array:23 [
  "pii" => "S2173574310700290"
  "issn" => "21735743"
  "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5743(10)70029-0"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
  "aid" => "70029"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2010"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2010;6:121-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 2385
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 44
      "HTML" => 1394
      "PDF" => 947
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S2173574310700307"
    "issn" => "21735743"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5743(10)70030-7"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
    "aid" => "70030"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2010;6:128-33"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1801
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 39
        "HTML" => 1323
        "PDF" => 439
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Elaboration, implementation and follow-up of a postmenopausal osteoporosis protocol: Collaboration between the Primary care and Rheumatology departments"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "128"
          "paginaFinal" => "133"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Elaboración, implantación y seguimiento de un protocolo de osteoporosis posmenopáusica: colaboración entre Atención Primaria y el Servicio de Reumatología"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Rosa Madridejos Mora, Rosa Tomás Sanz, Eva Llobet Traveset, Montse Gavagnach Bellsolà, Sílvia Martínez Pardo, Xesca Moyà Ferrer"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rosa"
              "apellidos" => "Madridejos Mora"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rosa"
              "apellidos" => "Tomás Sanz"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Eva"
              "apellidos" => "Llobet Traveset"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Montse"
              "apellidos" => "Gavagnach Bellsolà"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Sílvia"
              "apellidos" => "Martínez Pardo"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Xesca"
              "apellidos" => "Moyà Ferrer"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574310700307?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
    "url" => "/21735743/0000000600000003/v1_201305061608/S2173574310700307/v1_201305061608/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S2173574310700289"
    "issn" => "21735743"
    "doi" => "10.1016/S2173-5743(10)70028-9"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2010-05-01"
    "aid" => "70028"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "subdocumento" => "edi"
    "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2010;6:119-20"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 1543
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 47
        "HTML" => 1036
        "PDF" => 460
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:8 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Utility of a specialized nursing department in rheumatology"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "119"
          "paginaFinal" => "120"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Utilidad del servicio de enfermería especializada en reumatología"
        ]
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Jordi Carbonell Abelló"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jordi"
              "apellidos" => "Carbonell Abelló"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574310700289?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
    "url" => "/21735743/0000000600000003/v1_201305061608/S2173574310700289/v1_201305061608/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Systematic review on the use of adalimumab in autoinmune. Efficacy and safety in 54 patients"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "121"
        "paginaFinal" => "127"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Cándido Díaz-Lagares, Rafael Belenguer, Manuel Ramos-Casals"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Cándido"
            "apellidos" => "Díaz-Lagares"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Rafael"
            "apellidos" => "Belenguer"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Manuel"
            "apellidos" => "Ramos-Casals"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "mramos&#64;clinic&#46;ub&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font&#44; Servicio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes&#44; IDIBAPS&#44; Hospital Clinic&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Reumatolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital 9 d&#8217;Octubre&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica del uso de adalimumab en enfermedades autoinmunes&#46; Eficacia y seguridad en 54 pacientes"
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2009-03-04"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2009-06-10"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec112420"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Adalimumab"
            1 => "Autoimmune systemic diseases"
            2 => "Uveitis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec112421"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Adalimumab"
            1 => "Enfermedades autoinmunes sist&#233;micas"
            2 => "Uve&#237;tis"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To analyze published evidence about adalimumab use in autoimmune diseases&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Methods</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Systematic review of MEDLINE database of citations included from January 1990 to December 2008 employing the terms &#8220;adalimumab&#8221; and the different systemic autoimmune diseases&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Our search identified 241 potentially relevant citations&#46; 154 were retrieved for detailed evaluation&#46; Finally&#44; 18 were selected as relevant&#44; including 54 patients&#46; The reported diseases were as follow&#58; Beh&#231;et disease in 16 patients&#44; idiopathic uveitis in 13&#44; sarcoidosis in 5&#44; uveitis associated with rheumatologic diseases in 5 &#40;psoriasis in 2&#44; ankylosing spondylitis in 1&#44; juvenile idiopathic arthritis in 1&#44; Crohn disease in 1&#41;&#44; Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in 4&#44; Birdshot uveitis in 4&#44; vasculitis in 3 &#40;1 temporal arteritis&#44; 1 Takayasu&#39;s disease&#44; 1 skin vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis&#41;&#44; adult onset Still disease in 2&#44; relapsing polychondritis in 1 and systemic sclerosis in 1&#46; The clinical spectrum included uveitis &#40;39 cases&#41;&#44; skin and&#47;or mucosae &#40;9&#41;&#44; vasculitis &#40;3&#41;&#44; arthritis &#40;6&#41;&#44; lung &#40;3&#41;&#46; These patients were refractory to standard therapy&#44; including corticosteroids &#40;42 cases&#44; 78&#37;&#41;&#44; immunosuppressants &#40;42&#44; 78&#37;&#41; and biologics &#40;29&#44; 54&#37;&#41;&#46; Fifty &#40;93&#37;&#41; patients responded to adalimumab&#46; The clinical response was similar in those patients who had been treated with other biologic and in those who had not received biologic therapy before adalimumab&#46; The patients were followed for 11&#46;9 months&#46; Twelve &#40;22&#37;&#41; patients relapsed&#46; Five &#40;9&#37;&#41; patients suffer some side effect &#40;3 local skin reaction&#44; 1 angioedema&#44; 1 lung fibrosis&#41;&#46; One patient &#40;2&#37;&#41; died due to progression of her disease&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Available data about the use of adalimumab in autoinmune diseases come from case reports and uncontrolled studies&#44; that include patients with severe disease and refractory to standard therapy&#46; In this setting&#44; it seems to be an effective and safe treatment option&#44; especially in patients with uveitis and Beh&#231;et&#39;s disease&#46; This initial data must be confirmed by controlled assays before extending adalimumab use&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizar la experiencia publicada sobre el uso de adalimumab en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes en adultos&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica de los art&#237;culos incluidos en la base de datos Medline desde el 1 de enero de 1990 al 31 de diciembre de 2008&#44; combinando el t&#233;rmino &#171;adalimumab&#187; con las diferentes enfermedades autoinmunes sist&#233;micas&#46; Se identificaron un total de 241 art&#237;culos&#44; de los que 154 se revisaron a texto completo y 18 fueron finalmente seleccionados como relevantes&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En los 18 art&#237;culos seleccionados se inclu&#237;an 54 pacientes adultos con enfermedades autoinmunes tratados con adalimumab&#58; 16 pacientes con enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&#59; 13 con uve&#237;tis idiop&#225;tica&#59; 5 con sarcoidosis&#59; 5 con uve&#237;tis asociadas a otras enfermedades &#40;psoriasis en 2&#44; espondilitis anquilosante en 1&#44; artritis idiop&#225;tica juvenil en 1&#44; enfermedad de Crohn en 1&#41;&#59; 4 con enfermedad de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada&#59; 4 con uve&#237;tis de Birdshot&#59; 3 con vasculitis &#40;arteritis de la