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ANA&#44; anti-Ro&#44; anti-La&#44; anticoagulante l&#250;pico&#44; factor reumatoide y anticardiolipina IgM&#46; Los anticuerpos anti-Sm&#44;&#160;anti-DNA y anti-membrana basal glomerular fueron negativos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En una biopsia renal se observ&#243; glomerulonefritis endocapilar difusa con dep&#243;sito de complejos inmunes y nefritis tubulointersticial&#46; Una fibrobroncoscopia confirm&#243; hemorragia alveolar &#40;hemosider&#243;fagos 40&#37;&#41; y descart&#243; infecci&#243;n&#46; Durante una evaluaci&#243;n posterior se observ&#243; perforaci&#243;n del tabique nasal y se confirm&#243; con el paciente consumo frecuente de coca&#237;na&#46; Adem&#225;s de insistir en el cese del consumo se continu&#243; tratamiento con prednisolona con buena respuesta cl&#237;nica y ascenso de hemoglobina&#44; pero con mejor&#237;a parcial de la funci&#243;n renal&#44; por lo cual se adicionaron bolos mensuales de ciclofosfamida&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os ha aumentado el reporte de casos de vasculitis asociada a consumo de coca&#237;na adulterada con levamisol&#46; Esta enfermedad puede comprometer m&#250;ltiples &#243;rganos y sistemas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hemorragia alveolar es infrecuente&#46; McGrath et al&#46; describieron una serie de 30 casos de vasculitis ANCA inducida por levamisol&#46; Tres de los casos presentaron hemorragia alveolar y en ninguno de ellos se logr&#243; demostrar compromiso renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; M&#225;s infrecuentes a&#250;n son los casos de s&#237;ndrome pulm&#243;n-ri&#241;&#243;n por esta entidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No existen criterios definitivos para su diagn&#243;stico&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se bas&#243; en elementos epidemiol&#243;gicos&#44; cl&#237;nicos y de laboratorio&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de los casos no se logra demostrar el contaminante levamisol ya que la prueba no se encuentra cl&#237;nicamente disponible y su medici&#243;n deber&#237;a realizarse dentro de las 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h despu&#233;s del &#250;ltimo consumo&#46; Se requiere un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha para indagar de forma acuciosa sobre el consumo de coca&#237;na&#46; El diagn&#243;stico diferencial es amplio&#46; Podr&#237;a confundirse con vasculitis asociadas con ANCA&#44; s&#237;ndrome de Goodpasture e incluso LES&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La vasculopat&#237;a secundaria a levamisol se caracteriza por t&#237;tulos elevados de p-ANCA dirigidos contra m&#250;ltiples ant&#237;genos inusuales&#44; as&#237; como por la positividad concomitante de c-ANCA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a>&#44; una expresi&#243;n inusual en pacientes con vasculitis primaria&#46; La positividad de m&#250;ltiples anticuerpos y el consumo de complemento puede hacer confundir con el LES&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tasa de recurrencia con el consumo continuado de coca&#237;na es alta&#46; No se conoce el papel de la terapia inmunosupresora ni existen esquemas de tratamiento definidos&#46; El paciente respondi&#243; de forma parcial con los esteroides y la suspensi&#243;n del agente causal&#46; La adici&#243;n de ciclofosfamida parece haber contribuido en la mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica final&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este caso representa un reto cl&#237;nico por la presentaci&#243;n at&#237;pica&#44; la gravedad de las manifestaciones y la dificultad para el diagn&#243;stico&#46; Es necesario conocer las diferentes manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas y de laboratorio causadas por el consumo de coca&#237;na&#47;levamisol y mantener un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha sobre la posibilidad de este consumo&#44; el cual suele ser negado por el paciente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaramos no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses para la preparaci&#243;n y el env&#237;o del presente escrito&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
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          "titulo" => "Observaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica"
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        6 => array:2 [
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    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-02-20"
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          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Vasculitis"
            1 => "Coca&#237;na"
            2 => "Levamisol"
            3 => "Hemorragia alveolar"
            4 => "S&#237;ndrome pulm&#243;n-ri&#241;&#243;n"
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            0 => "Vasculitis"
            1 => "Cocaine"
            2 => "Levamisole"
            3 => "Alveolar hemorrhage"
            4 => "Pulmonary-renal syndrome"
          ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome pulm&#243;n-ri&#241;&#243;n rara vez ha sido reportado como cuadro cl&#237;nico de presentaci&#243;n de vasculitis causada por el consumo de coca&#237;na contaminada con levamisol&#46; Se reporta el caso de un paciente con este cuadro cl&#237;nico y se se&#241;alan las dificultades que se presentaron durante el abordaje diagn&#243;stico y terap&#233;utico&#46;</p></span>"
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      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pulmonary-renal syndrome has rarely been reported as the clinical presentation of vasculitis caused by the consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole&#46; We report the case of a patient in whom we detected the clinical manifestations and indicate the difficulties that arose in relation to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Rayos X de t&#243;rax con infiltrados difusos en ambos campos pulmonares&#46; B&#41; Opacidades mixtas generalizadas observadas en tomograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax de alta resoluci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Prote&#237;nas en orina 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;10-150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Gl&#243;bulos blancos &#40;4&#46;500-11&#46;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;800&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Linfocitos &#40;1&#46;500-3&#46;500&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;800&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Eosin&#243;filos &#40;0-700&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Monocitos &#40;0-1&#46;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Bas&#243;filos &#40;0-200&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">315&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Vitamina B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">12</span> &#40;124-732<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">492&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Complemento C3 &#40;82-185<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Complemento C4 &#40;15-53<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ANA &#40;diluci&#243;n&#44; patr&#243;n&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#58;640&#44; moteado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-Ro &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">118&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-La &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-Sm &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-RNP &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-DNA nativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anticardiolipinas IgM &#40;0-12&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>MPL&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anticardiolipinas IgG &#40;0-15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GPL&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anticoagulante l&#250;pico confirmatorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Relaci&#243;n normalizada 1&#44;72 &#40;positivo&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-&#223;2 glicoprote&#237;na 1 IgG &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-&#223;2 glicoprote&#237;na 1 IgM &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ANCA Anti MPO &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">105&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ANCA Anti PR3 &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">48&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-membrana basal glomerular IgG &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Factor reumatoide &#40;0-30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo de protrombina &#40;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo parcial de tromboplastina &#40;s&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Caso clínico
Síndrome pulmón-riñón secundario a vasculitis por cocaína/levamisol: reporte de caso
Pulmonary-renal syndrome secondary to cocaine-levamisole-induced vasculitis: A case report
Mauricio Restrepo-Escobara,b,
Autor para correspondencia
mauricio.restrepoe@udea.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia.
, Dayana Sylvac, Juan Guillermo Gamboab,d, Andrés Echeverria, Javier Márqueza, Luis Fernando Pintoa
a Sección de Reumatología, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
c Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
d Sección de Medicina Interna, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
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durante una semana de malestar general&#44; palidez&#44; tos seca&#44; dolor tor&#225;cico y disnea&#46; Se encontr&#243; palidez mucocut&#225;nea&#44; hipoxemia y estertores en bases pulmonares&#46; Estaba normotenso&#44; sin taquicardia ni fiebre&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ten&#237;a anemia grave&#44; disfunci&#243;n renal y opacidades mixtas en ambos campos pulmonares &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> y <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Se diagnostic&#243; como s&#237;ndrome pulm&#243;n-ri&#241;&#243;n y se inici&#243; tratamiento con altas dosis de esteroides y transfusi&#243;n de gl&#243;bulos rojos&#46; Inicialmente se consider&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de lupus eritematoso sist&#233;mico &#40;LES&#41; por el hallazgo de hipocomplementemia&#46; En estudios adicionales se encontr&#243; positividad de m&#250;ltiples anticuerpos&#58; ANCA &#40;antimieloperoxidasa y antiproteinasa-3&#41;&#44; ANA&#44; anti-Ro&#44; anti-La&#44; anticoagulante l&#250;pico&#44; factor reumatoide y anticardiolipina IgM&#46; Los anticuerpos anti-Sm&#44;&#160;anti-DNA y anti-membrana basal glomerular fueron negativos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En una biopsia renal se observ&#243; glomerulonefritis endocapilar difusa con dep&#243;sito de complejos inmunes y nefritis tubulointersticial&#46; Una fibrobroncoscopia confirm&#243; hemorragia alveolar &#40;hemosider&#243;fagos 40&#37;&#41; y descart&#243; infecci&#243;n&#46; Durante una evaluaci&#243;n posterior se observ&#243; perforaci&#243;n del tabique nasal y se confirm&#243; con el paciente consumo frecuente de coca&#237;na&#46; Adem&#225;s de insistir en el cese del consumo se continu&#243; tratamiento con prednisolona con buena respuesta cl&#237;nica y ascenso de hemoglobina&#44; pero con mejor&#237;a parcial de la funci&#243;n renal&#44; por lo cual se adicionaron bolos mensuales de ciclofosfamida&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os ha aumentado el reporte de casos de vasculitis asociada a consumo de coca&#237;na adulterada con levamisol&#46; Esta enfermedad puede comprometer m&#250;ltiples &#243;rganos y sistemas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La hemorragia alveolar es infrecuente&#46; McGrath et al&#46; describieron una serie de 30 casos de vasculitis ANCA inducida por levamisol&#46; Tres de los casos presentaron hemorragia alveolar y en ninguno de ellos se logr&#243; demostrar compromiso renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; M&#225;s infrecuentes a&#250;n son los casos de s&#237;ndrome pulm&#243;n-ri&#241;&#243;n por esta entidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No existen criterios definitivos para su diagn&#243;stico&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se bas&#243; en elementos epidemiol&#243;gicos&#44; cl&#237;nicos y de laboratorio&#46; En la mayor&#237;a de los casos no se logra demostrar el contaminante levamisol ya que la prueba no se encuentra cl&#237;nicamente disponible y su medici&#243;n deber&#237;a realizarse dentro de las 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h despu&#233;s del &#250;ltimo consumo&#46; Se requiere un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha para indagar de forma acuciosa sobre