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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Chronic pain is classically defined as an unpleasant experience that persists for over 6 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> This definition&#44; based on the transient nature of that experience&#44; overlooks key components that accompany patients with chronic pain&#44; such as disability and the resulting reduction of physical activity&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> which generate an increase in absenteeism from work&#44; a significant loss of quality of life and a great socioeconomic impact&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the International Classification of Functioning&#44; Disability and Health&#44; disability is a multifactorial phenomenon in which physical&#44; mental and emotional functions alternate&#44; and which is present in chronic pain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5</span></a> Chronic pain affects 17&#46;25&#37; of the adult population in Spain&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and some authors have reported its prevalence to be around 23&#46;4&#37;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The early detection and management of pain proves to be especially important to mitigate its effects on the patients and health systems of the European countries&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> At the present time&#44; what we need in Spain are tools that are dynamic and simple enough to allow their immediate use&#44; enabling the rapid diagnosis and subclassification of patients with chronic nononcological pain&#44; since the management of patients of this type continues to need improvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire is a self-report instrument composed of 7 items that are scored on an 11-point Likert scale&#44; with a total range of 0&#8211;70 points&#46; It was originally designed in English for the evaluation of the intensity of chronic pain&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and has been validated for and translated to several languages&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> Two of these versions were generated in the primary care setting&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> The version updated in 2010 converted the initial questionnaire into a scale of 8 items&#44; the Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2&#46;0 &#40;GCPS&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this investigation is to produce a cross-cultural Spanish-language adaptation of the GCPS in a sample of patients who were being treated for chronic low back pain in Spanish primary care services&#46; As a secondary endpoint&#44; we plan to carry out an initial psychometric analysis of the efficacy of the tool in this sample population&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From September 2013 to July 2014&#44; we conducted a prospective observational study for the psychometric validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the GCPS&#46; The study was carried out in 2 phases&#58; &#40;a&#41; the application of a structured protocol for cross-cultural adaptation to determine the linguistic validity of the scale&#44; and &#40;b&#41; the verification of the psychometric properties of the scale&#44; which are described below in the section on Data Analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All the research procedures used in this study were established in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki and had been approved by the bioethics committee of Hospital Universitario La Paz in Madrid and by the research commission of the Health Care Administration &#40;Southwest&#41; for Primary Care in the Autonomous Community of Madrid&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cross-cultural adaptation of the GCPS involved the use of the 5-phase structured protocol proposed by Beaton et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The initial phases of the translation were carried out by 2 linguistics experts and 2 native English speakers with full proficiency in Spanish&#46; The final draft was subjected to an evaluation of the content validity before a panel of 6 expert judges&#44; which included specialists in psychometry&#44; linguistics and chronic pain&#46; The criteria for the selection of the experts were as follows<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#58; &#40;a&#41; experience in issuing rulings and evidence-based decision-making &#40;research&#44; publications and experience&#41;&#59; &#40;b&#41; availability and motivation to participate&#59; and &#40;c&#41; impartiality and flexibility&#46; The members of the panel of expert judges were asked to provide a qualitative assessment of each of the items &#40;degree of comprehensibility&#44; suitability of the wording and phrasing&#41;&#44; as well as a quantitative evaluation of the items&#44; taking into account the following points&#58; &#40;1&#41; appropriateness &#40;the item applies to the established theoretical factors&#41;&#59; &#40;2&#41; clarity &#40;the item is easy to understand and has the proper semantics and syntax&#41;&#59; &#40;3&#41; coherence &#40;the item is related to the factor that it measures&#41;&#59; and &#40;4&#41; relevance &#40;the item is essential and should be included&#41;&#46; The aspects to be evaluated for each item were scored using a 3-point Likert scale &#40;1&#58; Agree&#59; 2&#58; Neither agree nor disagree&#59; 3&#58; Disagree&#41;&#46; Once the information provided by the panel of expert judges had been established and analyzed&#44; a pilot test of the comprehensibility of the instrument was performed with 10 patients&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Validation of the Spanish Version</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A nonprobabilistic sample of 75 patients with chronic low back pain was obtained by consecutive recruitment in 3 health centers of the Community of Madrid&#44; Spain&#46; The sample size was calculated taking into account the proportion of individuals to items of 10&#58;1 recommended by Kline&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> All the recruited participants accepted voluntarily to participate in the study and gave their written informed consent&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients received a questionnaire on sociodemographic data&#44; the GCPS and a battery of self-report instruments to check the convergent validity&#59; these instruments were the Visual Analog Scale &#40;VAS&#41; to evaluate pain intensity&#44; the