandin E1 in Raynaud's syndrome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "754" "paginaFinal" => "760" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib46" "etiqueta" => "46." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy of alprostail and iloprost in digital necrosis due to secondary Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "703" "paginaFinal" => "704" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib47" "etiqueta" => "47." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison between iloprost and alprostadil in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Scan J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "253" "paginaFinal" => "256" ] ] ] ] ] ] 47 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib48" "etiqueta" => "48." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Successful treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with prostacyclin" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thromb Haemost" "fecha" => "1981" "volumen" => "45" "paginaInicial" => "255" "paginaFinal" => "256" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 48 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib49" "etiqueta" => "49." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon by intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Dermatol" "fecha" => "1982" "volumen" => "106" "paginaInicial" => "81" "paginaFinal" => "89" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 49 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib50" "etiqueta" => "50." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intermittent epoprostenol (prostacyclin) infusion in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. A double-blind controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "1983" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "313" "paginaFinal" => "315" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 50 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib51" "etiqueta" => "51." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Infusion of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, for treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "47" "paginaInicial" => "43" "paginaFinal" => "47" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 51 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib52" "etiqueta" => "52." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Successful treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with Iloprost, a chemically stable prostacyclin analogue" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Rheumtol" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "220" "paginaFinal" => "226" ] ] ] ] ] ] 52 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib53" "etiqueta" => "53." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Placebo controlled study showing therapeutic benefit of iloprost in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "1403" "paginaFinal" => "1406" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 53 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib54" "etiqueta" => "54." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intravenous iloprost treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "1407" "paginaFinal" => "1414" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 54 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib55" "etiqueta" => "55." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. A multicenter, placebo-controlled, doubleblind study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Int Med" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "120" "paginaInicial" => "199" "paginaFinal" => "206" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 55 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib56" "etiqueta" => "56." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Iloprost and cicaprost for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Sys Rev" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "1" ] ] ] ] ] ] 56 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib57" "etiqueta" => "57." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oral iloprost as a treatment for Raynaud's syndrome: a double-blind, multicentre, placebo controlled study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "54" "paginaInicial" => "197" "paginaFinal" => "200" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 57 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib58" "etiqueta" => "58." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A randomized, double-blind study of cicaprost, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "35" "paginaFinal" => "40" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 58 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib59" "etiqueta" => "59." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oral iloprost treatment in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. A multicentre, placebo-controlled, doubleblind study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/1529-0131(199804)41:4<670::AID-ART14>3.0.CO;2-I" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "670" "paginaFinal" => "677" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 59 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib60" "etiqueta" => "60." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oral iloprost in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicentre, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "952" "paginaFinal" => "960" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 60 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib61" "etiqueta" => "61." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute effects of misoprostol on digital circulation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1994" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "80" "paginaFinal" => "83" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 61 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib62" "etiqueta" => "62." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Controlled multicenter double blind trial of an oral analog of prostacyclin in the treatment of primary Raynaud's phenomenon. French Microcirculation Society Multicentre Group for the Study of Vascular Acrosyndromes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "1917" "paginaFinal" => "1920" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 62 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib63" "etiqueta" => "63." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost. oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double blind randomized study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMJ" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "298" "paginaInicial" => "561" "paginaFinal" => "564" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 63 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib64" "etiqueta" => "64." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of long-term cyclic iloprost therapy in systemic sclerosis with Raynaud's phenomenon. A randomized, controlled study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "503" "paginaFinal" => "508" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 64 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib65" "etiqueta" => "65." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevention of vascular damage in scleroderma with angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibition" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "965" "paginaFinal" => "971" ] ] ] ] ] ] 65 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib66" "etiqueta" => "66." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Losartan therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma: clinical and biochemical findings in a fifteen-week, randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2646::AID-ANR21>3.0.CO;2-T" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "42" "paginaInicial" => "2646" "paginaFinal" => "2655" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 66 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib67" "etiqueta" => "67." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prazosin treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: a double blind single crossover study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "94" "paginaFinal" => "98" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S014067360314740X" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 67 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib68" "etiqueta" => "68." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A double-blind study of prazosin in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "120" "paginaInicial" => "329" "paginaFinal" => "331" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 68 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib69" "etiqueta" => "69." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prazoin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Sys Rev" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "1" ] ] ] ] ] ] 69 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib70" "etiqueta" => "70." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Efficacy and tolerability of a selective alpha(2C)-adrenergic receptor blocker in recovery from cold-induced vasospasm in scleroderma patients: a singlecenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/art.20665" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "3994" "paginaFinal" => "4001" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673602119192" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 70 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib71" "etiqueta" => "71." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Digital vascular response to topical glyceryl trinitrate, as measured by laser Doppler imaging, in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "324" "paginaFinal" => "328" ] ] ] ] ] ] 71 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib72" "etiqueta" => "72." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Preliminary thermographic evaluation of new nitroglycerine tape on the peripheral circulatory disturbance in systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "177" "paginaFinal" => "179" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 72 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib73" "etiqueta" => "73." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Acute effect of nitric oxide on Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01862-0" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "354" "paginaInicial" => "739" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 73 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib74" "etiqueta" => "74." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oral L-arginine can reverse digital necrosis in Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mol Cell Biochemi" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "244" "paginaInicial" => "139" "paginaFinal" => "141" ] ] ] ] ] ] 74 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib75" "etiqueta" => "75." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension. A randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind, crossover study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.056" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "1149" "paginaFinal" => "1153" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 75 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib76" "etiqueta" => "76." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sildenafil improves exercise ability and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hyper-tension associated with connective tissue disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "64" "numero" => "Suppl 111" "paginaInicial" => "109" ] ] ] ] ] ] 76 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib77" "etiqueta" => "77." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Sildenafil improved pulmonary hypertension and peripheral blood flow in patient with scleroderma-associated lung fibrosis and Raynaud phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Int Med" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "139" "paginaInicial" => "871" "paginaFinal" => "872" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 77 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib78" "etiqueta" => "78." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oral sildenafil for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/ard.2004.034488" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "64" "paginaInicial" => "1387" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 78 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib79" "etiqueta" => "79." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Use of tadalafil in a patient with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon not responding to sildenafil" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.mvr.2005.03.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Microvasc Res" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "178" "paginaFinal" => "179" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 79 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib80" "etiqueta" => "80." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Endothelin and endothelin receptor antagonists in systemic rheumatic disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/art.10895" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "1190" "paginaFinal" => "1199" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 80 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib81" "etiqueta" => "81." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Successful treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with bosentan in four patients with systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "1454" "paginaFinal" => "1456" ] ] ] ] ] ] 81 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib82" "etiqueta" => "82." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: Prevention by treatment with bosentan, an oral endothelin receptor antagonist" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "colaboracion" => "RAPIDS-1 Study Group" "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/art.20676" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "3985" "paginaFinal" => "3993" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 82 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib83" "etiqueta" => "83." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "1038" "paginaFinal" => "1043" ] ] ] ] ] ] 83 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib84" "etiqueta" => "84." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ketanserin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:2 [ "tituloSerie" => "Cochrane Database Sys Rev" "fecha" => "2005" ] ] ] ] ] ] 84 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib85" "etiqueta" => "85." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Calcitonin generelated peptide in treatment of severe peripheral vascular insufficiency in Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "342" "paginaInicial" => "80" "paginaFinal" => "82" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 85 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib86" "etiqueta" => "86." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Trial of platelet-inhibiting drug in scleroderma. Double-blind study with dipyridamole and aspirin" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "1984" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "1137" "paginaFinal" => "1143" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 86 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib87" "etiqueta" => "87." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A doubleblind controlled trial of low dose acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Vasa Suppl" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "71" "paginaFinal" => "75" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 87 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib88" "etiqueta" => "88." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Long-term low molecular weight heparin therapy for severe Raynaud's phenomenon: a pilot study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "499" "paginaFinal" => "502" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 88 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib89" "etiqueta" => "89." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Pharmacotherapy of Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Drugs" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "682" "paginaFinal" => "695" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 89 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib90" "etiqueta" => "90." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Effects of cilostazol in patients with Raynaud's syndrome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Cardiol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "92" "paginaInicial" => "1310" "paginaFinal" => "1315" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 90 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib91" "etiqueta" => "91." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The emerging problem of oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants in systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "4" "paginaFinal" => "8" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 91 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib92" "etiqueta" => "92." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: new insights and developments" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Rheumatol Rep" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "168" "paginaFinal" => "174" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 92 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib93" "etiqueta" => "93." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Probucol improves symptoms and reduces lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology (Oxford)" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "309" "paginaFinal" => "315" ] ] ] ] ] ] 93 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib94" "etiqueta" => "94." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of antioxidant therapy in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "349" "paginaFinal" => "356" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 94 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib95" "etiqueta" => "95." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ascorbic acid does not improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ …6] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1024/0300-9831.73.1.3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Vitam Nutr Res" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "73" "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "7" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 95 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib96" "etiqueta" => "96." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ …4] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosurg Spine" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "91" "paginaInicial" => "90" "paginaFinal" => "97" ] ] ] ] ] ] 96 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib97" "etiqueta" => "97." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An epidemiological survey of Raynaud's phenomenon" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ …5] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Vasc Surg" "fecha" => "1988" "volumen" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "167" "paginaFinal" => "170" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 97 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib98" "etiqueta" => "98." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Digital artery sympathectomy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ …1] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Hand Surg" "fecha" => "1980" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "550" "paginaFinal" => "556" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1521694208001058" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "15216942" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 98 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib99" "etiqueta" => "99." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Surgery for ischemic pain and Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma: a description of treatment protocol and evaluation of results" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ …3] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Microsurgery" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "75" "paginaFinal" => "79" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ …2] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735743/0000000400000002/v1_201305061543/S2173574308701552/v1_201305061543/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8383" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review Article" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000000400000002/v1_201305061543/S2173574308701552/v1_201305061543/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574308701552?idApp=UINPBA00004M" ]
Journal Information
Vol. 4. Issue 2.
Pages 59-66 (March - April 2008)
Vol. 4. Issue 2.
Pages 59-66 (March - April 2008)
Full text access
Raynaud's Phenomenon: Etiology and Management
Visits
5985
Beatriz E. Joven
, Patricia E. Carreira
Corresponding author
beatrizjoven@hotmail.com
Correspondence: Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Avda. de Córdoba, s/n. 28041 Madrid. España.
Correspondence: Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Avda. de Córdoba, s/n. 28041 Madrid. España.
Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
F.M. Wigley.
Raynaud's phenomenon.
N Engl J Med, 347 (2002), pp. 1001-1008
[3.]
H.R. Maricq, P.H. Carpentier, M.C. Weinrich, J.E. Keil, Y. Palesch, C. Biro, et al.
Geographic variation in the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon: a 5 region comparison.
J Rheumatol, 24 (1997), pp. 879-889
[4.]
H.R. Maricq, M.C. Weinrich, J.E. Keil, E.C. LeRoy.
Prevalence of Raynaud phenomenon in the general population. A preliminary study by questionnaire.
J Chronic Dis, 39 (1986), pp. 423-427
[5.]
N. Olsen, S.L. Neilsen.
Prevalence of primary Raynaud's phenomenon in young females.
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 37 (1978), pp. 761-764
[6.]
L. Fraenkel, Y. Zhang, C.E. Chaisson, H.R. Maricq, S.R. Evans, F. Brand, et al.
Different factors influencing the expression of Raynaud's phenomenon in men and women.
Arthritis Rheum, 42 (1999), pp. 306-310
[7.]
Y.Y. Palesch, I. Valter, P.H. Carpentier, H.R. Maricq.
Association between cigarette and alcohol consumption and Raynaud's phenomenon.
J Clin Epidemiol, 52 (1999), pp. 321-328
[8.]
F.K. Tan, F.C. Arnett.
Genetics factors in the etiology of systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon.
Curr Opin Rheumatol, 12 (2000), pp. 511-519
[9.]
D.D. Gerbracht, V.D. Steen, G.L. Ziegler, T.A. Medsger, G.P. Rodnan.