el consumo de coca&#237;na&#46; El diagn&#243;stico diferencial es amplio&#46; Podr&#237;a confundirse con vasculitis asociadas con ANCA&#44; s&#237;ndrome de Goodpasture e incluso LES&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La vasculopat&#237;a secundaria a levamisol se caracteriza por t&#237;tulos elevados de p-ANCA dirigidos contra m&#250;ltiples ant&#237;genos inusuales&#44; as&#237; como por la positividad concomitante de c-ANCA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a>&#44; una expresi&#243;n inusual en pacientes con vasculitis primaria&#46; La positividad de m&#250;ltiples anticuerpos y el consumo de complemento puede hacer confundir con el LES&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La tasa de recurrencia con el consumo continuado de coca&#237;na es alta&#46; No se conoce el papel de la terapia inmunosupresora ni existen esquemas de tratamiento definidos&#46; El paciente respondi&#243; de forma parcial con los esteroides y la suspensi&#243;n del agente causal&#46; La adici&#243;n de ciclofosfamida parece haber contribuido en la mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica final&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este caso representa un reto cl&#237;nico por la presentaci&#243;n at&#237;pica&#44; la gravedad de las manifestaciones y la dificultad para el diagn&#243;stico&#46; Es necesario conocer las diferentes manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas y de laboratorio causadas por el consumo de coca&#237;na&#47;levamisol y mantener un alto &#237;ndice de sospecha sobre la posibilidad de este consumo&#44; el cual suele ser negado por el paciente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaramos no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses para la preparaci&#243;n y el env&#237;o del presente escrito&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Keywords"
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          "titulo" => "Introducci&#243;n"
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          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Observaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica"
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        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Discusi&#243;n"
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          "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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          "titulo" => "Conflicto de intereses"
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        9 => array:1 [
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    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2017-12-29"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-02-20"
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          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240308"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Vasculitis"
            1 => "Coca&#237;na"
            2 => "Levamisol"
            3 => "Hemorragia alveolar"
            4 => "S&#237;ndrome pulm&#243;n-ri&#241;&#243;n"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
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          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1240307"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Vasculitis"
            1 => "Cocaine"
            2 => "Levamisole"
            3 => "Alveolar hemorrhage"
            4 => "Pulmonary-renal syndrome"
          ]
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      ]
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome pulm&#243;n-ri&#241;&#243;n rara vez ha sido reportado como cuadro cl&#237;nico de presentaci&#243;n de vasculitis causada por el consumo de coca&#237;na contaminada con levamisol&#46; Se reporta el caso de un paciente con este cuadro cl&#237;nico y se se&#241;alan las dificultades que se presentaron durante el abordaje diagn&#243;stico y terap&#233;utico&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pulmonary-renal syndrome has rarely been reported as the clinical presentation of vasculitis caused by the consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole&#46; We report the case of a patient in whom we detected the clinical manifestations and indicate the difficulties that arose in relation to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Rayos X de t&#243;rax con infiltrados difusos en ambos campos pulmonares&#46; B&#41; Opacidades mixtas generalizadas observadas en tomograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax de alta resoluci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">Creatinina &#40;0&#44;60-1&#44;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Prote&#237;nas en orina 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h &#40;10-150<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;410&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Hemoglobina &#40;13&#44;0-17&#44;0<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g&#47;dl&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Gl&#243;bulos blancos &#40;4&#46;500-11&#46;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8&#46;100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Neutr&#243;filos &#40;1&#46;500-6&#46;100&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;800&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Linfocitos &#40;1&#46;500-3&#46;500&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;800&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Eosin&#243;filos &#40;0-700&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Monocitos &#40;0-1&#46;000&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Bas&#243;filos &#40;0-200&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Plaquetas &#40;150-450<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">315&#46;000&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Vitamina B<span class="elsevierStyleInf">12</span> &#40;124-732<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">492&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#193;cido f&#243;lico &#40;3&#44;5-19&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Anti-&#223;2 glicoprote&#237;na 1 IgM &#40;0-20 unidades&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">105&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Factor reumatoide &#40;0-30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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ISSN: 1699258X
Idioma original: Español
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