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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Magnetic resonance &#40;MR&#41; imaging provides an excellent spatial resolution to visualize cartilage and define its main properties&#46; Both 1&#46;5 and especially 3 Tesla equipments have become very efficient in showing the whole joint cartilage and classifying the degenerative damage by analyzing morphological&#44; structural&#44; and physical properties&#46; MR evaluation of joint cartilage is of great clinical importance due to the prevalence of degenerative lesions and the development of new drugs and surgery-based treatments&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In this work we explain the advances in the MR quantization of the joint cartilage properties&#44; particularly focusing on T2 and T1 relaxation times&#44; the distribution of first-pass contrast agent &#40;pharmacokinetic study&#41; and late enhancement percentage&#46; By using specific sequences and adequate measuring techniques&#44; MR allows the evaluation of important parameters such as cartilage surface&#44; thickness&#44; and volume&#59; signal intensity and the physical properties related to collagen integrity and edema&#59; cartilage perfusion and endothelial permeability related to neovascularization&#59; and the presence of late enhancement areas&#44; related to proteoglycan concentrations&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This information will aid early diagnosis&#44; establishment of the degree of degeneration&#44; assessment of prognosis&#44; definition of therapeutic options&#44; and evaluation of treatment effectiveness&#46; The study of the cartilage structural and functional alterations by MR imaging is an excellent biomarker of tissue degeneration&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La resonancia magn&#233;tica &#40;RM&#41; brinda una excelente resoluci&#243;n espacial para observar el cart&#237;lago y una gran definici&#243;n de sus principales propiedades&#46; Los equipos de 1&#44;5 teslas &#40;T&#41; y&#44; principalmente&#44; los de 3 T se demuestran muy eficaces para visualizar todo el cart&#237;lago articular&#44; y mediante el an&#225;lisis de propiedades morfol&#243;gicas&#44; estructurales y f&#237;sicas estratificar el da&#241;o degenerativo&#46; La evaluaci&#243;n mediante RM del cart&#237;lago articular tiene una gran relevancia cl&#237;nica dada la prevalencia de lesiones degenerativas y el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos y de tratamientos de base quir&#250;rgica&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este trabajo se analizan los avances de la cuantificaci&#243;n mediante RM de las propiedades del cart&#237;lago articular&#44; en concreto&#44; los tiempos de relajaci&#243;n T2 y T1&#44; la distribuci&#243;n del primer paso de un medio de contraste &#40;estudio farmacocin&#233;tico&#41; y el porcentaje de realce tard&#237;o&#46; Mediante el empleo de secuencias espec&#237;ficas y t&#233;cnicas de cuantificaci&#243;n adecuadas&#44; la RM permite evaluar par&#225;metros tan importantes como la superficie&#44; el espesor y el volumen del cart&#237;lago&#59; la intensidad de la se&#241;al y las propiedades f&#237;sicas relacionadas con la integridad del col&#225;geno y el edema&#59; la perfusi&#243;n del cart&#237;lago y la permeabilidad de membrana relacionada con la neovascularizaci&#243;n y la presencia de &#225;reas con realce tard&#237;o&#44; relacionadas con la concentraci&#243;n de proteoglicanos&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Esta informaci&#243;n puede ayudar al diagn&#243;stico precoz de la enfermedad&#44; establecer el grado de afectaci&#243;n&#44; valorar el pron&#243;stico&#44; incidir en la decisi&#243;n terap&#233;utica y evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento&#46; El estudio de las alteraciones estructurales y funcionales del cart&#237;lago mediante RM es un excelente biomarcador de la degeneraci&#243;n del cart&#237;lago&#46;</p>"
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Journal Information
Vol. 5. Issue 6.
Pages 285-288 (November - December 2009)
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Vol. 5. Issue 6.
Pages 285-288 (November - December 2009)
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New imaging techniques in the evaluation of joint cartilage
Nuevas técnicas de imagen en la valoración del cartílago articular
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Luis Martí-Bonmatía,b,
Corresponding author
Luis.Marti@uv.es

Corresponding author.
, Roberto Sanza, Ángel Albericha, Elena Bellocha
a Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Quirón Valencia, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
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Article information
Abstract

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides an excellent spatial resolution to visualize cartilage and define its main properties. Both 1.5 and especially 3 Tesla equipments have become very efficient in showing the whole joint cartilage and classifying the degenerative damage by analyzing morphological, structural, and physical properties. MR evaluation of joint cartilage is of great clinical importance due to the prevalence of degenerative lesions and the development of new drugs and surgery-based treatments.

In this work we explain the advances in the MR quantization of the joint cartilage properties, particularly focusing on T2 and T1 relaxation times, the distribution of first-pass contrast agent (pharmacokinetic study) and late enhancement percentage. By using specific sequences and adequate measuring techniques, MR allows the evaluation of important parameters such as cartilage surface, thickness, and volume; signal intensity and the physical properties related to collagen integrity and edema; cartilage perfusion and endothelial permeability related to neovascularization; and the presence of late enhancement areas, related to proteoglycan concentrations.

This information will aid early diagnosis, establishment of the degree of degeneration, assessment of prognosis, definition of therapeutic options, and evaluation of treatment effectiveness. The study of the cartilage structural and functional alterations by MR imaging is an excellent biomarker of tissue degeneration.

Keywords:
Cartilage
Magnetic resonance
Biomarkers
Osteoarthritis
Resumen

La resonancia magnética (RM) brinda una excelente resolución espacial para observar el cartílago y una gran definición de sus principales propiedades. Los equipos de 1,5 teslas (T) y, principalmente, los de 3 T se demuestran muy eficaces para visualizar todo el cartílago articular, y mediante el análisis de propiedades morfológicas, estructurales y físicas estratificar el daño degenerativo. La evaluación mediante RM del cartílago articular tiene una gran relevancia clínica dada la prevalencia de lesiones degenerativas y el desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos y de tratamientos de base quirúrgica.

En este trabajo se analizan los avances de la cuantificación mediante RM de las propiedades del cartílago articular, en concreto, los tiempos de relajación T2 y T1, la distribución del primer paso de un medio de contraste (estudio farmacocinético) y el porcentaje de realce tardío. Mediante el empleo de secuencias específicas y técnicas de cuantificación adecuadas, la RM permite evaluar parámetros tan importantes como la superficie, el espesor y el volumen del cartílago; la intensidad de la señal y las propiedades físicas relacionadas con la integridad del colágeno y el edema; la perfusión del cartílago y la permeabilidad de membrana relacionada con la neovascularización y la presencia de áreas con realce tardío, relacionadas con la concentración de proteoglicanos.

Esta información puede ayudar al diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad, establecer el grado de afectación, valorar el pronóstico, incidir en la decisión terapéutica y evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento. El estudio de las alteraciones estructurales y funcionales del cartílago mediante RM es un excelente biomarcador de la degeneración del cartílago.

Palabras clave:
Cartílago
Resonancia magnética
Biomarcadores
Artrosis
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Pharmacokinetic MR analysis of the cartilage is influence by field strength.
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