Evolution of primary Raynaud’ phenomenon (Raynaud's disease) to connective tissue disease.
Arthritis Rheum, 28 (1985), pp. 87-92
[10.]
G.J. Landry, J.M. Edwards, R.B. McLafferty, L.M. Taylor Jr., J.M. Porter.
Longterm outcome of Raynaud's syndrome in a prospectively analyzed patient cohort.
J Vasc Surg, 23 (1996), pp. 76-78
[11.]
G. Spencer-Green.
Outcomes in primary Raynaud phenomenon: a metaanalysis of the frequency, rates and predictors of transition to secondary disease.
Arch Intern Med., 158 (1998), pp. 595-600
[12.]
T. Lewis.
Experiments relating to the peripheral mechanism involved in spasmodic arrest of the circulation of the fingers: a variety of Raynaud's disease.
Heart, 14 (1929), pp. 7-101
[13.]
N.A. Flavahan, S. Flavahan, Q. Liu, S. Wu, W. Tidmore, C.M. Wiener, et al.
Increased alpha2-adrenergic constriction of isolated arterioles in diffuse scleroderma.
Arthritis Rheum, 43 (2000), pp. 1886-1890
[14.]
J. Block, W. Sequeira.
Raynaud's phenomenon.
Lancet, 357 (2001), pp. 2042-2048
[15.]
F.M. Wigley, N.A. Flavahan.
Raynaud's phenomenon.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 22 (1996), pp. 765-781
[16.]
M.B. Kahaleh, P.S. Fan.
Mechanism of serum-mediated endothelial injury in scleroderma: identification of a granular enzyme in scleroderma skin and sera.
Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 83 (1997), pp. 32-40
[17.]
R. Sgonc, M.S. Gruschwitz, G. Boeck, N. Sepp, J. Gruber, G. Wick.
Endothelial cell apoptosis in systemic sclerosis is induced by antibody-dependent cellmediated cytotoxicity via CD95.
Arthritis Rheum, 43 (2000), pp. 2550-2562
[18.]
C.B. Bunker, G. Teranghi, D.R. Springall, J.M. Polak, P.M. Dowd.
Deficiency of calcitonin gene-related peptide in Raynaud's phenomenon.
Lancet, 336 (1990), pp. 1530-1533
[19.]
N.A. Flavahan, S. Flavahan, S. Mitra, M.A. Chotani.
The vasculopathy of Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 29 (2003), pp. 275-291
[20.]
L.K. Hummers, F.M. Wigley.
Management of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ischemic lesions in scleroderma.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 29 (2003), pp. 293-313
[21.]
G.P. Rodnan, R.L. Myerowitz, G.O. Justh.
Morphologic changes in the digital arteries of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and Raynaud's phenomenon.
Medicine (Baltimore), 59 (1980), pp. 393-408
[22.]
Z. Mackiewicz, A. Sukura, D. Povilenaité, A. Ceponis, I. Virtanen, M. Hukkanen, et al.
Increased but imbalanced expression of VEGF and its receptors has no positive effect on angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis skin.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 20 (2002), pp. 641-646
[23.]
Y.T. Konttinen, Z. Mackiewicz, P. Ruutttila, A. Ceponis, A. Sukura, D. Povilenaité, et al.
Vascular damage and lack of angiogenesis in systemic sclerosis skin.
Clin Rheumatol, 22 (2003), pp. 196-202
[24.]
R.F. Macko, A.C. Gelber, B.A. Young, M.H. Lowitt, B. White, F.M. Wigley, et al.
Increased circulating concentrations of the counter adhesive proteins sparc and thrombospondin-1 in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
Relationship to platelet and endothelial cell activation. J Rheumatol, 29 (2002), pp. 2565-2570
[25.]
P.A. Merkel, K. Herlyn, R.W. Martin, J.J. Anderson, M.D. Mayes, P. Bell, et al.
Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium. Measuring disease activity and functional status in patients with scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon.
Arthritis Rheum, 46 (2002), pp. 2410-2420
[26.]
Comparison of sustained-release nifedipine and temperature biofeedback for treatment of primary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Results from randomized clinical trial with 1-year follow-up.
