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hiperemia conjuntival&#59; ambos hemit&#243;rax con crepitantes finos y roncus en regiones subaxilares e infraescapulares&#46; El resto del examen&#44; sin anormalidades&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel A&#41;&#44; con opacidades que involucraban el intersticio pulmonar&#46; Por tal motivo&#44; se realiz&#243; una tomograf&#237;a axial de alta resoluci&#243;n de t&#243;rax que mostr&#243; bronquiectasias&#44; n&#243;dulos centrilobulillares y zonas con &#225;rbol en gemaci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel B&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la funci&#243;n pulmonar document&#243; restricci&#243;n grave sin reversibilidad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Sobre la base de los elementos recabados&#44; se intervino por v&#237;a broncoscopia observando edema de la mucosa bronquial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel C&#41;&#59; el an&#225;lisis por patolog&#237;a de la biopsia &#250;nicamente demostr&#243; infiltraci&#243;n neutrof&#237;lica&#46; Por otro lado&#44; el cultivo de biopsia y el lavado broncoalveolar &#40;LBA&#41; para bacterias y bacilos &#225;cido-alcohol resistentes&#44; y el cultivo de Sabouraud se reportaron negativos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; la prote&#237;na C reactiva en biopsia y el LBA para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> fueron negativos&#46; El panel reumatol&#243;gico y otros paracl&#237;nicos pertinentes fueron negativos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Debido al antecedente de hiperemia conjuntival&#44; se realiz&#243; una prueba de Schirmer&#44; con resultados positivos&#46; Sobre la base de este hallazgo&#44; y ante la negatividad de los anticuerpos&#44; se llev&#243; a cabo una biopsia de gl&#225;ndula salival que evidenci&#243; sialoadenitis cr&#243;nica grado 4&#46;1 de la clasificaci&#243;n de Chisholm y Mason &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel D&#41;&#46; Actualmente&#44; el paciente recibe tratamiento con esteroides&#44; metotrexato&#44; broncodilatadores&#44; macr&#243;lidos y corticoides inhalados&#44; con lo cual tiene menor sintomatolog&#237;a y mejor&#237;a de la funci&#243;n pulmonar &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente caso es relevante por&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> la presentaci&#243;n seronegativa del SS con manifestaciones respiratorias infrecuentes&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> la asociaci&#243;n de bronquiolitis con manifestaciones de funci&#243;n pulmonar grave en el SS&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre la base del &#237;ndice de actividad de la Liga Europea contra las Enfermedades Reumatol&#243;gicas &#40;ESSDAI&#44; por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s&#41;&#44; el pulm&#243;n ocupa el 2&#46;&#176; lugar en frecuencia entre los &#243;rganos afectados por estas entidades cl&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Se consideraba que la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial era la principal manifestaci&#243;n del aparato respiratorio&#59; sin embargo&#44; se ha encontrado una frecuencia cada vez mayor de bronquiectasias-bronquiolitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Cabe destacar que los anticuerpos anti-Ro&#47;SSA son positivos en 27-50&#37; de los pacientes con SS y bronquiectasias&#59; de estos&#44; solo el 41&#37; cumple los criterios diagn&#243;sticos del consenso americano-europeo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; M&#225;s a&#250;n&#44; el escenario se encarece al utilizar los criterios de la Alianza Internacional de Sj&#246;gren&#44; dado que &#250;nicamente 27&#37; de los pacientes cumplen los criterios diagn&#243;sticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; As&#237; entonces&#44; podemos reflexionar que los marcadores serol&#243;gicos no deben ser considerados&#44; per se&#44; indicadores diagn&#243;sticos debido a que existen enfermos con anticuerpos negativos&#46; La expresi&#243;n cl&#237;nica de la enfermedad oblig&#243; a descartar&#44; mediante una ruta de mayor a menor frecuencia&#44; las causas que pudieran relacionarse con los hallazgos respiratorios de nuestro caso&#46; Sobre la base de este argumento&#44; al excluir sistem&#225;ticamente las causas m&#225;s comunes de bronquiolitis &#40;v&#46; gr&#46;&#44; tuberculosis&#44; micosis&#44; exposiciones a sustancias inorg&#225;nicas&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; nos enfocamos en la manifestaci&#243;n ocular de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sicca</span> como dato clave para tomar una biopsia de gl&#225;ndula salival&#46; Por otra parte&#44; cabe mencionar que los n&#243;dulos centrilobulillares y el patr&#243;n de &#225;rbol en gemaci&#243;n documentado en el presente caso suelen ser relacionados con bronquiolitis folicular o linfoc&#237;tica y se han informado estas alteraciones tomogr&#225;ficas en el 6-24&#37; de los casos con Sj&#246;gren y afecci&#243;n pulmonar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre la base