Spanish version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale &#40;PCS&#41; to analyze the level of catastrophism produced by the pain experience&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia &#40;TSK-11&#41; to evaluate fear of injury and of movement&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> the Spanish version of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire &#40;RMDQ&#41;&#44; which evaluates the physical disability caused by low back pain&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> the Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale &#40;CPSS&#41;&#44; which was used to evaluate the degree of self-efficacy&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> and the Spanish version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire &#40;FABQ&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Data Analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data from this study were analyzed using the SPSS software package &#40;version 22&#46;0&#41;&#46; The descriptive statistics are expressed as the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard deviation &#40;SD&#41;&#44; range and 95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41;&#46; The statistical inference utilized to verify the psychometric properties involved the use of the following tests&#58;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">content validity</span> of the final draft of the GCPS was calculated using Aiken&#39;s V coefficient&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;23</span></a> the value of which ranges between 0 and 1&#59; in principle&#44; values lower than 0&#46;70 should be rejected and should ultimately not be included&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">internal consistency</span> of the instrument was analyzed using Cronbach&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span> coefficient and item-total correlation&#46; Internal consistency is considered to be adequate when the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span> coefficient is greater than or equal to 0&#46;70&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">factor structure</span> was analyzed by exploratory factor analyses of principal components&#46; Prior to this&#44; the adequacy for these analyses was tested using the Kaiser&#8211;Meyer&#8211;Olkin &#40;KMO&#41; measure and Bartlett&#39;s test of sphericity&#46; The number of factors to be extracted is based on Kaiser&#39;s eigenvalue criterion &#40;eigenvalue<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#41; and the evaluation of the scree plot&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ceiling and floor effects</span> were analyzed on the basis of the percentage of patients with the lowest &#40;floor&#41; and highest &#40;ceiling&#41; scores on each item in the scale&#46; The ceiling and floor effects are considered to occur when over 15&#37; of those surveyed achieve the highest possible and lowest possible scores&#44; respectively&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">convergent validity</span> was evaluated using Pearson&#39;s correlation coefficient measuring the association between the GCPS and the other instruments&#58; VAS&#44; TSK-11&#44; PCS&#44; CPSS&#44; FABQ and RMDQ&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">test&#47;retest reliability</span> &#40;reproducibility&#41; was analyzed with the intraclass correlation coefficient &#40;ICC&#41;&#46; For this purpose&#44; the GCPS was run twice at an interval of 7&#8211;10 days in a subsample of 46 patients&#46; An ICC value over 0&#46;70 is considered acceptable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">measurement error</span> is expressed as a standard error of measurement &#40;SEM&#41;&#44; which is calculated using the formula SEM<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8722;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ICC&#46; The error of measurement is the systematic error and the random error in a patient&#39;s score that are not attributable to real changes in the construct to be measured&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">responsiveness</span> was evaluated according to the minimal detectable change &#40;MDC&#41;&#46; The MDC expresses the minimal change necessary to be sure&#44; with a 90&#37; confidence level&#44; that a change observed between 2 measurements reflects a real change and not a measurement error&#46; It is calculated using the formula MCD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SEM<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8730;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#46;96&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">After the process of translation and back-translation&#44; the 2 back-translations of the 8 items were considered to be equivalent&#44; with no important differences in terms of semantics&#46; With respect to the content validity&#44; the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the scale is described in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46; Item 1 was the only item that had values less than 0&#46;70 in the evaluation of the content&#59; nevertheless&#44; it was not excluded for the purpose of observing its psychometric performance in the analysis of the internal consistency&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the evaluation of understandability&#44; the participants in the pilot test had no difficulty in responding to the items of the GCPS&#46; The average time required to complete the questionnaire was 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#44; and the range&#44; 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s to 7<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and 44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The sociodemographic characteristics of the sample are shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0010">Tables 2 and 3</a>&#44; together with the mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD of the overall GCPS scores according to gender&#44; marital status&#44; occupational status and level of education of the participants&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Internal Consistency</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present version of the GCPS consists of 8 items &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; item 1 &#40;&#8220;On how many days have you felt pain in the past 6 months&#63;&#8221;&#41; was excluded from the statistical analysis because the range of the scores for this item differed widely &#40;18-fold greater&#41; from