Arch Intern Med, 160 (2000), pp. 1101-1108
[27.]
L. Fraenkel.
Raynaud's phenomenon: epidemiology and risk factors.
Curr Rheumatol Rep, 4 (2002), pp. 123-128
[28.]
B.J. Harrison, A.J. Silman, S. Hider, A.L. Herrick.
Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for digital vascular complications in systemic sclerosis.
Arthritis Rheum, 4 (2002), pp. 3312-3316
[29.]
L. Fraenkel, Y. Zhang, C.E. Chaisson, S.R. Evans, P.W. Wilson, D.T. Felson.
The association of estrogen replacement therapy and the Raynaud phenomenon in postmenopausal women.
Ann Intern Med, 129 (1998), pp. 208-211
[30.]
J. Lekakis, C. Papamichel, M. Mavrikakis, A. Voutsas, S. Stamatelopoulos.
Effect of long-term estrogen therapy on brachial arterial endothelium-dependent vasodilation in women with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis.
Am J Cardiol, 82 (1998), pp. 1555-1557
[31.]
L.H. Opie.
Pharmacological differences between calcium antagonists.
Eur Heart J, 18 (1997), pp. A71-A79
[32.]
A.E. Thompson, B. Shea, V. Welch, D. Fenlon, J.E. Pope.
Calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis.
Arthritis Rheum, 44 (2001), pp. 1841-1847
[33.]
M. Rademaker, E.D. Cooke, N.E. Almond, J.A. Beacham, R.E. Smith, T.G. Mant, et al.
Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost. oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double blind randomized study.
BMJ, 298 (1989), pp. 561-564
[34.]
A.E. Thompson, J.E. Pope.
Calcium-channel blockers for Raynaud's phenomenon: a meta-analysis.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 44 (2005), pp. 145-150
[35.]
L. La Civita, N. Pitaro, M. Rossi, I. Gambini, D. Giuggioli, G. Cini, et al.
Amlodipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
Br J Rheumatol, 32 (1993), pp. 524-525
[36.]
C.G. Kallenberg, A.A. Wouda, L. Meems, H. Wesseling.
Once daily felodipine in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 40 (1991), pp. 313-315
[37.]
J.F. Schmidt, N. Valentin, S.L. Nielsen.
The clinical effect of felodipine and nifedipine in Raynaud's phenomenon.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 37 (1989), pp. 191-192
[38.]
J. Leppert, T. Jonasson, H. Nilsson, I. Ringqvist.
The effect of isradipine, a new calcium-channel antagonist, in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon: a single-blind dose response study.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther, 3 (1989), pp. 397-401
[39.]
M.G. Sturgill, J.R. Seibold.
Rational use of calcium-channel antagonists in Raynaud's phenomenon.
Curr Op Rheumatol, 10 (1998), pp. 584-588
[40.]
H. Wollersheim, T. Thien.
Double-blind placebo controlled crossover study of oral nicardipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 18 (1991), pp. 813-818
[41.]
J. Da Costa, J.A. Gomes, J. Espirito Santo, M. Queirós.
Inefficacy of diltiazem in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with associated connective tissue disease: a double blind placebo controlled study.
J Rheumatol, 14 (1987), pp. 858-859
[42.]
E.L. Kinney, G.G. Nicholas, J. Gallo, C. Pontoriero, R. Zelis.
The treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with verapamil.
J Clin Pharmacol, 22 (1982), pp. 74-76
[43.]
M. Mittag, P. Beckheinrich, U.F. Haustein.
Systemic sclerosis-related Raynaud's phenomenon: effects of iloprost infusion therapy on serum cytokine, growth factor and soluble adhesion molecule levels.
Acta Derm Venereol, 81 (2001), pp. 294-297
[44.]
M.B. Kahaleh, M. Matucci Cerinic.
Fan P-S. Modulation of endothelial gene expression by prostanoids in systemic sclerosis.
Arthritis Rheum, 43 (2000), pp. S258
[45.]
J.S. Mohrland, J.M. Porter, E.A. Smith, J. Belch, M.H. Simms.
A multiclinic, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of prostaglandin E1 in Raynaud's syndrome.