de nuestro conocimiento&#44; la evoluci&#243;n del SS que compromete la v&#237;a a&#233;rea peque&#241;a no ha sido descrita en poblaci&#243;n latina y el comportamiento informado en otra poblaci&#243;n rara vez tiene matices graves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Del mismo modo&#44; es infrecuente considerar el diagn&#243;stico de SS como un diferencial en escenarios de bronquiolitis cr&#243;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;7&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existen reportes donde se destaca que las pruebas de funci&#243;n pulmonar en pacientes con SS y compromiso respiratorio habitualmente revelan patrones de restricci&#243;n u obstrucci&#243;n leves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;9&#44;10</span></a>&#46; No obstante&#44; Borie et al&#46; han informado casos similares al nuestro&#44; donde existe mayor compromiso en la funci&#243;n pulmonar caracterizado por restricci&#243;n muy grave<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Una limitante para el entendimiento de esta forma de presentaci&#243;n es que&#44; ante la falta de una caracterizaci&#243;n clara&#44; la eficacia de diversos tratamientos es desconocida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La evidencia de compromiso en la v&#237;a a&#233;rea peque&#241;a con alteraciones funcionales graves y recurrencia de exacerbaciones bronquiales obliga a descartar escenarios alternos incluyendo enfermedades autoinmunes como SS&#46; La asociaci&#243;n entre los s&#237;ntomas cl&#237;nicos e histol&#243;gicos es clave en el diagn&#243;stico a pesar de serolog&#237;a negativa&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Responsabilidades &#233;ticas</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protecci&#243;n de personas y animales</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que para esta investigaci&#243;n no se han realizado experimentos en seres humanos ni en animales&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidencialidad de los datos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que han seguido los protocolos de su centro de trabajo sobre la publicaci&#243;n de datos de pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Derecho a la privacidad y consentimiento informado</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que en este art&#237;culo no aparecen datos de pacientes&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Agradecimiento</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores agradecen al Ing&#46; en Electr&#243;nica Baltazar Cort&#233;s-Tellez por su apoyo en la edici&#243;n de im&#225;genes&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-09-19"
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            1 => "Bronchiolitis"
            2 => "Treatment"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Sj&#246;gren &#40;SS&#41; es una enfermedad sist&#233;mica autoinmune que afecta principalmente a las gl&#225;ndulas exocrinas&#46; Se ha reportado que la asociaci&#243;n entre SS y compromiso respiratorio ocurre entre el 11 y el 45&#37; de los casos&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se basa en la integraci&#243;n de criterios cl&#237;nicos&#44; inmunol&#243;gicos e histopatol&#243;gicos&#46; Se presenta el caso de un masculino de 58 a&#241;os&#44; con SS&#44; disnea grave y exacerbaciones recurrentes de la v&#237;a respiratoria&#44; asociado a bronquiolitis-bronquiectasias&#46; La ausencia de anticuerpos anti-Ro y anti-La&#44; relacionados con la gravedad de la bronquiolitis&#44; es una forma de presentaci&#243;n poco caracterizada en este grupo de pacientes&#44; m&#225;s a&#250;n&#44; su tratamiento &#243;ptimo no est&#225; establecido&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome &#40;SS&#41; is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the exocrine glands&#46; It has been reported that the association between SS and respiratory involvement occurs in 11&#37; and 45&#37; of cases&#44; and can be the initial manifestation of the disease&#46; The diagnosis is based on the integration of clinical&#44; immunological and histopathological criteria&#46; This paper examines a 58-year-old man with SS&#44; severe dyspnea and recurrent exacerbations associated with bronchiolitis-bronchiectasis&#46; The absence of anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies associated with severe bronchiolitis is a clinical presentation that is poorly characterized in this group of patients&#59; moreover&#44; how to treat them remains unclear&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Rx de t&#243;rax PA&#46; Im&#225;genes compatibles con patr&#243;n reticulonodular bilateral&#44; predominantemente basal&#44; con tama&#241;o pulmonar conservado&#46; B&#41; TACAR de t&#243;rax con im&#225;genes en anillo de sello en ambos pulmones&#44; n&#243;dulos centrilobulillares y patr&#243;n en &#225;rbol en gemaci&#243;n&#46; C&#41; Bronquio del l&#243;bulo inferior derecho con edema y disminuci&#243;n conc&#233;ntrica de los orificios de la pir&#225;mide basal&#46; D&#41; Biopsia de gl&#225;ndula salival&#46; Infiltrado inflamatorio de predominio