temporal&#44; enfermedad de Takayasu y una vasculitis cut&#225;nea asociada a artritis reumatoide&#41;&#44; 2 con enfermedad de Still del adulto&#59; uno con policondritis recidivante y un paciente con esclerosis sist&#233;mica&#46; Las manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas que motivaron la indicaci&#243;n fueron la uve&#237;tis &#40;39 casos&#41;&#44; afectaci&#243;n mucocut&#225;nea &#40;9&#41;&#44; vasculitis &#40;3&#41;&#44; artritis &#40;6&#41; y afectaci&#243;n pulmonar &#40;3&#41;&#46; En todos los casos se trataba de enfermedades refractarias a tratamiento con glucocorticoides &#40;42 casos&#44; 78&#37;&#41;&#44; inmunosupresores &#40;42&#44;78&#37;&#41; y otros biol&#243;gicos &#40;29&#44;54&#37;&#41;&#46; Cincuenta &#40;93&#37;&#41; pacientes respondieron a adalimumab&#46; La respuesta fue similar tanto en aquellos que hab&#237;an recibido otro biol&#243;gico como en los que adalimumab era el primer biol&#243;gico administrado&#46; En 5 &#40;9&#37;&#41; pacientes se describieron efectos adversos &#40;3 reacciones cut&#225;neas locales&#44; un paciente con angioedema y una exacerbaci&#243;n de una fibrosis pulmonar&#41;&#46; Tras un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 11&#44;9 meses&#44; 12 &#40;22&#37;&#41; pacientes presentaron recidiva y uno &#40;2&#37;&#41; falleci&#243; por exacerbaci&#243;n de su enfermedad de base&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La evidencia del uso de adalimumab en enfermedades autoinmunes proviene de casos aislados y ensayos no controlados&#44; que incluyen en todos los casos a pacientes graves y refractarios a tratamiento convencional&#46; En este contexto cl&#237;nico&#44; el uso de adalimumab aparece como una opci&#243;n eficaz y segura&#44; especialmente en pacientes con uve&#237;tis y enfermedad de Beh&#231;et&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:50 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib1"
              "etiqueta" => "1&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cytokines and autoimmunity"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; O&#8217; Shea"
                            1 => "M&#46; Averil"
                            2 => "P&#46; Lypsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/83144"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Immunol"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "37"
                        "paginaFinal" => "45"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11135576"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib2"
              "etiqueta" => "2&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Autoimmune diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Davidson"
                            1 => "B&#46; Diamond"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM200108023450506"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "345"
                        "paginaInicial" => "340"
                        "paginaFinal" => "350"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11484692"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib3"
              "etiqueta" => "3&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Bazzoni"
                            1 => "B&#46; Beutler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJM199606273342607"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "334"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1717"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1725"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8637518"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib4"
              "etiqueta" => "4&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Olsen"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Stein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMra032906"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "350"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2167"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2179"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15152062"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib5"
              "etiqueta" => "5&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases&#44; 2007"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "D&#46;E&#46; Furst"
                            1 => "F&#46;C&#46; Breedveld"
                            2 => "J&#46;R&#46; Kalden"
                            3 => "J&#46;S&#46; Smolen"
                            4 => "G&#46;R&#46; Burmester"
                            5 => "J&#46; Sieper"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "An Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "numero" => "Suppl III"
                        "paginaInicial" => "iii2"
                        "paginaFinal" => "iii22"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib6"
              "etiqueta" => "6&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases &#40;IMIDs&#41; and biologic therapy&#58; a medical revolution"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Kuek"
                            1 => "B&#46;L&#46; Hazleman"
                            2 => "A&#46; &#214;st&#246;r"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/pgmj.2006.052688"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Postgrad Med J"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "251"
                        "paginaFinal" => "260"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17403952"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib7"
              "etiqueta" => "7&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab &#40;a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody&#41; in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis&#58; the initial results of five trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Rau"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "numero" => "Suppl II"
                        "paginaInicial" => "ii70"
                        "paginaFinal" => "ii73"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12379628"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib8"
              "etiqueta" => "8&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab therapy for refractory uveitis&#58; a pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; D&#237;az-Llopis"
                            1 => "S&#46; Garc&#237;a-Delpech"
                            2 => "D&#46; Salom"
                            3 => "P&#46; Udaondo"
                            4 => "H&#46; Hern&#225;ndez-Garfella"
                            5 => "F&#46; Bosch-Morell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1089/jop.2007.0104"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "351"
                        "paginaFinal" => "361"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18476805"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib9"
              "etiqueta" => "9&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anti-TNF alpha therapy in patients with chronic non infectious uveitis&#58; the expereince of Jules Gonin Eye Hospital"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "I&#46;K&#46; Petropoulos"
                            1 => "D&#46; Vaudaux"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Guex-Crosier"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1055/s-2008-1027361"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "225"
                        "paginaInicial" => "457"
                        "paginaFinal" => "461"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18454398"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib10"
              "etiqueta" => "10&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab for sight threatening uveitis in Beh&#231;et disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Mushtaq"
                            1 => "T&#46; Saeed"
                            2 => "S&#46; Situnayake"
                            3 => "P&#46;I&#46; Murray"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sj.eye.6702352"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eye"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "824"
                        "paginaFinal" => "825"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601736"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib11"
              "etiqueta" => "11&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab&#58; a new modality for Beh&#231;et&#39;s disease&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46;M&#46; Van laar"
                            1 => "T&#46; Missotten"
                            2 => "P&#46;L&#46;A&#46; Van Daele"
                            3 => "A&#46; Jamnitski"
                            4 => "G&#46;S&#46; Baarsma"
                            5 => "P&#46;M&#46; Van Hagen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/ard.2006.064279"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "66"
                        "paginaInicial" => "565"
                        "paginaFinal" => "566"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124248"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib12"
              "etiqueta" => "12&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tratamiento con adalimumab-nuevo anti-TNF- del s&#237;ndrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada&#46; Adalimumab therapy for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; D&#237;az Llopis"
                            1 => "L&#46; Amselem"
                            2 => "F&#46;J&#46; Romero"
                            3 => "S&#46; Garc&#237;a-Delpech"
                            4 => "M&#46;L&#46; Hern&#225;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Soc Esp Ophtalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "82"
                        "paginaInicial" => "131"
                        "paginaFinal" => "132"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib13"
              "etiqueta" => "13&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of refractory temporal arteritis with adalimumab"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;M&#46; Ahmed"
                            1 => "E&#46; Mubashir"
                            2 => "S&#46; Hayat"
                            3 => "M&#46; Fowler"
                            4 => "S&#46;M&#46; Berney"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10067-006-0375-2"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1353"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1355"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16944071"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib14"
              "etiqueta" => "14&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Refractory Takayasu&#39;s arteritis successfully treated with the human&#44; monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody adalimumab"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Tato"
                            1 => "J&#46; Rieger"
                            2 => "U&#46; Hoffman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Angiol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "304"
                        "paginaFinal" => "307"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16158044"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib15"
              "etiqueta" => "15&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vasculite avec ulc&#233;rations cutan&#233;es au cours de la polyarthrite rhumato&#239;de&#58; traitement par anti TNF"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Thirion"
                            1 => "D&#46; Picard"
                            2 => "O&#46; Mejjad"
                            3 => "P&#46; Courville"
                            4 => "X&#46; Le Loet"
                            5 => "P&#46; Joly"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Dermatol Venereol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "133"
                        "paginaInicial" => "453"
                        "paginaFinal" => "455"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16760833"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib16"
              "etiqueta" => "16&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prolonged response to anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment with Adalimumab &#40;Humira&#41; in relapsing polychondritis complicated by aortitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;W&#46; Seymour"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Home"
                            2 => "R&#46;O&#46; Williams"
                            3 => "S&#46;A&#46; Allard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology &#40;Oxford&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1738"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1739"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib17"
              "etiqueta" => "17&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab for treatment of cutaneus sarcoidosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;P&#46; Heffernan"
                            1 => "D&#46;I&#46; Smith"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/archdermatol.2009.322"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "146"
                        "paginaInicial" => "17"
                        "paginaFinal" => "19"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20083687"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib18"
              "etiqueta" => "18&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of therapy-resistant sarcoidosis with adalimumab"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Callejas-Rubio"
                            1 => "O&#46; Ortego-Centeno"
                            2 => "L&#46; L&#243;pez-P&#233;rez"
                            3 => "M&#46;N&#46; Benticuaga"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10067-005-0037-9"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "596"
                        "paginaFinal" => "597"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16247590"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib19"
              "etiqueta" => "19&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ulcerative cutaneus sarcoidosis responding to adalimumab"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Philips"
                            1 => "J&#46; Lynch"
                            2 => "F&#46;H&#46; Azmi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.023"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "917"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16243166"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib20"
              "etiqueta" => "20&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Urticaria and angioedema in a patient with Beh&#231;et&#39;s disease treated with adalimumab"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "D&#46; S&#225;nchez-Cano"
                            1 => "J&#46;L&#46; Callejas-Rubio"
                            2 => "N&#46; Ortego-Centeno"
                            3 => "R&#46; Ruiz-Villaverde"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "507"
                        "paginaFinal" => "508"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib21"
              "etiqueta" => "21&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Fatal excerbation of fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis in a patient treated with adalimumab"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Allanore"
                            1 => "G&#46; Devos-Francois"
                            2 => "C&#46; Caramella"
                            3 => "P&#46; Boumier"
                            4 => "V&#46; Jounieaux"
                            5 => "A&#46; Kahan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/ard.2005.044453"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "834"
                        "paginaFinal" => "835"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16699057"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib22"
              "etiqueta" => "22&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Longterm outcome of TNF blockade in adult-onset Still&#39;s disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Dechant"
                            1 => "P&#46; Schauenberg"
                            2 => "C&#46;E&#46; Antoni"
                            3 => "H&#46;G&#46; Kraetsch"
                            4 => "J&#46;R&#46; Kalden"
                            5 => "B&#46; Manger"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1055/s-2004-826865"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dtsch Med Wochenschr"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "129"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1308"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1312"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15179590"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib23"
              "etiqueta" => "23&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab &#40;anti-TNF-alpha&#41; therapy to improve the clinical course of adult-onset Still&#39;s disease&#58; the first case report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Benucci"
                            1 => "G&#46;F&#46; Li"
                            2 => "A&#46; Del Rosso"
                            3 => "M&#46; Manfredi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Exp Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "733"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16173267"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib24"
              "etiqueta" => "24&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab therapy for refractory uveitis&#58; a pilot study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Callejas-Rubio"
                            1 => "D&#46; S&#225;nchez-Cano"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Serrano"
                            3 => "N&#46; Ortego-Centeno"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1089/jop.2008.0073"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "613"
                        "paginaFinal" => "614"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19049264"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib25"
              "etiqueta" => "25&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Biologic response modifier therapy for psoriatic ocular inflammatory disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Huynh"
                            1 => "R&#46;A&#46; Cervantes-Casta&#241;eda"
                            2 => "P&#46; Bhat"
                            3 => "M&#46;J&#46; Gallagher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/09273940802023786"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ocul Immunol Inflamm"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "89"
                        "paginaFinal" => "93"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18569794"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib26"
              "etiqueta" => "26&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review of the off-label use of biological therapies in systemic autoimmune diseases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:3 [
                          "colaboracion" => "el BIOGEAS Study Group"
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ramos-Casals"
                            1 => "P&#46; Brito-Zer&#243;n"
                            2 => "S&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            3 => "M&#46;J&#46; Soto"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Medicine &#40;Baltimore&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "87"
                        "paginaInicial" => "345"
                        "paginaFinal" => "364"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib27"
              "etiqueta" => "27&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Biologics in the treatment of uveitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "F&#46;R&#46; Imrie"
                            1 => "A&#46;D&#46; Dick"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282f03d42"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "paginaInicial" => "481"
                        "paginaFinal" => "486"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18163000"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib28"
              "etiqueta" => "28&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Differencial effectiveness of etanercept and infliximab in the treatment of ocular inflammation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Galor"
                            1 => "V&#46;L&#46; P&#233;rez"
                            2 => "J&#46;P&#46; Hammel"
                            3 => "C&#46;Y&#46; Lowder"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.04.038"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmology"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2317"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2323"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16996615"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib29"
              "etiqueta" => "29&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Etanercept and uveitis in patients with juvenile idiophatic arthritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Schmeling"
                            1 => "G&#46; Horneff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology &#40;Oxford&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1008"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1011"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib30"
              "etiqueta" => "30&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in the treatment of childhood uveitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;K&#46; Saurenmann"
                            1 => "A&#46;R&#46; Levin"
                            2 => "J&#46;B&#46; Rose"
                            3 => "S&#46; Parker"
                            4 => "T&#46; Rabinovitch"
                            5 => "P&#46;N&#46; Tyrrell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology &#40;Oxford&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "982"
                        "paginaFinal" => "989"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib31"
              "etiqueta" => "31&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker in treatment of juvenile idiophatic arthritis-associated uveitis refractory to second-line agents&#58; results of a multinational survey"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "I&#46; Foeldvari"
                            1 => "S&#46; Nielsen"
                            2 => "J&#46; Kummerle-Deschner"
                            3 => "G&#46; Espada"
                            4 => "G&#46; Horneff"
                            5 => "B&#46; Bica"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1146"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1150"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17343318"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib32"
              "etiqueta" => "32&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor blockers in reducing uveitis flares in patients with spondylarthropathy&#58; a retrospective study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Guignard"
                            1 => "L&#46; Gossec"
                            2 => "C&#46; Salliot"
                            3 => "A&#46; Ruyssen-Witrand"
                            4 => "M&#46; Luc"
                            5 => "M&#46; Duclos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/ard.2006.052092"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1631"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1634"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16901960"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib33"
              "etiqueta" => "33&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab in the therapy of uveitis in childhood"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Biester"
                            1 => "C&#46; Deuter"
                            2 => "H&#46; Michels"
                            3 => "R&#46; Haefner"
                            4 => "J&#46; Kummerle-Deschner"
                            5 => "D&#46; Doychova"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/bjo.2006.103721"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Br J Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "91"
                        "paginaInicial" => "319"
                        "paginaFinal" => "324"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17035274"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib34"
              "etiqueta" => "34&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab therapy for childhood uveitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46;B&#46; Vazquez-Cobian"
                            1 => "T&#46; Flynn"
                            2 => "T&#46;J&#46;A&#46; Lehman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.04.058"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Pediatr"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "149"
                        "paginaInicial" => "572"
                        "paginaFinal" => "575"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17011337"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib35"
              "etiqueta" => "35&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infliximab for chronic cystoid macular enema associated with uveitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46;N&#46; Markomichelakis"
                            1 => "P&#46;G&#46; Theodossiadis"
                            2 => "E&#46; Pantelia"
                            3 => "S&#46; Papaefthimiou"
                            4 => "G&#46;P&#46; Theodossiodis"
                            5 => "P&#46;P&#46; Sfikakis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ajo.2004.04.066"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "138"
                        "paginaInicial" => "648"
                        "paginaFinal" => "650"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15488796"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib36"
              "etiqueta" => "36&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Treatment of longstanding active giant cell arteritis with infliximab&#58; report of four cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Cantini"
                            1 => "L&#46; Niccoli"
                            2 => "C&#46; Salvarini"
                            3 => "A&#46; Padula"
                            4 => "I&#46; Olivieri"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2933"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2935"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11762955"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib37"
              "etiqueta" => "37&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment with infliximab in a case of giant cell arteritis resistant to steroid and immunosuppressive drugs"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Airo"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Antonioli"
                            2 => "M&#46; Vianelli"
                            3 => "P&#46; Toniati"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology &#40;Oxford&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "347"
                        "paginaFinal" => "349"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib38"
              "etiqueta" => "38&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Successful treatment of resistant giant cell arteritis with etanercept"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;L&#46; Tan"
                            1 => "J&#46; Holdsworth"
                            2 => "C&#46; Pease"
                            3 => "P&#46; Emery"
                            4 => "D&#46; McGonagle"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "373"
                        "paginaFinal" => "374"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12634246"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib39"
              "etiqueta" => "39&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Experience with infliximab &#40;anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody&#41; as monotherapy for giant cell arteritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;P&#46; Andonopoulos"
                            1 => "N&#46; Meimaris"
                            2 => "D&#46; Daoussis"
                            3 => "A&#46; Bounas"
                            4 => "G&#46; Giannopoulos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1116"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14583578"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib40"
              "etiqueta" => "40&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with difficult to treat Takayasu arteritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46;S&#46; Hoffmann"
                            1 => "P&#46;A&#46; Merkel"
                            2 => "R&#46;D&#46; Brasington"
                            3 => "D&#46;J&#46; Lenschow"
                            4 => "P&#46; Liang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2204"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2296"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib41"
              "etiqueta" => "41&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Two Takayasu arteritis patients successfully treated with infliximab&#58; a potential disease-modifying agent&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Della Rosa"
                            1 => "A&#46; Tavani"
                            2 => "G&#46; Merlini"
                            3 => "C&#46; Baldini"
                            4 => "M&#46; Sebastiani"
                            5 => "M&#46; Lombardi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatology &#40;Oxford&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1074"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1075"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib42"
              "etiqueta" => "42&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infliximab in Takayasu arteritis&#58; a safe alternative&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Z&#46;T&#46; Karageorgaki"
                            1 => "G&#46; Mavragani"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Papathanasiou"
                            3 => "F&#46;N&#46; Skopouli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10067-006-0227-0"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "984"
                        "paginaFinal" => "987"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633710"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib43"
              "etiqueta" => "43&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infliximab-responsive uveitis an vasculitis in a patient with Takayasu arteritis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Jolly"
                            1 => "J&#46;J&#46; Curran"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "213"
                        "paginaFinal" => "215"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357759"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib44"
              "etiqueta" => "44&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infliximab is effective for Takayasu arteritis refractory to glucocorticoids and methotrexate"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Tanaka"
                            1 => "A&#46; Kawakami"
                            2 => "N&#46; Iwanaga"
                            3 => "M&#46; Tamai"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Izumi"
                            5 => "K&#46; Aratake"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "313"
                        "paginaFinal" => "316"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16596001"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib45"
              "etiqueta" => "45&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis&#58; a randomized trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;S&#46; Hoffman"
                            1 => "M&#46;C&#46; Cid"
                            2 => "K&#46;E&#46; Rendt-Zagar"
                            3 => "P&#46;A&#46; Merkel"
                            4 => "C&#46;M&#46; Weyand"
                            5 => "J&#46;H&#46; Stone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "146"
                        "paginaInicial" => "621"
                        "paginaFinal" => "630"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17470830"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib46"
              "etiqueta" => "46&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica&#58; a randomized trial"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Salvarani"
                            1 => "P&#46; Macchioni"
                            2 => "C&#46; Manzini"
                            3 => "G&#46; Paolazzi"
                            4 => "A&#46; Trotta"
                            5 => "P&#46; Manganelli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "146"
                        "paginaInicial" => "631"
                        "paginaFinal" => "639"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17470831"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib47"
              "etiqueta" => "47&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Efficacy and safety of switching from infliximab to adalimumab&#46; A comparative controlled study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46;N&#46; Nikas"
                            1 => "P&#46;V&#46; Voulgari"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Alamanos"
                            3 => "C&#46;G&#46; Papadopoulos"
                            4 => "A&#46;I&#46; Venetsanopuolou"
                            5 => "A&#46;N&#46; Georgiadis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/ard.2005.039099"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Rheum Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "257"
                        "paginaFinal" => "260"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15975964"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib48"
              "etiqueta" => "48&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adalimumab restores clinical response in patients with secondary loss of efficacy from infliximab or etanercept&#58; results of the STURE registry at Karolinska University Hospital"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;C&#46; Wick"
                            1 => "S&#46; Ernestman"
                            2 => "S&#46; Lindblad"
                            3 => "J&#46; Bratt"
                            4 => "L&#46; Klareskog"
                            5 => "R&#46;F&#46; Van Vollenhoven"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Scand Rheumatol"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "353"
                        "paginaFinal" => "358"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib49"
              "etiqueta" => "49&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effectiveness of recommendations to prevent reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Carmona"
                            1 => "J&#46;J&#46; G&#243;mez-Reino"
                            2 => "V&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Valverde"
                            3 => "D&#46; Montero"
                            4 => "E&#46; Pascual-G&#243;mez"
                            5 => "E&#46;M&#46; Mola"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/art.21043"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1766"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1772"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15934089"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib50"
              "etiqueta" => "50&#46;"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Autoimmune diseases induced by TNF-targeted therapies&#58; Analysis of 233 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Ramos-Casals"
                            1 => "P&#46; Brito-Zer&#243;n"
                            2 => "S&#46; Mu&#241;oz"
                            3 => "N&#46; Soria"
                            4 => "D&#46; Galiana"
                            5 => "L&#46; Bertolaccini"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Medicine &#40;Baltimore&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "86"
                        "paginaInicial" => "242"
                        "paginaFinal" => "251"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735743/0000000600000003/v1_201305061608/S2173574310700290/v1_201305061608/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "17338"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Article"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735743/0000000600000003/v1_201305061608/S2173574310700290/v1_201305061608/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173574310700290?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 6. Issue 3.
Pages 121-127 (May - June 2010)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 6. Issue 3.
Pages 121-127 (May - June 2010)
Full text access
Systematic review on the use of adalimumab in autoinmune. Efficacy and safety in 54 patients
Revisión sistemática del uso de adalimumab en enfermedades autoinmunes. Eficacia y seguridad en 54 pacientes
Visits
5929
Cándido Díaz-Lagaresa, Rafael Belenguerb, Manuel Ramos-Casalsa,
Corresponding author
mramos@clinic.ub.es

Corresponding author.
a Laboratorio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Josep Font, Servicio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
b Unidad de Reumatología, Hospital 9 d’Octubre, Valencia, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract
Objective

To analyze published evidence about adalimumab use in autoimmune diseases.

Methods

Systematic review of MEDLINE database of citations included from January 1990 to December 2008 employing the terms “adalimumab” and the different systemic autoimmune diseases.

Results

Our search identified 241 potentially relevant citations. 154 were retrieved for detailed evaluation. Finally, 18 were selected as relevant, including 54 patients. The reported diseases were as follow: Behçet disease in 16 patients, idiopathic uveitis in 13, sarcoidosis in 5, uveitis associated with rheumatologic diseases in 5 (psoriasis in 2, ankylosing spondylitis in 1, juvenile idiopathic arthritis in 1, Crohn disease in 1), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in 4, Birdshot uveitis in 4, vasculitis in 3 (1 temporal arteritis, 1 Takayasu's disease, 1 skin vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis), adult onset Still disease in 2, relapsing polychondritis in 1 and systemic sclerosis in 1. The clinical spectrum included uveitis (39 cases), skin and/or mucosae (9), vasculitis (3), arthritis (6), lung (3). These patients were refractory to standard therapy, including corticosteroids (42 cases, 78%), immunosuppressants (42, 78%) and biologics (29, 54%). Fifty (93%) patients responded to adalimumab. The clinical response was similar in those patients who had been treated with other biologic and in those who had not received biologic therapy before adalimumab. The patients were followed for 11.9 months. Twelve (22%) patients relapsed. Five (9%) patients suffer some side effect (3 local skin reaction, 1 angioedema, 1 lung fibrosis). One patient (2%) died due to progression of her disease.

Conclusions

Available data about the use of adalimumab in autoinmune diseases come from case reports and uncontrolled studies, that include patients with severe disease and refractory to standard therapy. In this setting, it seems to be an effective and safe treatment option, especially in patients with uveitis and Behçet's disease. This initial data must be confirmed by controlled assays before extending adalimumab use.

Keywords:
Adalimumab
Autoimmune systemic diseases
Uveitis
Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar la experiencia publicada sobre el uso de adalimumab en el tratamiento de enfermedades autoinmunes en adultos.

Métodos

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los artículos incluidos en la base de datos Medline desde el 1 de enero de 1990 al 31 de diciembre de 2008, combinando el término «adalimumab» con las diferentes enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas. Se identificaron un total de 241 artículos, de los que 154 se revisaron a texto completo y 18 fueron finalmente seleccionados como relevantes.

Resultados

En los 18 artículos seleccionados se incluían 54 pacientes adultos con enfermedades autoinmunes tratados con adalimumab: 16 pacientes con enfermedad de Behçet; 13 con uveítis idiopática; 5 con sarcoidosis; 5 con uveítis asociadas a otras enfermedades (psoriasis en 2, espondilitis anquilosante en 1, artritis idiopática juvenil en 1, enfermedad de Crohn en 1); 4 con enfermedad de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada; 4 con uveítis de Birdshot; 3 con vasculitis (arteritis de la temporal, enfermedad de Takayasu y una vasculitis cutánea asociada a artritis reumatoide), 2 con enfermedad de Still del adulto; uno con policondritis recidivante y un paciente con esclerosis sistémica. Las manifestaciones clínicas que motivaron la indicación fueron la uveítis (39 casos), afectación mucocutánea (9), vasculitis (3), artritis (6) y afectación pulmonar (3). En todos los casos se trataba de enfermedades refractarias a tratamiento con glucocorticoides (42 casos, 78%), inmunosupresores (42,78%) y otros biológicos (29,54%). Cincuenta (93%) pacientes respondieron a adalimumab. La respuesta fue similar tanto en aquellos que habían recibido otro biológico como en los que adalimumab era el primer biológico administrado. En 5 (9%) pacientes se describieron efectos adversos (3 reacciones cutáneas locales, un paciente con angioedema y una exacerbación de una fibrosis pulmonar). Tras un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 11,9 meses, 12 (22%) pacientes presentaron recidiva y uno (2%) falleció por exacerbación de su enfermedad de base.

Conclusiones

La evidencia del uso de adalimumab en enfermedades autoinmunes proviene de casos aislados y ensayos no controlados, que incluyen en todos los casos a pacientes graves y refractarios a tratamiento convencional. En este contexto clínico, el uso de adalimumab aparece como una opción eficaz y segura, especialmente en pacientes con uveítis y enfermedad de Behçet.

Palabras clave:
Adalimumab
Enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas
Uveítis
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
J.J. O’ Shea, M. Averil, P. Lypsky.
Cytokines and autoimmunity.
Nat Immunol, 2 (2002), pp. 37-45
[2.]
A. Davidson, B. Diamond.
Autoimmune diseases.
N Engl J Med, 345 (2001), pp. 340-350
[3.]
F. Bazzoni, B. Beutler.
The tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor families.
N Engl J Med, 334 (1996), pp. 1717-1725
[4.]
N. Olsen, C.M. Stein.
New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis.
N Engl J Med, 350 (2004), pp. 2167-2179
[5.]
D.E. Furst, F.C. Breedveld, J.R. Kalden, J.S. Smolen, G.R. Burmester, J. Sieper, et al.
Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, 2007.
An Rheum Dis, 66 (2007), pp. iii2-iii22
[6.]
A. Kuek, B.L. Hazleman, A. Östör.
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and biologic therapy: a medical revolution.
Postgrad Med J, 83 (2007), pp. 251-260
[7.]
R. Rau.
Adalimumab (a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis: the initial results of five trials.
Ann Rheum Dis, 61 (2002), pp. ii70-ii73
[8.]
M. Díaz-Llopis, S. García-Delpech, D. Salom, P. Udaondo, H. Hernández-Garfella, F. Bosch-Morell, et al.
Adalimumab therapy for refractory uveitis: a pilot study.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 24 (2008), pp. 351-361
[9.]
I.K. Petropoulos, D. Vaudaux, Y. Guex-Crosier.
Anti-TNF alpha therapy in patients with chronic non infectious uveitis: the expereince of Jules Gonin Eye Hospital.
Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd, 225 (2008), pp. 457-461
[10.]
B. Mushtaq, T. Saeed, S. Situnayake, P.I. Murray.
Adalimumab for sight threatening uveitis in Behçet disease.
[11.]
J.A.M. Van laar, T. Missotten, P.L.A. Van Daele, A. Jamnitski, G.S. Baarsma, P.M. Van Hagen.
Adalimumab: a new modality for Behçet's disease?.
Ann Rheum Dis, 66 (2007), pp. 565-566
[12.]
M. Díaz Llopis, L. Amselem, F.J. Romero, S. García-Delpech, M.L. Hernández.
Tratamiento con adalimumab-nuevo anti-TNF- del síndrome de Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada. Adalimumab therapy for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada.
Arch Soc Esp Ophtalmol, 82 (2007), pp. 131-132
[13.]
M.M. Ahmed, E. Mubashir, S. Hayat, M. Fowler, S.M. Berney.
Treatment of refractory temporal arteritis with adalimumab.
Clin Rheumatol, 26 (2007), pp. 1353-1355
[14.]
F. Tato, J. Rieger, U. Hoffman.
Refractory Takayasu's arteritis successfully treated with the human, monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody adalimumab.
Int Angiol, 24 (2005), pp. 304-307
[15.]
L. Thirion, D. Picard, O. Mejjad, P. Courville, X. Le Loet, P. Joly.
Vasculite avec ulcérations cutanées au cours de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde: traitement par anti TNF.
Ann Dermatol Venereol, 133 (2006), pp. 453-455
[16.]
M.W. Seymour, D.M. Home, R.O. Williams, S.A. Allard.
Prolonged response to anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment with Adalimumab (Humira) in relapsing polychondritis complicated by aortitis.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 46 (2007), pp. 1738-1739
[17.]
M.P. Heffernan, D.I. Smith.
Adalimumab for treatment of cutaneus sarcoidosis.
Arch Dermatol, 146 (2006), pp. 17-19
[18.]
J.L. Callejas-Rubio, O. Ortego-Centeno, L. López-Pérez, M.N. Benticuaga.
Treatment of therapy-resistant sarcoidosis with adalimumab.
Clin Rheumatol, 25 (2006), pp. 596-597
[19.]
M.A. Philips, J. Lynch, F.H. Azmi.
Ulcerative cutaneus sarcoidosis responding to adalimumab.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 53 (2005), pp. 917
[20.]
D. Sánchez-Cano, J.L. Callejas-Rubio, N. Ortego-Centeno, R. Ruiz-Villaverde.
Urticaria and angioedema in a patient with Behçet's disease treated with adalimumab.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 25 (2007), pp. 507-508
[21.]
Y. Allanore, G. Devos-Francois, C. Caramella, P. Boumier, V. Jounieaux, A. Kahan.
Fatal excerbation of fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis in a patient treated with adalimumab.
Ann Rheum Dis, 65 (2006), pp. 834-835
[22.]
C. Dechant, P. Schauenberg, C.E. Antoni, H.G. Kraetsch, J.R. Kalden, B. Manger.
Longterm outcome of TNF blockade in adult-onset Still's disease.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 129 (2004), pp. 1308-1312
[23.]
M. Benucci, G.F. Li, A. Del Rosso, M. Manfredi.
Adalimumab (anti-TNF-alpha) therapy to improve the clinical course of adult-onset Still's disease: the first case report.
Clin Exp Rheumatol, 23 (2005), pp. 733
[24.]
J.L. Callejas-Rubio, D. Sánchez-Cano, J.L. Serrano, N. Ortego-Centeno.
Adalimumab therapy for refractory uveitis: a pilot study.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 24 (2008), pp. 613-614
[25.]
N. Huynh, R.A. Cervantes-Castañeda, P. Bhat, M.J. Gallagher.
Biologic response modifier therapy for psoriatic ocular inflammatory disease.
Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 16 (2008), pp. 89-93
[26.]
M. Ramos-Casals, P. Brito-Zerón, S. Muñoz, M.J. Soto, el BIOGEAS Study Group.
A systematic review of the off-label use of biological therapies in systemic autoimmune diseases.
Medicine (Baltimore), 87 (2008), pp. 345-364
[27.]
F.R. Imrie, A.D. Dick.
Biologics in the treatment of uveitis.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 18 (2007), pp. 481-486
[28.]
A. Galor, V.L. Pérez, J.P. Hammel, C.Y. Lowder.
Differencial effectiveness of etanercept and infliximab in the treatment of ocular inflammation.
Ophthalmology, 113 (2006), pp. 2317-2323
[29.]
H. Schmeling, G. Horneff.
Etanercept and uveitis in patients with juvenile idiophatic arthritis.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 44 (2005), pp. 1008-1011
[30.]
R.K. Saurenmann, A.R. Levin, J.B. Rose, S. Parker, T. Rabinovitch, P.N. Tyrrell, et al.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors in the treatment of childhood uveitis.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 45 (2006), pp. 982-989
[31.]
I. Foeldvari, S. Nielsen, J. Kummerle-Deschner, G. Espada, G. Horneff, B. Bica, et al.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blocker in treatment of juvenile idiophatic arthritis-associated uveitis refractory to second-line agents: results of a multinational survey.
J Rheumatol, 34 (2007), pp. 1146-1150
[32.]
S. Guignard, L. Gossec, C. Salliot, A. Ruyssen-Witrand, M. Luc, M. Duclos, et al.
Efficacy of tumour necrosis factor blockers in reducing uveitis flares in patients with spondylarthropathy: a retrospective study.
Ann Rheum Dis, 65 (2006), pp. 1631-1634
[33.]
S. Biester, C. Deuter, H. Michels, R. Haefner, J. Kummerle-Deschner, D. Doychova, et al.
Adalimumab in the therapy of uveitis in childhood.
Br J Ophthalmol, 91 (2007), pp. 319-324
[34.]
L.B. Vazquez-Cobian, T. Flynn, T.J.A. Lehman.
Adalimumab therapy for childhood uveitis.
J Pediatr, 149 (2006), pp. 572-575
[35.]
N.N. Markomichelakis, P.G. Theodossiadis, E. Pantelia, S. Papaefthimiou, G.P. Theodossiodis, P.P. Sfikakis.
Infliximab for chronic cystoid macular enema associated with uveitis.
Am J Ophthalmol, 138 (2004), pp. 648-650
[36.]
F. Cantini, L. Niccoli, C. Salvarini, A. Padula, I. Olivieri.
Treatment of longstanding active giant cell arteritis with infliximab: report of four cases.
Arthritis Rheum, 44 (2001), pp. 2933-2935
[37.]
P. Airo, C.M. Antonioli, M. Vianelli, P. Toniati.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment with infliximab in a case of giant cell arteritis resistant to steroid and immunosuppressive drugs.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 41 (2002), pp. 347-349
[38.]
A.L. Tan, J. Holdsworth, C. Pease, P. Emery, D. McGonagle.
Successful treatment of resistant giant cell arteritis with etanercept.
Ann Rheum Dis, 62 (2003), pp. 373-374
[39.]
A.P. Andonopoulos, N. Meimaris, D. Daoussis, A. Bounas, G. Giannopoulos.
Experience with infliximab (anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody) as monotherapy for giant cell arteritis.
Ann Rheum Dis, 62 (2003), pp. 1116
[40.]
G.S. Hoffmann, P.A. Merkel, R.D. Brasington, D.J. Lenschow, P. Liang.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with difficult to treat Takayasu arteritis.
Arthritis Rheum, 50 (2004), pp. 2204-2296
[41.]
A. Della Rosa, A. Tavani, G. Merlini, C. Baldini, M. Sebastiani, M. Lombardi, et al.
Two Takayasu arteritis patients successfully treated with infliximab: a potential disease-modifying agent?.
Rheumatology (Oxford), 44 (2005), pp. 1074-1075
[42.]
Z.T. Karageorgaki, G. Mavragani, M.A. Papathanasiou, F.N. Skopouli.
Infliximab in Takayasu arteritis: a safe alternative?.
Clin Rheumatol, 26 (2007), pp. 984-987
[43.]
M. Jolly, J.J. Curran.
Infliximab-responsive uveitis an vasculitis in a patient with Takayasu arteritis.
J Clin Rheumatol, 11 (2005), pp. 213-215
[44.]
F. Tanaka, A. Kawakami, N. Iwanaga, M. Tamai, Y. Izumi, K. Aratake, et al.
Infliximab is effective for Takayasu arteritis refractory to glucocorticoids and methotrexate.
Intern Med, 45 (2006), pp. 313-316
[45.]
G.S. Hoffman, M.C. Cid, K.E. Rendt-Zagar, P.A. Merkel, C.M. Weyand, J.H. Stone, et al.
Infliximab for maintenance of glucocorticosteroid-induced remission of giant cell arteritis: a randomized trial.
Ann Intern Med, 146 (2007), pp. 621-630
[46.]
C. Salvarani, P. Macchioni, C. Manzini, G. Paolazzi, A. Trotta, P. Manganelli, et al.
Infliximab plus prednisone or placebo plus prednisone for the initial treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized trial.
Ann Intern Med, 146 (2007), pp. 631-639
[47.]
S.N. Nikas, P.V. Voulgari, Y. Alamanos, C.G. Papadopoulos, A.I. Venetsanopuolou, A.N. Georgiadis, et al.
Efficacy and safety of switching from infliximab to adalimumab. A comparative controlled study.
Ann Rheum Dis, 65 (2006), pp. 257-260
[48.]
M.C. Wick, S. Ernestman, S. Lindblad, J. Bratt, L. Klareskog, R.F. Van Vollenhoven.
Adalimumab restores clinical response in patients with secondary loss of efficacy from infliximab or etanercept: results of the STURE registry at Karolinska University Hospital.
Scand Rheumatol, 34 (2005), pp. 353-358
[49.]
L. Carmona, J.J. Gómez-Reino, V. Rodríguez-Valverde, D. Montero, E. Pascual-Gómez, E.M. Mola, et al.
Effectiveness of recommendations to prevent reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists.
Arthritis Rheum, 52 (2005), pp. 1766-1772
[50.]
M. Ramos-Casals, P. Brito-Zerón, S. Muñoz, N. Soria, D. Galiana, L. Bertolaccini, et al.
Autoimmune diseases induced by TNF-targeted therapies: Analysis of 233 cases.
Medicine (Baltimore), 86 (2007), pp. 242-251
Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Reumatología and Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología
Download PDF
Idiomas
Reumatología Clínica (English Edition)
Article options
Tools
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?