Ann Rheum Dis, 44 (1985), pp. 754-760
[46.]
P. Lamprecht, A. Schnabel, W.L. Gross.
Efficacy of alprostail and iloprost in digital necrosis due to secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
Br J Rheumatol, 37 (1998), pp. 703-704
[47.]
B. Marasini, M. Massarottti, B. Bottasso, R. Coppola, N. Del Papa, W. Maglione, et al.
Comparison between iloprost and alprostadil in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
Scan J Rheumatol, 33 (2004), pp. 253-256
[48.]
J.J. Belch, P. Newman, J.K. Drury, H. Capell, P. Leiberman, W.B. James, et al.
Successful treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with prostacyclin.
Thromb Haemost, 45 (1981), pp. 255-256
[49.]
P.M. Dowd, M.F.R. Martin, E.D. Cooke, S.A. Bow-Cock, R. Jones, P.A. Ieppe, et al.
Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon by intravenous infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2).
Br J Dermatol, 106 (1982), pp. 81-89
[50.]
J.J. Belch, J.K. Drury, H. Capell, C.D. Forbes, P. Newman, F. McKenzie, et al.
Intermittent epoprostenol (prostacyclin) infusion in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. A double-blind controlled trial.
Lancet, 1 (1983), pp. 313-315
[51.]
N.J. McHugh, M. Csuka, H. Watson, G. Belcher, A. Amadi, E.F. Ring, et al.
Infusion of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, for treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in systemic sclerosis.
Ann Rheum Dis, 47 (1988), pp. 43-47
[52.]
D.A. Yardumian, D.A. Isenberg, M. Rustin, G. Belcher, M.L. Snaith, P.M. Dowd, et al.
Successful treatment of Raynaud's syndrome with Iloprost, a chemically stable prostacyclin analogue.
Br J Rheumtol, 27 (1988), pp. 220-226
[53.]
M.V. Kyle, G. Belcher, B.L. Hazleman.
Placebo controlled study showing therapeutic benefit of iloprost in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
J Rheumatol, 19 (1992), pp. 1403-1406
[54.]
F.M. Wigley, J.R. Seibold, R.A. Wise, D.A. McCloskey, W.P. Dole.
Intravenous iloprost treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis.
J Rheumatol, 19 (1992), pp. 1407-1414
[55.]
F.M. Wigley, R.A. Wise, J.R. Seibold, D.A. McCloskey, G. Kujala, T.A. Medsger.
Intravenous iloprost infusion in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. A multicenter, placebo-controlled, doubleblind study.
Ann Int Med, 120 (1994), pp. 199-206
[56.]
J. Pope, D. Fenlon, A. Thompson, B. Shea, D. Furst, G. Wells, et al.
Iloprost and cicaprost for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis.
Cochrane Database Sys Rev, 1 (2005),
[57.]
J.J. Belch, H.A. Capell, E.D. Cooke, J.D. Kirby, C.S. Lau, R. Madhok, et al.
Oral iloprost as a treatment for Raynaud's syndrome: a double-blind, multicentre, placebo controlled study.
Ann Rheum Dis, 54 (1995), pp. 197-200
[58.]
C.S. Lau, J.J. Belch, R. Madhok, H. Cappell, A. Herrick, M. Jayson, et al.
A randomized, double-blind study of cicaprost, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 11 (1993), pp. 35-40
[59.]
F.M. Wigley, J.H. Korn, M.E. Csuka, T.A. Medsger Jr, N.F. Rothfield, M. Ellman, et al.
Oral iloprost treatment in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis. A multicentre, placebo-controlled, doubleblind study.
Arthritis Rheum, 41 (1998), pp. 670-677
[60.]
C.M. Black, L. Halkier Sorensen, J.J.F. Belch, S. Ullman, R. Madhik, A.J. Smith, et al.
Oral iloprost in Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicentre, placebo-controlled, dose-comparison study.
Br J Rheumatol, 37 (1998), pp. 952-960
[61.]
R.A. Wise, F. Wigley.
Acute effects of misoprostol on digital circulation in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.
J Rheumatol, 21 (1994), pp. 80-83
[62.]