linfoc&#237;tico&#44; con formaci&#243;n de 2 agregados linfoides de m&#225;s de 50 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Basal &#40;enero del 2016&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;&#37;p&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absoluto&#58; 3&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absoluto&#58; 10&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Real&#58; 10&#44;6&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Real&#58; 25&#44;6&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gasometr&#237;a arterial</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> mmol&#47;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lactato mmol&#47;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GAaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;6&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caminata de 6 min</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Metros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">484&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">492&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Disnea final&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Borg 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Borg 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;2 unidades&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fatiga final&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Borg 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Borg 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;1 unidad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Laboratorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Resultado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rango normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Velocidad de sedimentaci&#243;n globular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#47;h&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Factor reumatoide&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Positivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anti-ADN nativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;70 UI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0-0&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anti-SSA &#40;Ro&#41; IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;30 UI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0-0&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anti-SSB &#40;La&#41; IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;38 UI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0-0&#44;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anti-PCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6&#44;5 U&#47;ml&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0-9&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Anti Scl-70&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Negativo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Titulo mayor 1&#58;40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Alfa-1-antitripsina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">257<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88-174&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cloruros en sudor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmol&#47;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62; 80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IgG&#44; IgE&#44; IgM&#44; IgA&#44; IgD&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">En rangos normales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Interstitial lung disease in primary Sj&#246;gren syndrome"
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Caso clínico
Síndrome de Sjögren primario y bronquiolitis. Una asociación no usual
Primary Sjögren's syndrome and bronchiolitis. An unusual association
Lourdes Medina-Paza, José Luis Che-Moralesa, Hirian Alonso Moshe Barrera-Pérezb, Arturo Cortes-Tellesa,
Autor para correspondencia
dr_morenheim@hotmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
a Departamento de Neumología, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
b ANAPAT Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Sin embargo&#44; existen pocos reportes que describan el perfil cl&#237;nico de SS y bronquiolitis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Se presenta a un hombre con disnea progresiva con SS primario seronegativo asociado a bronquiolitis&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Observaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Masculino de 58 a&#241;os de edad&#46; COMBE negativo&#46; Niega tabaquismo ni exposiciones laborales o ambientales a sustancias org&#225;nicas o inorg&#225;nicas&#44; hongos o enfermedad por reflujo gastroesof&#225;gico&#46; Manifestaba s&#237;ntomas de 5 meses de evoluci&#243;n caracterizados por escozor ocular&#44; tos en accesos y expectoraci&#243;n mucohialina escasa&#46; Enfatizaba episodios recurrentes definidos como infecciones respiratorias&#46; En el examen f&#237;sico se encontr&#243; hiperemia conjuntival&#59; ambos hemit&#243;rax con crepitantes finos y roncus en regiones subaxilares e infraescapulares&#46; El resto del