those of the other 7 items&#44; and its inclusion reduced the internal consistency of the questionnaire&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cronbach&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span> coefficient was 0&#46;87 &#40;95&#37; CI&#44; 0&#46;83&#8211;0&#46;92&#41;&#44; indicating a high internal consistency for a scale of only 7 items&#46; The item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0&#46;47 to 0&#46;82&#44; where item 3 had the lowest correlation and item 8 the highest&#46; The complete results of the 2 subscales can be found in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Factor Analysis</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exploratory factor analysis of the principal components was performed without rotation&#46; In addition&#44; for theoretical reasons&#44; we tested a 2-factor structure using oblimin rotation&#44; which converged in 4 iterations&#59; finally&#44; we chose a 2-factor solution supported by the scree plot &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The KMO measure of sampling adequacy of 0&#46;82 was higher than the recommended value of 0&#46;60&#44; and the results of Bartlett&#39;s test were significant &#40;chi-squared<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>293&#46;44&#44; df<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#60;&#46;001&#41;&#44; indicating the adequacy of the data for performing principal components analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first factor&#44; composed of 4 items&#44; can be referred to as &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain-related disability</span>&#8221;&#59; the second&#44; &#8220;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pain intensity</span>&#8221;&#44; consists of 3 items&#46; The correlation between the 2 rotated factors was 0&#46;55&#46; These factors explain the total variance of 72&#46;37&#37;&#59; the distribution of the items is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Convergent Validity</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The overall value on the GCPS showed a moderately positive correlation with all the questionnaires used except the TSK-11 injury subscale&#44; and moderately negative with the CPSS &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">Table 6</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Test&#8211;retest</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ICC was 0&#46;81 &#40;95&#37; CI&#44; 0&#46;684&#8211;0&#46;891&#41;&#44; which showed a satisfactory temporal stability after 10 days&#44; when analyzing the response to the GCPS of a randomized subsample of 46 participants &#40;sex&#58; women&#44; n&#61;31&#44; 67&#46;4&#37;&#59; age&#58; 54&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;9 years&#59; with a history of chronic pain of 74<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>84&#46;13 months&#41;&#46;</p><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Standard Error of Measurement</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The SEM was 6&#46;41&#44; which translates into an error of 9&#46;16&#37;&#44; and the score on agreement was high&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Ceiling&#8211;floor effect</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We observed neither a ceiling nor a floor effect&#44; as none of the participants scored the minimum &#40;0 points&#41; or the maximum &#40;70 points&#41; on the GCPS&#44; in which the scores for the sample ranged from 6 to 64 points&#46;</p><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Minimal Detectable Change</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The MDC for a 95&#37; confidence level was 17&#46;7 points&#46;</p></span></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Discussion</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the present study is to adapt the GCPS to the culture and to the Spanish language of Spain&#44; as well as to analyze the basic psychometric properties of the instrument in its latest version&#46; The adaptation of the GCPS to Spanish has shown a high level of internal consistency and high reliability on test&#8211;retest in the sample recruited for this study&#46; To validate the scale&#44; we have followed the usual guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation in the health sciences&#44; taking into account the understandability of the items&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;29</span></a> The Spanish version of the GCPS has achieved a greater internal consistency than the versions in German and Brazilian Portuguese and the second factor of the Italian version &#40;pain intensity&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> The first factor of the Italian version &#40;disability&#41; and the version in English had higher internal consistency than our version&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;30</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Spanish version of the scale consists of 8 items&#44; and the final score was obtained from the sum of items 2 through 8&#46; The author of the original scale decided to include the first item&#44; which appears in the second version in English&#44; to assess the perpetuation of pain in a retrospective manner as a key element in the chronification of pain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a></p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The GCPS proves to be of clinical value both because it takes little time to complete and because the number of items is manageable&#44; in accordance with current recommendations on the use of short&#44; simple scales that can be adapted to clinical use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a> It is a highly versatile instrument because of its alternative scoring system since&#44; in addition to the range of 0&#8211;70 points&#44; it can be complemented by chronic pain grading &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#sec0120">Appendix A</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One of the differences between the GCPS and the original version of von Korff et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> is the sample size and the type of study subjects&#46; The original version involved a sample of 2371 patients with low back pain&#44; headache and temporomandibular dysfunction&#44; whereas the version in Spanish recruited 75 patients with low back pain&#59; moreover&#44; the original study collected data via telephone&#46; In turn&#44; and concerning the diagnosis of the patients&#44; the decision was made to study patients with chronic low back pain so that the sample would be as homogeneous as possible&#44; although this circumstance could limit the external validity of the questionnaire for use in other populations&#46; From a demographic point of view&#44; the sample in our study was similar to that of the previous versions and in other languages&#44; with a proportion of women of 73&#46;3&#37; and a mean age of 48&#46;44<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#46;9 years&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The versions in German and Brazilian Portuguese were also similar to ours in that the patients were recruited consecutively and the sample sizes were 130 and 45 individuals&#44; respectively&#46; The Italian version<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> is the one that differs most widely with regard to the methodology employed since&#44; not only did the authors recruit only patients from primary care&#44; they had a sample size of 576 individuals&#44; randomly selected from a population of 20&#44;882 included in 16 lists of general medicine patients&#46; Another difference observed in the Italian version is that it was the only one in which the questionnaires were sent to the participants by postal mail&#46;</p><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Factor Structure of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 2 factors that were obtained are commonly dealt with in studies on chronic pain that separate the disability associated with the pain&#44; the more relevant of the 2&#44; from the intensity of that pain&#46; In the different adaptations&#44; these factors have been referred to as the &#8220;disability score&#8221; and &#8220;characteristic pain intensity&#8221;&#44; as is the case in the validation of the German version of the questionnaire&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> the validation of the Italian version concerning musculoskeletal disorders<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> and the validation of the Portuguese version&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> On the other hand&#44; in a report from the United Kingdom&#44; only 1 factor appeared&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> The latter finding was in line with the original version by von Korff&#44; the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire &#40;1992&#41;&#44; as it presents a categorical proposal with 4 levels pertaining to the same pain-disability continuum&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of our study should be examined with caution until the 1-factor or 2-factor structure of the Spanish adaptation of the GCPS can be validated&#44; in a sample of more than 200 patients and using confirmatory factor analysis&#46; Future studies should also assess the function of the GCPS in populations with different diseases and of different ages&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Clinical Implications</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The validation of the GCPS&#44; like the versions in German and in Brazilian Portuguese&#44; was performed in primary care patients with musculoskeletal pain&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> which predisposes it for use mainly at that level of health care&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Moreover&#44; the 2-factor model used in this scale is commonly employed in the study of chronic pain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;33&#44;34</span></a></p><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One recommendation at the present time is the development of international collaborative networks&#44; which improve the tools we have for patient evaluation and treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a> The presentation of a new version of this scale in the Spanish language will facilitate the development of joint international research in English&#44; German&#44; Italian&#44; Portuguese and Spanish-speaking populations&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Limitations</span><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study has a number of limitations that must be taken into account in future research&#46; One of them is the fact that the patients were recruited consecutively&#44; without randomization&#44; a circumstance that may have modified the results of the investigation&#46; Another limitation is the inclusion only of patients with a diagnosis of chronic low back pain&#44; which may affect the external validity of the questionnaire for use in other populations&#44; depending on age and diagnosis&#46; We also consider the use of a 2-dimensional questionnaire to be a possible limitation of the study&#44; taking into account that an important group of experts in methods&#44; measurements and evaluation of pain recommend multidimensional tools &#40;up to 6 dimensions&#41; for its assessment&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> a modification that would require considerably longer questionnaires&#46;</p><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We think that future studies&#44; using prospective&#44; longitudinal intervention designs&#44; will need to examine responsiveness and other analyses complementary to tests of significance&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With respect to the sample size&#44; the inclusion of 75 patients may be a limitation&#46; Some authors recommend approximately 10 individuals for each item in the scale&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> which would have meant raising the number of participants to a total of 80&#59; however&#44; other authors have reported that the study could be carried out in a smaller population without affecting the results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Conclusion</span><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results indicate that the Spanish version of the GCPS is reliable and valid as a short&#44; dynamic and useful instrument to be utilized in clinical practice and research in a Spanish population with chronic low back pain&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Ethical Disclosures</span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0115" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0175">Conflicts of Interest</span><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2015-02-12"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2015-07-07"
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            0 => "Validation studies"
            1 => "Translations"
            2 => "Scales"
            3 => "Severity of illness index"
            4 => "Chronic pain"
            5 => "Primary health care"
            6 => "Low back pain"
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            0 => "Estudios de validaci&#243;n"
            1 => "Traducci&#243;n"
            2 => "Escalas"
            3 => "&#205;ndice de severidad de la enfermedad"
            4 => "Dolor cr&#243;nico"
            5 => "Atenci&#243;n primaria de salud"
            6 => "Dolor de la regi&#243;n lumbar"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To adapt the Graded Chronic Pain Scale for use in primary care patients in Spain&#44; and to assess its psychometric properties&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical measures observational study investigating the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">severity of chronic pain</span>&#46; The methodology included a process of translation and back-translation following the international guidelines&#46; Study participants were 75 patients who experienced lower back pain for more than six months and were sent to primary care physiotherapy units&#46; Internal consistency&#44; construct validity&#44; test&#8211;retest reliability&#44; floor and ceiling effects&#44; and answering capacity were analyzed&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Spanish version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale had a high internal consistency&#44; with a Cronbach&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span> of 0&#46;87 and intraclass correlation coefficient of 0&#46;81&#46; Regarding construct validity&#44; it was identified that two factors explained 72&#46;37&#37; of the variance&#46; Convergent validity showed a moderate positive correlation with the Visual Analog Scale&#44; the activity avoidance subscale of the Tampa Scale of Kinesophobia&#44; the Pain Catastrophizing Scale&#44; the Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire&#44; and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire&#46; A moderate negative correlation was identified with the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale&#46; The mean time of questionnaire administration was 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Spanish version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale appears to be a valid&#44; reliable&#44; and useful tool for measuring chronic pain at an early stage in primary care settings in Spain&#46;</p></span>"
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          1 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "Methods"
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          2 => array:2 [
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            "titulo" => "Results"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adaptar la Escala de gradaci&#243;n del dolor cr&#243;nico en pacientes de Atenci&#243;n Primaria en Espa&#241;a y evaluar sus propiedades psicom&#233;tricas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio observacional de medici&#243;n cl&#237;nica de una escala de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">magnitud del dolor cr&#243;nico</span>&#46; Se realiz&#243; un proceso de traducci&#243;n-retrotraducci&#243;n siguiendo las gu&#237;as internacionales&#46; Setenta y cinco sujetos con dolor lumbar de m&#225;s de 6 meses de evoluci&#243;n derivados a las unidades de fisioterapia en Atenci&#243;n Primaria participaron en el estudio&#46; Se analizaron&#58; la consistencia interna&#44; la validez del constructo&#44; la fiabilidad test&#8211;retest&#44; los efectos techo y suelo&#44; y la capacidad de respuesta&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La Escala de gradaci&#243;n del dolor cr&#243;nico posee una alta consistencia interna&#44; el &#945; de Cronbach fue de 0&#44;87&#44; similar al que presentan las versiones en otros idiomas&#44; y el coeficiente de correlaci&#243;n intraclase fue 0&#44;81&#46; En cuanto a la validez del constructo&#44; se extrajeron 2 factores que consiguieron explicar el 72&#44;37&#37; de la varianza&#46; La validez convergente muestra una correlaci&#243;n positiva moderada con la escala visual anal&#243;gica&#44; la subescala de evitaci&#243;n de actividad de la Escala Tampa de kinesiofobia&#44; la Escala del catastrofismo para el dolor&#44; el Cuestionario de discapacidad por dolor lumbar de Roland-Morris&#44; y el Cuestionario de conductas de miedo-evitaci&#243;n&#44; y una correlaci&#243;n negativa moderada con el Cuestionario de autoeficacia en el dolor cr&#243;nico&#46; El tiempo medio de administraci&#243;n fue de 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min y 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La versi&#243;n espa&#241;ola de la Escala de gradaci&#243;n del dolor cr&#243;nico parece ser un instrumento v&#225;lido&#44; fiable y &#250;til para medir de forma precoz el dolor cr&#243;nico en la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica en Atenci&#243;n Primaria en Espa&#241;a&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Please cite this article as&#58; Ferrer-Pe&#241;a R&#44; Gil-Mart&#237;nez A&#44; Pardo-Montero J&#44; Jim&#233;nez-Penick V&#44; Gallego-Izquierdo T&#44; La Touche R&#46; Adaptaci&#243;n y validaci&#243;n de la Escala de gradaci&#243;n del dolor cr&#243;nico al espa&#241;ol&#46; Reumatol Clin&#46; 2016&#59;12&#58;130&#8211;138&#46;</p>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The following are the supplementary data to this article&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
            "identificador" => "sec0125"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algorithm showing the process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2&#46;0 to the version in Spanish&#46; BT&#44; back-translation&#59; T translation&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Findings of the scree test&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The numerical data represent the results of the content analysis using Aiken&#39;s V coefficient&#44; with the 95&#37; confidence interval in parentheses&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factors&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Item&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Appropriateness&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Coherence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Relevance&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clarity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;50 &#40;0&#46;25&#8211;0&#46;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;41 &#40;0&#46;19&#8211;0&#46;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Expert 2&#46; This item can generate problems in psychometric terms&#44; since the assessment structure is different<br>Expert 3&#46; The assessment scale for this item is completely different from that of the other items<br>Expert 4&#46; I recommend eliminating this item as I consider that it fails to assess pain intensity&#59; in any case&#44; what it assesses is the frequency<br>Expert 5&#46; This item does not make much sense in the scale as it is difficult for patients to accurately quantify the days on which they have felt pain over a 6-month period&#46; It is an imprecise item<br>Expert 6&#46; This item is important in the overall assessment of pain&#44; but I do not consider it necessary among the characteristics and factors that this scale is intended to measure&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pain intensity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75 &#40;0&#46;46&#8211;0&#46;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Expert 2&#46; I propose writing the most relevant data for this item in boldface or capital letters&#59; this could make it easier to understand&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91 &#40;0&#46;64&#8211;0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Expert 3&#46; I recommend including a reminder of the assessment scale in this and all the other items&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91 &#40;0&#46;64&#8211;0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91 &#40;0&#46;64&#8211;0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Expert 4&#46; I think that this item covers items 7 and 8&#59; it seems that there may be a redundancy&#44; but it is necessary to wait for the psychometric analysis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pain-related disability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Expert 1&#46; This item is redundant with respect to item 6 and I think it could be eliminated&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;0&#46;95&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91 &#40;0&#46;64&#8211;0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75 &#40;0&#46;46&#8211;0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;0&#46;75&#8211;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;n&#61;75&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Score on GCPS<br>Mean<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sex</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#46;028&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Women&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&#46;64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Marital status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Single&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">32&#46;22<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Married&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;69<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;&#46;05 in multiple comparisons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Divorced&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">44&#46;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Widowed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">38&#46;50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>19&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Occupational status</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Active&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Unemployed&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">40&#46;05<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13&#46;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;&#46;05 in multiple comparisons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Retired&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">33&#46;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Temporarily on leave&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51&#46;00<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Level of education</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No studies&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Primary school&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">34&#46;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;31<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;&#46;05 in multiple comparisons&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Secondary school&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35&#46;21<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&#46;54&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>University&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">SD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Range &#40;min&#8211;max&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&#46;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&#8211;76&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Height &#40;cm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">162&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147&#8211;190&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Weight &#40;kg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">71&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&#8211;132&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Onset of chronic pain &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">76&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">81&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#8211;456&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Visual Analog Scale &#40;mm&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">45&#46;09&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#8211;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">GCPS&#44; graded chronic pain scale&#59; Sub1&#44; pain intensity subscale&#59; Sub2&#44; disability subscale&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mean score on the scale when the item is eliminated</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variance of the scale when the item is eliminated</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Corrected item-total correlation</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cronbach&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span> coefficient when the item is eliminated</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Components</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GCPS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sub1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sub2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GCPS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sub1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sub2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GCPS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sub1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sub2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1&#46; On how many days have you felt pain in the past 6 months&#63;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">2&#46; How would you rate your pain right now on a scale of 0 to 10&#44; where 0 is &#8220;no pain&#8221; and 10 is &#8220;pain as bad as could be&#8221;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">180&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">3&#46; How intense was your worst pain in the past 3 months&#44; rated on a scale of 0 to 10&#44; where 0 is &#8220;no pain&#8221; and 10 is &#8220;pain as bad as could be&#8221;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26&#46;97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10&#46;92&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">190&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">4&#46; On the average&#44; how intense was your pain in the past 3 months&#44; rated on a scale of 0 to 10&#44; where 0 is &#8220;no pain&#8221; and 10 is &#8220;pain as bad as could be&#8221;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">180&#46;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;72&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">5&#46; How many days has pain kept you from your usual activities&#44; like working&#44; attending school or doing housework&#44; in the past 3 months&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">31&#46;17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">150&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">6&#46; How much has pain interfered with your daily activities in the past 3 months&#44; rated on a scale of 0 to 10&#44; where 0 is &#8220;no interference&#8221; and 10 is &#8220;unable to carry on any activities&#8221;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">152&#46;47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;05&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">7&#46; How much has pain interfered in your recreational&#44; social and family activities in the past 3 months&#44; where 0 is &#8220;no interference&#8221; and 10 is &#8220;unable to carry on any activities&#8221;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">154&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;0&#46;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">8&#46; How much has pain interfered in your ability to work&#44; including housework&#44; in the past 3 months&#44; where 0 is &#8220;no interference&#8221; and 10 is &#8220;unable to carry on any activities&#8221;&#63;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">146&#46;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;82&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8211;0&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CPSS&#44; Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale&#59; CPSS1&#44; Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale&#44; coping subscale&#59; CPSS2&#44; Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale&#44; function subscale&#59; CPSS3&#44; Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale&#44; pain subscale&#59; FABQ&#44; Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire&#59; FABQ-PA&#44; Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire&#44; physical activity subscale&#59; FABQ-W&#44; Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire&#44; work subscale&#59; GCPS&#44; Graded Chronic Pain Scale&#59; GCPS-D&#44; Graded Chronic Pain Scale&#44; disability subscale&#59; GCPS-I&#44; Graded Chronic Pain Scale&#44; intensity subscale&#59; PCS&#44; Pain Catastrophizing Scale&#59; PCS-H&#44; Pain Catastrophizing Scale&#44; helplessness subscale&#59; PCS-M&#44; Pain Catastrophizing Scale&#44; magnification subscale&#59; PCS-R&#44; Pain Catastrophizing Scale&#44; rumination subscale&#59; RMDQ&#44; Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire&#59; TSK-11&#44; Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia&#59; TSK-11-AA&#44; Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia&#44; avoidance of activity subscale&#59; TSK-11&#44; Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia&#44; injury subscale&#59; VAS&#44; Visual Analog Scale&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GCPS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GCPS-I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">GCPS-D&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">GCPS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;794<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;944<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GCPS-I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;794<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;575<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GCPS-D&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;944<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;575<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">VAS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;422<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;536<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;269<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TSK-11</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;309<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;265<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;268<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TSK-AA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;318<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;250<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;298<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>TSK-I&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;244<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;247<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;182&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PCS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;543<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;477<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;476<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PCS-R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;501<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;438<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;450<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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