M. Vayssairat.
Controlled multicenter double blind trial of an oral analog of prostacyclin in the treatment of primary Raynaud's phenomenon. French Microcirculation Society Multicentre Group for the Study of Vascular Acrosyndromes.
J Rheumatol, 23 (1996), pp. 1917-1920
[63.]
M. Rademaker, E.D. Cooke, N.E. Almond, J.A. Beacham, R.E. Smith, T.G. Mant, et al.
Comparison of intravenous infusions of iloprost. oral nifedipine in treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double blind randomized study.
BMJ, 298 (1989), pp. 561-564
[64.]
R. Scorza, M. Caronni, B. Mascagni, V. Berruti, S. Bazzi, E. Micallef, et al.
Effects of long-term cyclic iloprost therapy in systemic sclerosis with Raynaud's phenomenon. A randomized, controlled study.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 19 (2001), pp. 503-508
[65.]
P. Maddison.
Prevention of vascular damage in scleroderma with angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibition.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 41 (2002), pp. 965-971
[66.]
M. Dziadzio, C.P. Denton, R. Smith, K. Howell, A. Blann, E. Bowers, et al.
Losartan therapy for Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma: clinical and biochemical findings in a fifteen-week, randomized, parallel-group, controlled trial.
Arthritis Rheum, 42 (1999), pp. 2646-2655
[67.]
I.J. Russell, J.A. Lessard.
Prazosin treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: a double blind single crossover study.
J Rheumatol, 12 (1985), pp. 94-98
[68.]
R.S. Surwit, R.S. Gilgor, L.M. Allen, M. Duvic.
A double-blind study of prazosin in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma.
Arch Dermatol, 120 (1984), pp. 329-331
[69.]
J. Pope, D. Fenlon, A. Thompson, B. Shea, D. Furst, G. Wells, et al.
Prazoin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis.
Cochrane Database Sys Rev, 1 (2005),
[70.]
R.A. Wise, F.M. Wigley, B. White, G. Leatherman, J. Zhong, H. Krasa, et al.
Efficacy and tolerability of a selective alpha(2C)-adrenergic receptor blocker in recovery from cold-induced vasospasm in scleroderma patients: a singlecenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study.
Arthritis Rheum, 50 (2004), pp. 3994-4001
[71.]
M.E. Anderson, T.L. Moore, S. Hollis, M.I. Jayson, T.A. King, A.L. Herrick.
Digital vascular response to topical glyceryl trinitrate, as measured by laser Doppler imaging, in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 41 (2002), pp. 324-328
[72.]
C. Kan, S. Akimoto, M. Abe, K. Okada, O. Ishikawa.
Preliminary thermographic evaluation of new nitroglycerine tape on the peripheral circulatory disturbance in systemic sclerosis.
Ann Rheum Dis, 61 (2002), pp. 177-179
[73.]
R.R. Freedman, R. Girgis, M.D. Mayes.
Acute effect of nitric oxide on Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma.
Lancet, 354 (1999), pp. 739
[74.]
C.M. Rembold, C.R. Ayers.
Oral L-arginine can reverse digital necrosis in Raynaud's phenomenon.
Mol Cell Biochemi, 244 (2003), pp. 139-141
[75.]
B.K.S. Sastry, C. Narasimhan, N. Krishna Reddy, B. Soma Raju.
Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension. A randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind, crossover study.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 43 (2004), pp. 1149-1153
[76.]
G. Simonneau, G. Burgess, T. Parpia, D. Badesch.
Sildenafil improves exercise ability and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hyper-tension associated with connective tissue disease.
Ann Rheum Dis, 64 (2005), pp. 109
[77.]
S. Rosenkranz, F. Diet, T. Karasch, J. Weinbrauc, K. Wasserman, E. Erdman.
Sildenafil improved pulmonary hypertension and peripheral blood flow in patient with scleroderma-associated lung fibrosis and Raynaud phenomenon.
Ann Int Med, 139 (2003), pp. 871-872
[78.]
J. Gore, R. Silver.
Oral sildenafil for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ulcers secondary to systemic sclerosis.
Ann Rheum Dis, 64 (2005), pp. 1387
[79.]