examen&#44; sin anormalidades&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel A&#41;&#44; con opacidades que involucraban el intersticio pulmonar&#46; Por tal motivo&#44; se realiz&#243; una tomograf&#237;a axial de alta resoluci&#243;n de t&#243;rax que mostr&#243; bronquiectasias&#44; n&#243;dulos centrilobulillares y zonas con &#225;rbol en gemaci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel B&#41;&#46; El an&#225;lisis de la funci&#243;n pulmonar document&#243; restricci&#243;n grave sin reversibilidad &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; Sobre la base de los elementos recabados&#44; se intervino por v&#237;a broncoscopia observando edema de la mucosa bronquial &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel C&#41;&#59; el an&#225;lisis por patolog&#237;a de la biopsia &#250;nicamente demostr&#243; infiltraci&#243;n neutrof&#237;lica&#46; Por otro lado&#44; el cultivo de biopsia y el lavado broncoalveolar &#40;LBA&#41; para bacterias y bacilos &#225;cido-alcohol resistentes&#44; y el cultivo de Sabouraud se reportaron negativos&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; la prote&#237;na C reactiva en biopsia y el LBA para <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</span> fueron negativos&#46; El panel reumatol&#243;gico y otros paracl&#237;nicos pertinentes fueron negativos &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Debido al antecedente de hiperemia conjuntival&#44; se realiz&#243; una prueba de Schirmer&#44; con resultados positivos&#46; Sobre la base de este hallazgo&#44; y ante la negatividad de los anticuerpos&#44; se llev&#243; a cabo una biopsia de gl&#225;ndula salival que evidenci&#243; sialoadenitis cr&#243;nica grado 4&#46;1 de la clasificaci&#243;n de Chisholm y Mason &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a> panel D&#41;&#46; Actualmente&#44; el paciente recibe tratamiento con esteroides&#44; metotrexato&#44; broncodilatadores&#44; macr&#243;lidos y corticoides inhalados&#44; con lo cual tiene menor sintomatolog&#237;a y mejor&#237;a de la funci&#243;n pulmonar &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El presente caso es relevante por&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">1&#41;</span> la presentaci&#243;n seronegativa del SS con manifestaciones respiratorias infrecuentes&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2&#41;</span> la asociaci&#243;n de bronquiolitis con manifestaciones de funci&#243;n pulmonar grave en el SS&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre la base del &#237;ndice de actividad de la Liga Europea contra las Enfermedades Reumatol&#243;gicas &#40;ESSDAI&#44; por sus siglas en ingl&#233;s&#41;&#44; el pulm&#243;n ocupa el 2&#46;&#176; lugar en frecuencia entre los &#243;rganos afectados por estas entidades cl&#237;nicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; Se consideraba que la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial era la principal manifestaci&#243;n del aparato respiratorio&#59; sin embargo&#44; se ha encontrado una frecuencia cada vez mayor de bronquiectasias-bronquiolitis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Cabe destacar que los anticuerpos anti-Ro&#47;SSA son positivos en 27-50&#37; de los pacientes con SS y bronquiectasias&#59; de estos&#44; solo el 41&#37; cumple los criterios diagn&#243;sticos del consenso americano-europeo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; M&#225;s a&#250;n&#44; el escenario se encarece al utilizar los criterios de la Alianza Internacional de Sj&#246;gren&#44; dado que &#250;nicamente 27&#37; de los pacientes cumplen los criterios diagn&#243;sticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; As&#237; entonces&#44; podemos reflexionar que los marcadores serol&#243;gicos no deben ser considerados&#44; per se&#44; indicadores diagn&#243;sticos debido a que existen enfermos con anticuerpos negativos&#46; La expresi&#243;n cl&#237;nica de la enfermedad oblig&#243; a descartar&#44; mediante una ruta de mayor a menor frecuencia&#44; las causas que pudieran relacionarse con los hallazgos respiratorios de nuestro caso&#46; Sobre la base de este argumento&#44; al excluir sistem&#225;ticamente las causas m&#225;s comunes de bronquiolitis &#40;v&#46; gr&#46;&#44; tuberculosis&#44; micosis&#44; exposiciones a sustancias inorg&#225;nicas&#44; etc&#46;&#41;&#44; nos enfocamos en la manifestaci&#243;n ocular de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sicca</span> como dato clave para tomar una biopsia de gl&#225;ndula salival&#46; Por otra parte&#44; cabe mencionar que los n&#243;dulos centrilobulillares y el patr&#243;n de &#225;rbol en gemaci&#243;n documentado en el presente caso suelen ser relacionados con bronquiolitis folicular o linfoc&#237;tica y se han informado estas alteraciones tomogr&#225;ficas en el 6-24&#37; de los casos con Sj&#246;gren y afecci&#243;n pulmonar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sobre la base de nuestro conocimiento&#44; la evoluci&#243;n del SS que compromete la v&#237;a a&#233;rea peque&#241;a no ha sido descrita en poblaci&#243;n latina y el comportamiento informado en otra poblaci&#243;n rara vez tiene matices graves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Del mismo modo&#44; es infrecuente considerar el diagn&#243;stico de SS como un diferencial en escenarios de bronquiolitis cr&#243;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;7&#44;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existen reportes donde se destaca que las pruebas de funci&#243;n pulmonar en pacientes con SS y compromiso respiratorio habitualmente revelan patrones de restricci&#243;n u obstrucci&#243;n leves<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;9&#44;10</span></a>&#46; No obstante&#44; Borie et al&#46; han informado casos similares al nuestro&#44; donde existe mayor compromiso en la funci&#243;n pulmonar caracterizado por restricci&#243;n muy grave<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Una limitante para el entendimiento de esta forma de presentaci&#243;n es que&#44; ante la falta de una caracterizaci&#243;n clara&#44; la eficacia de diversos tratamientos es desconocida&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La evidencia de compromiso en la v&#237;a a&#233;rea peque&#241;a con alteraciones funcionales graves y recurrencia de exacerbaciones bronquiales obliga a descartar escenarios alternos incluyendo enfermedades autoinmunes como SS&#46; La asociaci&#243;n entre los s&#237;ntomas cl&#237;nicos e histol&#243;gicos es clave en el diagn&#243;stico a pesar de serolog&#237;a negativa&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Responsabilidades &#233;ticas</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Protecci&#243;n de personas y animales</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que para esta investigaci&#243;n no se han realizado experimentos en seres humanos ni en animales&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Confidencialidad de los datos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que han seguido los protocolos de su centro de trabajo sobre la publicaci&#243;n de datos de pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Derecho a la privacidad y consentimiento informado</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran que en este art&#237;culo no aparecen datos de pacientes&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Agradecimiento</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores agradecen al Ing&#46; en Electr&#243;nica Baltazar Cort&#233;s-Tellez por su apoyo en la edici&#243;n de im&#225;genes&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Discusi&#243;n"
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        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
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        8 => array:3 [
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          "titulo" => "Responsabilidades &#233;ticas"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Protecci&#243;n de personas y animales"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Confidencialidad de los datos"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Derecho a la privacidad y consentimiento informado"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Conflicto de intereses"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Agradecimiento"
        ]
        11 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-09-19"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2016-11-25"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1015093"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "S&#237;ndrome de Sj&#246;gren primario"
            1 => "Bronquiolitis"
            2 => "Tratamiento"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1015092"
          "palabras" => array:3 [
            0 => "Primary Sj&#246;gren syndrome"
            1 => "Bronchiolitis"
            2 => "Treatment"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El s&#237;ndrome de Sj&#246;gren &#40;SS&#41; es una enfermedad sist&#233;mica autoinmune que afecta principalmente a las gl&#225;ndulas exocrinas&#46; Se ha reportado que la asociaci&#243;n entre SS y compromiso respiratorio ocurre entre el 11 y el 45&#37; de los casos&#46; El diagn&#243;stico se basa en la integraci&#243;n de criterios cl&#237;nicos&#44; inmunol&#243;gicos e histopatol&#243;gicos&#46; Se presenta el caso de un masculino de 58 a&#241;os&#44; con SS&#44; disnea grave y exacerbaciones recurrentes de la v&#237;a respiratoria&#44; asociado a bronquiolitis-bronquiectasias&#46; La ausencia de anticuerpos anti-Ro y anti-La&#44; relacionados con la gravedad de la bronquiolitis&#44; es una forma de presentaci&#243;n poco caracterizada en este grupo de pacientes&#44; m&#225;s a&#250;n&#44; su tratamiento &#243;ptimo no est&#225; establecido&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome &#40;SS&#41; is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the exocrine glands&#46; It has been reported that the association between SS and respiratory involvement occurs in 11&#37; and 45&#37; of cases&#44; and can be the initial manifestation of the disease&#46; The diagnosis is based on the integration of clinical&#44; immunological and histopathological criteria&#46; This paper examines a 58-year-old man with SS&#44; severe dyspnea and recurrent exacerbations associated with bronchiolitis-bronchiectasis&#46; The absence of anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies associated with severe bronchiolitis is a clinical presentation that is poorly characterized in this group of patients&#59; moreover&#44; how to treat them remains unclear&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
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        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#41; Rx de t&#243;rax PA&#46; Im&#225;genes compatibles con patr&#243;n reticulonodular bilateral&#44; predominantemente basal&#44; con tama&#241;o pulmonar conservado&#46; B&#41; TACAR de t&#243;rax con im&#225;genes en anillo de sello en ambos pulmones&#44; n&#243;dulos centrilobulillares y patr&#243;n en &#225;rbol en gemaci&#243;n&#46; C&#41; Bronquio del l&#243;bulo inferior derecho con edema y disminuci&#243;n conc&#233;ntrica de los orificios de la pir&#225;mide basal&#46; D&#41; Biopsia de gl&#225;ndula salival&#46; Infiltrado inflamatorio de predominio linfoc&#237;tico&#44; con formaci&#243;n de 2 agregados linfoides de m&#225;s de 50 c&#233;lulas&#47;mm<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#46;</p>"
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        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
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            "identificador" => "at1"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Delta absoluto&#58; diferencia registrada con base en el cambio de las unidades porcentuales tomando como referencia el basal&#59; Delta real&#58; diferencia registrada con base en el cambio de volumen pulmonar tomando como referencia el basal&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#58; relaci&#243;n FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#58; cociente de FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&#59; FVC&#58; capacidad vital forzada&#59; GAaO2&#58; gradiente alv&#233;olo-arterial de ox&#237;geno&#59; HCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span>&#58; bicarbonato&#59; PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; presi&#243;n arterial de di&#243;xido de carbono&#59; PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; presi&#243;n arterial de ox&#237;geno&#59; SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno por pulsioximetr&#237;a&#59; &#37;p&#58; porcentaje del predicho&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Basal &#40;enero del 2016&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimiento 1 &#40;mayo del 2016&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimiento 2 &#40;agosto del 2016&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Delta seguimiento 1-basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Delta seguimiento 2-basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Espirometr&#237;a posbroncodilatador</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FVC &#40;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;46&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FVC &#40;&#37;p&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absoluto&#58; 1&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absoluto&#58; 6&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Real&#58; &#8211;1&#44;3&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Real&#58; 17&#44;1&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">0&#44;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> &#40;&#37;p&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absoluto&#58; 3&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Absoluto&#58; 10&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Real&#58; 10&#44;6&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Real&#58; 25&#44;6&#37;p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">83&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="6" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gasometr&#237;a arterial</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>pH&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>PaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HCO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">3</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#8722;</span> mmol&#47;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lactato mmol&#47;l&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;0&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>GAaO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;mmHg&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53&#44;73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">47&#44;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#8722;6&#44;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">N&#47;R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                            3 => "M&#46;M&#46; Baldt"
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                            5 => "C&#46;J&#46; Herold"
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 1699258X
Idioma original: Español
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