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Available online 19 June 2024
Interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene rs4343 polymorphism, environment factors, and angiotensin II level on susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis
Interacción entre el polimorfismo del gen rs4343 de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina, los factores ambientales y el nivel de angiotensina II sobre la susceptibilidad a la osteoartritis de rodilla
Basma Mohammed Mohammed Ali Elnaggara, Nashwa Mohamed Abd Elbakyb, Eman Salah Albeltagyc,
Corresponding author
, Hala Mohamed El Zomora
a Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
b Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
c Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (For Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Characteristic of the study subjects.
Table 2. Associations between ACE gene rs4343 polymorphism and knee OA risk.
Table 3. Stratified analysis between ACE gene rs4343 polymorphism and the risk of knee OA.
Table 4. The association between ACE rs4343 polymorphism and clinical features of knee OA.
Table 5. Correlation between angiotensin II with WOMAC severity, WOMAC score and KL classification.
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Abstract
Objectives

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex multifactorial disease. The association of knee OA risk with ACE gene rs4343 polymorphism, gene environment synergistic effect, and angiotensin II serum level has not been previously examined. Therefore, we investigate the ACE gene rs4343 polymorphism in knee OA, and its association with severity of knee OA, and angiotensin II serum level.

Methods

Using a case–control design, we recruited 200 subjects (100 cases and 100 controls) and all were subjected to genotyping of rs4343 SNP by real-time polymerase chain reaction and assay of serum angiotensin II level by ELISA.

Results

G containing genotypes (AG and GG) and G allele frequencies of the ACE rs4343 polymorphism were significantly higher in the case group than that in the control group. There was significant association between ACE rs4343 genotypes and risk of knee OA under the following genetic inheritance models: GG vs. AA (P=0.003), AA vs. GG/AG (P=0.014), AG/AA vs. GG (P=0.037), and G vs. A (P<0.001). Stratified analyses showed ACE rs4343 polymorphism was evidently associated with a significantly increased risk of knee OA among those had BMI25% (adjusted OR=3.016; 95% CI 1.052–8.648; P=0.040). Additionally, knee OA patients with GG genotype had greater knee specific WOMAC index, Kellgren score, and serum angiotensin II level than those with AA or GA genotypes.

Conclusion

The investigated polymorphism in the ACE gene rs4343 may reflect the risk and severity of knee OA in the Egyptian population, particularly with the GG genotype. The interaction between ACE gene rs4343 polymorphism and obesity further increased the risk of knee OA. Moreover, the higher angiotensin II level may be involved in the pathogenesis of knee OA.

Keywords:
Knee osteoarthritis
ACE gene polymorphism
Serum angiotensin II level
Genetics
Single nucleotide polymorphism
Resumen
Objetivos

La osteoartritis (OA) es una enfermedad multifactorial compleja. La asociación del riesgo de OA de rodilla con el polimorfismo rs4343 del gen ACE, el efecto sinérgico del entorno genético y el nivel sérico de angiotensina II no se ha examinado previamente. Por lo tanto, investigamos el polimorfismo rs4343 del gen ACE en la OA de rodilla y su asociación con la gravedad del OA de rodilla y el nivel sérico de angiotensina II.

Métodos

Utilizando un diseño de casos y controles, reclutamos a 200 sujetos (100 casos y 100 controles) y todos fueron sometidos a genotipado del SNP rs4343 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real y análisis del nivel de angiotensina II sérica mediante ELISA.

Resultados

Los genotipos que contienen G (AG y GG) y las frecuencias del alelo G del polimorfismo ACE rs4343 fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo de casos que en el grupo de control. Hubo una asociación significativa entre los genotipos ACE rs4343 y el riesgo de OA de rodilla en los siguientes modelos de herencia genética: GG frente a AA (p=0,003), AA frente a GG/AG (p=0,014), AG/AA frente a GG (p=0,037) y G frente a A (p<0,001). Los análisis estratificados mostraron que el polimorfismo ACE rs4343 se asoció evidentemente con un riesgo significativamente mayor de OA de rodilla entre aquellos que tenían un IMC25%. Además, los pacientes con OA de rodilla con genotipo GG tenían un índice WOMAC específico de rodilla, una puntuación de Kellgren y un nivel de angiotensina II sérica mayores que aquellos con genotipos AA o GA.

Conclusión

El polimorfismo investigado en el gen ACE rs4343 puede reflejar el riesgo y la gravedad de la OA de rodilla en la población egipcia, particularmente con el genotipo GG. La interacción entre el polimorfismo rs4343 del gen ACE y la obesidad aumentó aún más el riesgo de OA de rodilla. Además, el nivel más alto de angiotensina II puede estar involucrado en la patogénesis de la OA de rodilla.

Palabras clave:
Artrosis de rodilla
Polimorfismo del gen ACE
Nivel sérico de angiotensina II
Genética
Polimorfismo de un solo nucleótido

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