M. Baumhaekel, P. Scheffler, M. Boehm.
Use of tadalafil in a patient with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon not responding to sildenafil.
Microvasc Res, 69 (2005), pp. 178-179
[80.]
M.D. Mayes.
Endothelin and endothelin receptor antagonists in systemic rheumatic disease.
Arthritis Rheum, 48 (2003), pp. 1190-1199
[81.]
M. Ramos-Casals, P. Brito-Zeron, N. Nardi, G. Claver, G. Risco, F.D. Parraga, et al.
Successful treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon with bosentan in four patients with systemic sclerosis.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 43 (2004), pp. 1454-1456
[82.]
J.H. Korn, M. Mayes, M. Matucci-Cerinic, M. Rainisio, J. Pope, E. Hachulla, RAPIDS-1 Study Group, et al.
Digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: Prevention by treatment with bosentan, an oral endothelin receptor antagonist.
Arthritis Rheum, 50 (2004), pp. 3985-3993
[83.]
B. Coleiro, S.E. Marshall, C.P. Denton, K. Howell, A. Blann, K.I. Welsh, et al.
Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 40 (2001), pp. 1038-1043
[84.]
J. Pope, D. Fenlon, A. Thompson, B. Shea, D. Furst, G. Wells, et al.
Ketanserin for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis.
Cochrane Database Sys Rev, (2005),
[85.]
C.B. Bunker, C. Reavley, D. O'Shaughnessy, P.M. Dowd.
Calcitonin generelated peptide in treatment of severe peripheral vascular insufficiency in Raynaud's phenomenon.
Lancet, 342 (1993), pp. 80-82
[86.]
V.L. Beckett, D.L. Conn, V. Fuster, P.J. Osmundson, C.G. Strong, E.Y. Chao, et al.
Trial of platelet-inhibiting drug in scleroderma. Double-blind study with dipyridamole and aspirin.
Arthritis Rheum, 27 (1984), pp. 1137-1143
[87.]
J. van der Meer, A.A. Wouda, C.G. Kallenberg, H. Wesseling.
A doubleblind controlled trial of low dose acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon.
Vasa Suppl, 18 (1987), pp. 71-75
[88.]
C.P. Denton, K. Howell, R.J. Stratton, C.M. Black.
Long-term low molecular weight heparin therapy for severe Raynaud's phenomenon: a pilot study.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 18 (2000), pp. 499-502
[90.]
S. Rajagopalan, D. Pfenninger, E. Somers, C. Kehrer, A. Chakrabarti, D. Mukherjee, et al.
Effects of cilostazol in patients with Raynaud's syndrome.
Am J Cardiol, 92 (2003), pp. 1310-1315
[91.]
A.L. Herrick, M. Matucci Cerinic.
The emerging problem of oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants in systemic sclerosis.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 19 (2001), pp. 4-8
[92.]
A.L. Herrick.
Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon: new insights and developments.
Curr Rheumatol Rep, 5 (2003), pp. 168-174
[93.]
C.P. Denton, T.D. Bunce, M.B. Darado, Z. Roberts, H. Wilson, K. Howell, et al.
Probucol improves symptoms and reduces lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 38 (1999), pp. 309-315
[94.]
A.L. Herrick, S. Hollis, D. Schofield, F. Rieley, A. Blann, K. Griffin, et al.
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of antioxidant therapy in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 18 (2000), pp. 349-356
[95.]
M.E. Mavrikakis, J.P. Lekakis, C.M. Papamichael, K.S. Stamatelopoulos, Ch.C. Kostopoulos, S.F. Stamatelopoulos.
Ascorbic acid does not improve endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 73 (2003), pp. 3-7
[96.]
J.P. Johnson, C. Obasi, M.S. Hahn, P. Glatleider.
Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy.
J Neurosurg Spine, 91 (1999), pp. 90-97
[97.]
J.C. de Trafford, K. Lafferty, C.E. Potter, V.C. Roberts, L.T. Cotton.
An epidemiological survey of Raynaud's phenomenon.
Eur J Vasc Surg, 2 (1988), pp. 167-170
[98.]
A.E. Flatt.
Digital artery sympathectomy.
J Hand Surg, 5 (1980), pp. 550-556
Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología