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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"> Spondyloarthropaties &#40;SpA&#41; are a group of chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases that include ankylosing spondylitis &#40;AS&#41;&#44; psoriatic arthritis &#40;PsA&#41; reactive arthritis &#40;ReA&#41;&#44; spondyloarthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases &#40;IBD&#41; and undifferentiated spondyloarthropaties &#40;U-SpA&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span>&#46; Although each of these entities has specific characteristics they do share some clinical&#44; radiologic and genetic manifestations&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The main common feature of SpA is back pain due to spinal inflammation &#40;spondylitis and&#47;or sacroiliitis&#41;&#46; Other common characteristics are peripheral arthritis&#44; usually oligoarticular affecting lower limbs&#44; enthesitis and extra-articular involvement &#40;acute anterior uveitis&#44; inflammatory bowel lesions and psoriasis&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">As opposed to other rheumatic diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis&#44; the incidence and prevalence of SpA is not well known and in Portugal this data is not available&#46; The clinical course and prognosis of SpA is diverse due to the group heterogeneity but also to different clinical presentations with each disease<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In AS the age of disease onset is around the second or third decade<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#44; but in the other subtypes of SpA it&#39;s not possible to define a risk period for the development of the disease&#46;</p> Although SpA classically have been described as affecting more males than females<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#44; it is now beginning to be accepted that its prevalence may be similar in both genders&#46; Despite this controversy it is more or less consensual that some clinical forms are more common in males while other subtypes affect equally both or are more common in females&#46; The genetic influence in the development of these diseases&#44; evidenced by a prevalence of HLA-B27 allele in Spa patients that ranges between 50 and 95&#37;&#44; is reflected in a trend to familiar association&#44; which is recognized in multiple epidemiologic contexts<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span>&#46; <p class="elsevierStylePara">For historical reasons&#44; the Ibero-american countries share many characteristics&#46; We decided to participate in the RESPONDIA group with the purpose of discovering the similarities and the differences between these countries concerning the genetic&#44; clinical and socioeconomic aspects of spondyloarthropaties&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The objective of this work is to give a descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of the Portuguese patients with spondyloarthropaties included in the RESPONDIA study&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Material and methods</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This was an observational and transversal study that included patients recruited from 4 Portuguese Rheumatology Departments &#40;Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Reumatologia&#44; Lisboa&#59; Hospital de Santa Maria&#44; Lisboa&#59; Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental - Hospital Egas Moniz&#44; Lisboa e Hospital Infante D&#46; Pedro&#44; Aveiro&#41;&#44; between June 2007 and March 2008&#46; All the data was registered in the REGISPONSER &#40;Registro de Espondioartropat&#237;as de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a&#41; online database<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>&#46; The general methodology&#44; including inclusion criteria&#44; study variables&#44; online database development and data analysis are described in other article published in this journal<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span>&#46; Patients that were included fulfilled the European Spondyloarthropaties Study Group &#40;ESSG&#41; classification criteria<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span> or the Amor criteria<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Portugal characterization</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Portugal is a country located in the southwest of Europe&#44; situated in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula as well as in North Atlantic archipelagos&#46; Its total surface area is 92&#44;391 km2 and it is the most occidental nation of the European continent&#46; The Portuguese Gross Domestic Product &#40;GDP&#41; is of &#36;253&#44;557 billions USD a year and the GDP per capita &#40;estimation of 2006&#41; of &#36;27&#44;621USD a year&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">On 31<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> December 2006&#44; according to the Portuguese National Statistic Institute<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span>&#44; the resident population was estimated at 10 599 095 people&#44; of which 5 129 937 are male and 5 469 158 female&#46; 15&#46;5&#37; are children &#40;0-14 years old&#41;&#59; 67&#46;3&#37; are of working age &#40;15-64 years old&#41;&#44; 17&#46;5&#37; are older than 65 years and people older than 75 years represent 7&#46;7&#37; of the total population&#46; According to the United Nations Children&#39;s Fund &#40;UNICEF&#41; report&#58; &#34;The state of the world&#39;s children 2007&#34;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span>&#44; Portugal is ranked 13th among more than 180 countries with the lowest child mortality rate&#46; The report also notices that Portugal is one of the countries with the highest like expectancy in the world&#44; 78 years&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Nowadays there are around 550 thousand immigrants living in Portugal&#44; which represents approximately 5&#37; of the whole population&#44; most of them being from Brazil &#40;66&#44;700&#41;&#44; Ukraine &#40;65&#44;800&#41; and Cape Verde &#40;64&#44;300&#41;&#44; between other countries&#44; such as Moldavia&#44; Romania&#44; Guinea-Bissau&#44; Angola&#44; East-Timor&#44; Mozambique&#44; Saint Tome and Principe and Russia<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The majority of the Portuguese population is white&#46; The literacy rate &#40;older than 15 years that know how to read and write&#41; is of 93&#46;3&#37; &#40;95&#46;5&#37; for males and 91&#46;3&#37; for females&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In Portugal health is a constitutional right&#46; The health system is almost exclusively supported by the government&#44; which has its own primary and secondary care structures&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Results</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">110 patients with the diagnosis of SpA &#40;59 males &#91;58&#46;4&#37;&#93; and 42 females &#91;41&#46;6&#37;&#93;&#41;&#44; and with a mean age of 46&#46;5  &#177; 12&#44;9 years&#44; were included&#46; Socio-demographic characteristics of this population are described in table 1&#46; The most common diagnosis among SpA was Ankylosing Spondylitis &#40;AS&#41; followed by Psoriatic Arthritis &#40;PsA&#41; &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig01.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig02.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 1&#46;</span></span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SpA&#46; Subtypes&#46;</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The mean age of disease onset was 26&#46;7  &#177; 10&#46;9 years being before the age of 18 in 19&#37; of patients while in 40&#37; the first symptoms started between the age of 21 and 30&#46; The diagnosis was established before the age of 18 in only 2&#37; of patients&#46; The majority of patients were diagnosed between the age of 21 and 30 &#40;34&#37;&#41; and between the age of 31 and 40 &#40;26&#46;8&#37;&#41; The delay in the diagnosis was longer than 10 years in 25&#46;5&#37; of the patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The most common initial manifestation was lower back pain in 63&#46;4&#37; &#40;table 2&#41;&#46; The axial involvement was more frequent &#40;50&#46;5&#37;&#41; followed by the association of peripheral arthritis and axial symptoms &#40;47&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Lower limb joints were more affected than upper limb joints&#46; With regard to extra-articular manifestations acute anterior uveitis and dactilitis were the most common &#40;34&#37; and 7&#46;9&#37; of patients&#44; respectively&#41; &#40;table 3&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig03.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig04.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Previous family history of spondyloarthropaties was identified in 29 patients &#40;29&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The majority of patients &#40;94&#46;8&#37;&#41; had previously taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs &#40;NSAIDs&#41;&#58; 55&#46;2&#37; daily and 39&#46;6&#37; on demand&#44; and also corticosteroids in 29&#37;&#46; The disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs &#40;DMARDs&#41; most used were sulfasalazine &#40;47&#46;3&#37;&#41; and methotrexate &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Only 10&#46;8&#37; of patients had previously been prescribed TNF alpha blockers agents &#40;fig&#46; 2&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig05.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 2&#46;</span></span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous prescribed treatments&#46;</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The results of the medical physical observation and applied questionnaires were very diverse&#46; The mean Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index &#40;BASDAI&#41; was of 4&#46;2 cm and the mean Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease functional index &#40;BASFI&#41; was of 3&#46;6 cm&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The HLA B27 was positive in 34 patients &#40;85&#37;&#41; and negative in 6 &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#46; In 61 patients this information was not available&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Results of the ankylosing spondylitis group</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">85 patients were included&#44; mainly male &#40;59&#37;&#41; with a mean age of disease onset of 26  &#177; 11&#46;3 years and mean disease duration of 1&#46;8  &#177; 0&#46;9 years&#46; The delay in the diagnosis was of 1 to 5 years in 35 patients&#44; 6 to 10 years in 13 and more than 10 years in 25 patients&#46; The axial involvement was predominant &#40;54&#37;&#41; while the combination of axial and peripheral arthritis was verified in the remaining patients &#40;46&#37;&#41;&#46; Low back pain was the most frequent complaint &#40;97&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Asymmetric arthritis of the lower limbs was referred to in 42&#46;3&#37; and enthesitis in 35&#46;3&#37; of patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Acute anterior uveitis was the most common extra-articular manifestation &#40;36&#46;5&#37;&#41; &#40;table 4&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig06.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The majority of patients &#40;88&#46;8&#37;&#41; were taking NSAIDs &#40;46&#46;3&#37; daily and 42&#46;5&#37; on demand&#41; and 19&#46;5&#37; were undergoing cortisteroids&#46; Concerning DMARDs&#44; 38&#46;5&#37; patients were using sulfasalazine&#44; methotrexate by 22&#46;1&#37; patients and TNF alpha blockers by 11&#46;8&#37; patients&#46; None of them were taking leflunomide&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">There was not a history of previous genitourinary&#44; intestinal or respiratory infections in any of the patients&#46; 27 patients had family history of spondyloarthropaties&#46; 8 patients had undergone hip replacement surgery&#46; The mean BASDAI in this group was 4&#46;1cm and the mean BASFI 3&#46;7cm&#46; 13 patients were incapable of work &#40;11 permanently and 2 temporarily&#41;&#46; HLA B27 was positive in 85&#46;7&#37; patients&#44; negative in 14&#46;2&#37; and it was not known in 50 patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The other subtype groups &#40;Psoriatic arthritis&#44; Reactive arthritis&#44; Spondyloarthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases and Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis included few patients not allowing an individual characterization&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Conclusions</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In this group of portuguese patients ankylosing spondylitis was the most frequent subtype of spondyloarthropaty&#46; Males were predominantly affected which is according to the literature data<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span>&#46; The mean age of disease onset was also similar to that found in the literature&#46; The axial involvement was the most common and the acute anterior uveitis the most frequent extra-articular manifestation&#46; Contrary to what is described in other countries&#44; namely in Mexico<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span>&#44; tarsitis in not a common characteristic in AS Portuguese patients&#46; 13 of these patients were incapable of work with significant socioeconomic consequences&#46; Sulfasalazine was the most used DMARD while leflunomide was never prescribed&#46; NSAIDs are still the most common drugs used to treat AS&#46; Although the BASDAI score is higher than 4&#44; there was only a small number of patients &#40;n&#61;10&#41;&#44; were undergoing TNF alpha blocking agents&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The high number of AS patients treated with corticosteroids &#40;n&#61;24&#41; is probably related to its used to treat acute anterior uveitis &#40;n&#61;31&#41;&#46; This study has many limitations including the small number of patients&#44; the methodology for data collection without previous inter and intra investigator analysis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Acknowledgments</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The Portuguese RESPONDIA group would like to thank Prof&#46; Eduardo Collantes-Estevez for all the unconditional support given to this project from day one and also to the Portuguese Rheumatology Society&#46; This group also thanks Dra&#46; Pilar Font for the development of the database&#44; and Dra&#46; Janitzia V&#225;zquez-Mellado for the coordination and analysis of patients&#39; data&#46;</p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Correspondence&#58;<br></br> Dra&#46; A&#46; Barcelos&#46;<br></br> Unidade de Reumatologia&#46; Hospital Infante D&#46; Pedro&#46; Av Artur Ravara&#46; 3814-501 Aveiro&#46; Portugal&#46;<br></br> E-mail&#58; <a href="mailto&#58;barcelos&#46;a&#64;clix&#46;pt" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"> barcelos&#46;a&#64;clix&#46;pt</a></p>"
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        "resumen" => "Socio-demographic variations may influence spondyloarthropaties &#40;SpAs&#41; clinical and laboratorial characteristics and prognosis&#46; In the Portuguese population the information available related with this disease is scarce Objective&#46; To characterize demographic&#44; clinical and laboratory features of SpAs patients in Portugal&#46; Patients and methods&#46; Patients followed at four participating Rheumatology Departments with the diagnosis of SpA were enrolled&#46; Results&#46; 110 patients were included&#44; 58&#46;4&#37; were males&#44; essentially Caucasian with an average age of 46&#46;5 years&#46; The most frequent clinical feature was inflammatory back pain &#40;63&#46;4&#37;&#41; and acute anterior uveitis was the most common extra-articular manifestation&#46; The predominant type of SpAs found was Ankylosing Spondylitis &#40;AS&#41;&#46; Conclusions&#46; Patients with AS presented clinical features similar to those observed in other populations&#44; except for tarsitis&#46;"
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        "resumen" => "Las variaciones sociodemogr&#225;ficas pueden influir las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y de los laboratorios&#44; as&#237; como el pron&#243;stico de las espondiloartropat&#237;as &#40;SpA&#41;&#46; La informaci&#243;n al respecto es escasa en la poblaci&#243;n portuguesa&#46; Objetivo&#58; Caracterizar los datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos y de laboratorio de pacientes con SpA en Portugal&#46; Pacientes y m&#233;todos&#58; Los pacientes fueron controlados en 4 departamentos de reumatolog&#237;a participantes y se incluy&#243; a los que ten&#237;an diagn&#243;stico de espondilitis anquilosante &#40;EA&#41;&#46; Resultados&#58; Se incluy&#243; en el estudio a 110 pacientes&#44; 58&#44;4&#37; varones&#44; espec&#237;ficamente cauc&#225;sicos&#44; con una edad media de 46&#44;5 a&#241;os&#46; La caracter&#237;stica cl&#237;nica m&#225;s frecuente fue la lumbalgia inflamatoria &#40;63&#44;4&#37;&#41; y la uve&#237;tis aguda anterior fue la manifestaci&#243;n extraarticular m&#225;s com&#250;n&#46; El tipo predominante de SpA fue la EA&#46; Conclusiones&#58; Los pacientes con EA tienen caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas similares a las vistas en otras poblaciones&#44; excepto en el caso de tarsitis&#46;"
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RESPONDIA. Ibero-American Spondyloarthropaties Registry: Portuguese Group
Registro Iberoamericano de Espondiloartritis (RESPONDIA): Portugal
Elsa Sousaa, Miguel Sousab, Fernando Pimentelc, Ana Filipa Mourãoc, Ana Rodriguesa, Helena Santosb, Viana Queiroza, Ana Teixeirab, Jaime Brancoc, Anabela Barcelosd
a Hospital de Santa Maria. Lisboa. Portugal.
b Instituto Português de Reumatologia. Lisboa. Portugal.
c Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental. Hospital Egas Moniz. Lisboa. Portugal.
d Hospital Infante D. Pedro. Aveiro. Portugal.
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the incidence and prevalence of SpA is not well known and in Portugal this data is not available&#46; The clinical course and prognosis of SpA is diverse due to the group heterogeneity but also to different clinical presentations with each disease<span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In AS the age of disease onset is around the second or third decade<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#44; but in the other subtypes of SpA it&#39;s not possible to define a risk period for the development of the disease&#46;</p> Although SpA classically have been described as affecting more males than females<span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span>&#44; it is now beginning to be accepted that its prevalence may be similar in both genders&#46; Despite this controversy it is more or less consensual that some clinical forms are more common in males while other subtypes affect equally both or are more common in females&#46; The genetic influence in the development of these diseases&#44; evidenced by a prevalence of HLA-B27 allele in Spa patients that ranges between 50 and 95&#37;&#44; is reflected in a trend to familiar association&#44; which is recognized in multiple epidemiologic contexts<span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span>&#46; <p class="elsevierStylePara">For historical reasons&#44; the Ibero-american countries share many characteristics&#46; We decided to participate in the RESPONDIA group with the purpose of discovering the similarities and the differences between these countries concerning the genetic&#44; clinical and socioeconomic aspects of spondyloarthropaties&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The objective of this work is to give a descriptive analysis of the main characteristics of the Portuguese patients with spondyloarthropaties included in the RESPONDIA study&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Material and methods</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">This was an observational and transversal study that included patients recruited from 4 Portuguese Rheumatology Departments &#40;Instituto Portugu&#234;s de Reumatologia&#44; Lisboa&#59; Hospital de Santa Maria&#44; Lisboa&#59; Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental - Hospital Egas Moniz&#44; Lisboa e Hospital Infante D&#46; Pedro&#44; Aveiro&#41;&#44; between June 2007 and March 2008&#46; All the data was registered in the REGISPONSER &#40;Registro de Espondioartropat&#237;as de la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a&#41; online database<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>&#46; The general methodology&#44; including inclusion criteria&#44; study variables&#44; online database development and data analysis are described in other article published in this journal<span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span>&#46; Patients that were included fulfilled the European Spondyloarthropaties Study Group &#40;ESSG&#41; classification criteria<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span> or the Amor criteria<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Portugal characterization</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Portugal is a country located in the southwest of Europe&#44; situated in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula as well as in North Atlantic archipelagos&#46; Its total surface area is 92&#44;391 km2 and it is the most occidental nation of the European continent&#46; The Portuguese Gross Domestic Product &#40;GDP&#41; is of &#36;253&#44;557 billions USD a year and the GDP per capita &#40;estimation of 2006&#41; of &#36;27&#44;621USD a year&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">On 31<span class="elsevierStyleSup">st</span> December 2006&#44; according to the Portuguese National Statistic Institute<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span>&#44; the resident population was estimated at 10 599 095 people&#44; of which 5 129 937 are male and 5 469 158 female&#46; 15&#46;5&#37; are children &#40;0-14 years old&#41;&#59; 67&#46;3&#37; are of working age &#40;15-64 years old&#41;&#44; 17&#46;5&#37; are older than 65 years and people older than 75 years represent 7&#46;7&#37; of the total population&#46; According to the United Nations Children&#39;s Fund &#40;UNICEF&#41; report&#58; &#34;The state of the world&#39;s children 2007&#34;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span>&#44; Portugal is ranked 13th among more than 180 countries with the lowest child mortality rate&#46; The report also notices that Portugal is one of the countries with the highest like expectancy in the world&#44; 78 years&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Nowadays there are around 550 thousand immigrants living in Portugal&#44; which represents approximately 5&#37; of the whole population&#44; most of them being from Brazil &#40;66&#44;700&#41;&#44; Ukraine &#40;65&#44;800&#41; and Cape Verde &#40;64&#44;300&#41;&#44; between other countries&#44; such as Moldavia&#44; Romania&#44; Guinea-Bissau&#44; Angola&#44; East-Timor&#44; Mozambique&#44; Saint Tome and Principe and Russia<span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The majority of the Portuguese population is white&#46; The literacy rate &#40;older than 15 years that know how to read and write&#41; is of 93&#46;3&#37; &#40;95&#46;5&#37; for males and 91&#46;3&#37; for females&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In Portugal health is a constitutional right&#46; The health system is almost exclusively supported by the government&#44; which has its own primary and secondary care structures&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Results</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">110 patients with the diagnosis of SpA &#40;59 males &#91;58&#46;4&#37;&#93; and 42 females &#91;41&#46;6&#37;&#93;&#41;&#44; and with a mean age of 46&#46;5  &#177; 12&#44;9 years&#44; were included&#46; Socio-demographic characteristics of this population are described in table 1&#46; The most common diagnosis among SpA was Ankylosing Spondylitis &#40;AS&#41; followed by Psoriatic Arthritis &#40;PsA&#41; &#40;fig&#46; 1&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig01.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig02.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 1&#46;</span></span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SpA&#46; Subtypes&#46;</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The mean age of disease onset was 26&#46;7  &#177; 10&#46;9 years being before the age of 18 in 19&#37; of patients while in 40&#37; the first symptoms started between the age of 21 and 30&#46; The diagnosis was established before the age of 18 in only 2&#37; of patients&#46; The majority of patients were diagnosed between the age of 21 and 30 &#40;34&#37;&#41; and between the age of 31 and 40 &#40;26&#46;8&#37;&#41; The delay in the diagnosis was longer than 10 years in 25&#46;5&#37; of the patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The most common initial manifestation was lower back pain in 63&#46;4&#37; &#40;table 2&#41;&#46; The axial involvement was more frequent &#40;50&#46;5&#37;&#41; followed by the association of peripheral arthritis and axial symptoms &#40;47&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; Lower limb joints were more affected than upper limb joints&#46; With regard to extra-articular manifestations acute anterior uveitis and dactilitis were the most common &#40;34&#37; and 7&#46;9&#37; of patients&#44; respectively&#41; &#40;table 3&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig03.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig04.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Previous family history of spondyloarthropaties was identified in 29 patients &#40;29&#46;9&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The majority of patients &#40;94&#46;8&#37;&#41; had previously taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs &#40;NSAIDs&#41;&#58; 55&#46;2&#37; daily and 39&#46;6&#37; on demand&#44; and also corticosteroids in 29&#37;&#46; The disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs &#40;DMARDs&#41; most used were sulfasalazine &#40;47&#46;3&#37;&#41; and methotrexate &#40;23&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; Only 10&#46;8&#37; of patients had previously been prescribed TNF alpha blockers agents &#40;fig&#46; 2&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig05.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Figure 2&#46;</span></span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Previous prescribed treatments&#46;</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The results of the medical physical observation and applied questionnaires were very diverse&#46; The mean Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index &#40;BASDAI&#41; was of 4&#46;2 cm and the mean Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease functional index &#40;BASFI&#41; was of 3&#46;6 cm&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The HLA B27 was positive in 34 patients &#40;85&#37;&#41; and negative in 6 &#40;15&#37;&#41;&#46; In 61 patients this information was not available&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Results of the ankylosing spondylitis group</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">85 patients were included&#44; mainly male &#40;59&#37;&#41; with a mean age of disease onset of 26  &#177; 11&#46;3 years and mean disease duration of 1&#46;8  &#177; 0&#46;9 years&#46; The delay in the diagnosis was of 1 to 5 years in 35 patients&#44; 6 to 10 years in 13 and more than 10 years in 25 patients&#46; The axial involvement was predominant &#40;54&#37;&#41; while the combination of axial and peripheral arthritis was verified in the remaining patients &#40;46&#37;&#41;&#46; Low back pain was the most frequent complaint &#40;97&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#46; Asymmetric arthritis of the lower limbs was referred to in 42&#46;3&#37; and enthesitis in 35&#46;3&#37; of patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">Acute anterior uveitis was the most common extra-articular manifestation &#40;36&#46;5&#37;&#41; &#40;table 4&#41;&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img src="273v4nExtra.4-13130699fig06.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The majority of patients &#40;88&#46;8&#37;&#41; were taking NSAIDs &#40;46&#46;3&#37; daily and 42&#46;5&#37; on demand&#41; and 19&#46;5&#37; were undergoing cortisteroids&#46; Concerning DMARDs&#44; 38&#46;5&#37; patients were using sulfasalazine&#44; methotrexate by 22&#46;1&#37; patients and TNF alpha blockers by 11&#46;8&#37; patients&#46; None of them were taking leflunomide&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">There was not a history of previous genitourinary&#44; intestinal or respiratory infections in any of the patients&#46; 27 patients had family history of spondyloarthropaties&#46; 8 patients had undergone hip replacement surgery&#46; The mean BASDAI in this group was 4&#46;1cm and the mean BASFI 3&#46;7cm&#46; 13 patients were incapable of work &#40;11 permanently and 2 temporarily&#41;&#46; HLA B27 was positive in 85&#46;7&#37; patients&#44; negative in 14&#46;2&#37; and it was not known in 50 patients&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The other subtype groups &#40;Psoriatic arthritis&#44; Reactive arthritis&#44; Spondyloarthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases and Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis included few patients not allowing an individual characterization&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Conclusions</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">In this group of portuguese patients ankylosing spondylitis was the most frequent subtype of spondyloarthropaty&#46; Males were predominantly affected which is according to the literature data<span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span>&#46; The mean age of disease onset was also similar to that found in the literature&#46; The axial involvement was the most common and the acute anterior uveitis the most frequent extra-articular manifestation&#46; Contrary to what is described in other countries&#44; namely in Mexico<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span>&#44; tarsitis in not a common characteristic in AS Portuguese patients&#46; 13 of these patients were incapable of work with significant socioeconomic consequences&#46; Sulfasalazine was the most used DMARD while leflunomide was never prescribed&#46; NSAIDs are still the most common drugs used to treat AS&#46; Although the BASDAI score is higher than 4&#44; there was only a small number of patients &#40;n&#61;10&#41;&#44; were undergoing TNF alpha blocking agents&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The high number of AS patients treated with corticosteroids &#40;n&#61;24&#41; is probably related to its used to treat acute anterior uveitis &#40;n&#61;31&#41;&#46; This study has many limitations including the small number of patients&#44; the methodology for data collection without previous inter and intra investigator analysis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"><span class="elsevierStyleBold"> Acknowledgments</span></span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara">The Portuguese RESPONDIA group would like to thank Prof&#46; Eduardo Collantes-Estevez for all the unconditional support given to this project from day one and also to the Portuguese Rheumatology Society&#46; This group also thanks Dra&#46; Pilar Font for the development of the database&#44; and Dra&#46; Janitzia V&#225;zquez-Mellado for the coordination and analysis of patients&#39; data&#46;</p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Correspondence&#58;<br></br> Dra&#46; A&#46; Barcelos&#46;<br></br> Unidade de Reumatologia&#46; Hospital Infante D&#46; Pedro&#46; Av Artur Ravara&#46; 3814-501 Aveiro&#46; Portugal&#46;<br></br> E-mail&#58; <a href="mailto&#58;barcelos&#46;a&#64;clix&#46;pt" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs"> barcelos&#46;a&#64;clix&#46;pt</a></p>"
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        "resumen" => "Socio-demographic variations may influence spondyloarthropaties &#40;SpAs&#41; clinical and laboratorial characteristics and prognosis&#46; In the Portuguese population the information available related with this disease is scarce Objective&#46; To characterize demographic&#44; clinical and laboratory features of SpAs patients in Portugal&#46; Patients and methods&#46; Patients followed at four participating Rheumatology Departments with the diagnosis of SpA were enrolled&#46; Results&#46; 110 patients were included&#44; 58&#46;4&#37; were males&#44; essentially Caucasian with an average age of 46&#46;5 years&#46; The most frequent clinical feature was inflammatory back pain &#40;63&#46;4&#37;&#41; and acute anterior uveitis was the most common extra-articular manifestation&#46; The predominant type of SpAs found was Ankylosing Spondylitis &#40;AS&#41;&#46; Conclusions&#46; Patients with AS presented clinical features similar to those observed in other populations&#44; except for tarsitis&#46;"
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        "resumen" => "Las variaciones sociodemogr&#225;ficas pueden influir las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y de los laboratorios&#44; as&#237; como el pron&#243;stico de las espondiloartropat&#237;as &#40;SpA&#41;&#46; La informaci&#243;n al respecto es escasa en la poblaci&#243;n portuguesa&#46; Objetivo&#58; Caracterizar los datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos y de laboratorio de pacientes con SpA en Portugal&#46; Pacientes y m&#233;todos&#58; Los pacientes fueron controlados en 4 departamentos de reumatolog&#237;a participantes y se incluy&#243; a los que ten&#237;an diagn&#243;stico de espondilitis anquilosante &#40;EA&#41;&#46; Resultados&#58; Se incluy&#243; en el estudio a 110 pacientes&#44; 58&#44;4&#37; varones&#44; espec&#237;ficamente cauc&#225;sicos&#44; con una edad media de 46&#44;5 a&#241;os&#46; La caracter&#237;stica cl&#237;nica m&#225;s frecuente fue la lumbalgia inflamatoria &#40;63&#44;4&#37;&#41; y la uve&#237;tis aguda anterior fue la manifestaci&#243;n extraarticular m&#225;s com&#250;n&#46; El tipo predominante de SpA fue la EA&#46; Conclusiones&#58; Los pacientes con EA tienen caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas similares a las vistas en otras poblaciones&#44; excepto en el caso de tarsitis&#46;"
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