array:23 [
  "pii" => "S1699258X21002217"
  "issn" => "1699258X"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2021.09.001"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-06-01"
  "aid" => "1572"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2021"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "sco"
  "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2022;18:377-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1699258X20302345"
    "issn" => "1699258X"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2020.10.001"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-06-01"
    "aid" => "1481"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2022;18:379-80"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
      "titulo" => "Predictors of Relapse After Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "379"
          "paginaFinal" => "380"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Predictores de reca&#237;da despu&#233;s de la inyecci&#243;n de corticosteroides para el tratamiento de la fascitis plantar"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Francisca Guimar&#227;es, Soraia Azevedo, Joana Ramos Rodrigues, Filipa Teixeira"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Francisca"
              "apellidos" => "Guimar&#227;es"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Soraia"
              "apellidos" => "Azevedo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Joana"
              "apellidos" => "Ramos Rodrigues"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Filipa"
              "apellidos" => "Teixeira"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X20302345?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
    "url" => "/1699258X/0000001800000006/v1_202206040658/S1699258X20302345/v1_202206040658/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S1699258X2100125X"
    "issn" => "1699258X"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.reuma.2021.04.007"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-06-01"
    "aid" => "1538"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46; and Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Reumatolog&#237;a y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Reumatol Clin. 2022;18:374-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Case report</span>"
      "titulo" => "Heart Transplantation in Systemic Sclerosis&#58; A Therapeutic Option&#46; Presentation of a Case and Literature Review"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "374"
          "paginaFinal" => "376"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Trasplante card&#237;aco en esclerosis sist&#233;mica&#58; una opci&#243;n terap&#233;utica&#46; Presentaci&#243;n de un caso y revisi&#243;n de la bibliograf&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Andrea de Diego-Sola, C&#233;sar A&#46; Eg&#252;es Dubuc, Cristina Goena Vives, Juan Jos&#233; Intxausti Irazabal, Olga Ma&#237;z Alonso, Manuel Cobo Belaustegi"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Andrea"
              "apellidos" => "de Diego-Sola"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C&#233;sar A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Eg&#252;es Dubuc"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Cristina"
              "apellidos" => "Goena Vives"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Jos&#233;"
              "apellidos" => "Intxausti Irazabal"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Olga"
              "apellidos" => "Ma&#237;z Alonso"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Manuel"
              "apellidos" => "Cobo Belaustegi"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X2100125X?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
    "url" => "/1699258X/0000001800000006/v1_202206040658/S1699258X2100125X/v1_202206040658/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:16 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Images in Clinical Rheumatology</span>"
    "titulo" => "Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "377"
        "paginaFinal" => "378"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Beatriz Sam&#245;es, Joana Abelha-Aleixo, Patr&#237;cia Pinto, Romana Vieira"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Beatriz"
            "apellidos" => "Sam&#245;es"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "bia_samoes@hotmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Joana"
            "apellidos" => "Abelha-Aleixo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Patr&#237;cia"
            "apellidos" => "Pinto"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "nombre" => "Romana"
            "apellidos" => "Vieira"
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "entidad" => "Rheumatology Department&#44; Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho&#44; Vila Nova de Gaia&#44; Portugal"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Melanosis inducida por hidroxicloroquina"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 667
            "Ancho" => 1500
            "Tamanyo" => 144642
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis&#46; Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis of the nails of the hands &#40;Panel A&#41;&#44; the scapha and triangular fossa of the ears &#40;Panel B&#41; and the tongue &#40;Panel C&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 29-year-old Brazilian woman with a previous diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with articular&#44; cutaneous&#44; serous and hematological involvement who immigrated to Portugal 7 months prior presented to our rheumatology department for continuation of care&#46; She was chronically medicated with hydroxychloroquine 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg for the past 10 years as well as prednisolone 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg and levothyroxine 88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mcg&#46; The objective examination showed hyperpigmentation of the nails of the hands &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> &#8211; Panel A&#41;&#44; the scapha and triangular fossa of the ears &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> &#8211; Panel B&#41; and the tongue &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a> &#8211; Panel C&#41; that was suggestive of hydroxychloroquine induced hyperpigmentation&#46; Other causes of pigmentary changes such as endocrine or metabolic disorders as well as other drug-induced pigmentation were excluded&#46; An ophthalmologic evaluation with OCT was performed and retinopathy was excluded&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hydroxychloroquine induced hyperpigmentation is an underreported adverse event that may appear in about 10&#8211;25&#37; of the patients after long-term use&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> It appears mainly on the anterior side of the legs but can also affect other less reported areas such as the nail bed&#44; head&#44; and mucosa&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;4</span></a> The pathogenesis of this adverse event is poorly understood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a> It is important to consider that hydroxychloroquine induced hyperpigmentation may mimic other pigmented conditions&#44; namely melasma&#44; Addison&#39;s disease&#44; hemochromatosis&#44; Wilson&#39;s disease and vitamins deficiencies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> It usually improves after drug discontinuation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Informed consent</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Informed consent has been obtained from the patient&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Funding</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:4 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Informed consent"
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        3 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-06-13"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2021-09-23"
    "multimedia" => array:1 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 667
            "Ancho" => 1500
            "Tamanyo" => 144642
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis&#46; Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis of the nails of the hands &#40;Panel A&#41;&#44; the scapha and triangular fossa of the ears &#40;Panel B&#41; and the tongue &#40;Panel C&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hydroxychloroquine-induced pigmentation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus&#58; a case&#8211;control study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Jallouli"
                            1 => "C&#46; Franc&#232;s"
                            2 => "J&#46;-C&#46; Piette"
                            3 => "D&#46;L&#46;T&#46; Huong"
                            4 => "P&#46; Moguelet"
                            5 => "C&#46; Factor"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.709"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "JAMA Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "149"
                        "paginaInicial" => "935"
                        "paginaFinal" => "940"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23824340"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hydroxychloroquine safety&#58; a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Eljaaly"
                            1 => "K&#46;H&#46; Alireza"
                            2 => "S&#46; Alshehri"
                            3 => "J&#46;A&#46; Al-Tawfiq"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101812"
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Travel Med Infect Dis"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "101812"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characterizing the adverse dermatologic effects of hydroxychloroquine&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46;A&#46; Sharma"
                            1 => "N&#46;A&#46; Mesinkovska"
                            2 => "T&#46; Paravar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.024"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Am Acad Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "83"
                        "paginaInicial" => "563"
                        "paginaFinal" => "578"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation in systemic diseases&#58; prevalence&#44; clinical features and risk factors&#58; a cross-sectional study of 41 cases"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Bahloul"
                            1 => "M&#46; Jallouli"
                            2 => "S&#46; Garbaa"
                            3 => "S&#46; Marzouk"
                            4 => "A&#46; Masmoudi"
                            5 => "H&#46; Turki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1177/0961203317700486"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lupus"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1304"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1308"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Drug-induced skin pigmentation&#58; epidemiology&#44; diagnosis and treatment"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Dereure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2165/00128071-200102040-00006"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Clin Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "253"
                        "paginaFinal" => "262"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/1699258X/0000001800000006/v1_202206040658/S1699258X21002217/v1_202206040658/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "93550"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Reumatolog&#237;a Cl&#237;nica en im&#225;genes"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/1699258X/0000001800000006/v1_202206040658/S1699258X21002217/v1_202206040658/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004M&text.app=https://reumatologiaclinica.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1699258X21002217?idApp=UINPBA00004M"
]
Compartir
Información de la revista
Vol. 18. Núm. 6.
Páginas 377-378 (junio - julio 2022)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Visitas
1627
Vol. 18. Núm. 6.
Páginas 377-378 (junio - julio 2022)
Images in Clinical Rheumatology
Acceso a texto completo
Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis
Melanosis inducida por hidroxicloroquina
Visitas
1627
Beatriz Samões
Autor para correspondencia
bia_samoes@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Joana Abelha-Aleixo, Patrícia Pinto, Romana Vieira
Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Texto completo
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Figuras (1)
Texto completo

A 29-year-old Brazilian woman with a previous diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with articular, cutaneous, serous and hematological involvement who immigrated to Portugal 7 months prior presented to our rheumatology department for continuation of care. She was chronically medicated with hydroxychloroquine 400mg for the past 10 years as well as prednisolone 10mg and levothyroxine 88mcg. The objective examination showed hyperpigmentation of the nails of the hands (Fig. 1 – Panel A), the scapha and triangular fossa of the ears (Fig. 1 – Panel B) and the tongue (Fig. 1 – Panel C) that was suggestive of hydroxychloroquine induced hyperpigmentation. Other causes of pigmentary changes such as endocrine or metabolic disorders as well as other drug-induced pigmentation were excluded. An ophthalmologic evaluation with OCT was performed and retinopathy was excluded.

Fig. 1.

Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis. Hydroxychloroquine induced melanosis of the nails of the hands (Panel A), the scapha and triangular fossa of the ears (Panel B) and the tongue (Panel C).

(0.14MB).

Hydroxychloroquine induced hyperpigmentation is an underreported adverse event that may appear in about 10–25% of the patients after long-term use.1–3 It appears mainly on the anterior side of the legs but can also affect other less reported areas such as the nail bed, head, and mucosa.1,2,4 The pathogenesis of this adverse event is poorly understood.2,3 It is important to consider that hydroxychloroquine induced hyperpigmentation may mimic other pigmented conditions, namely melasma, Addison's disease, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease and vitamins deficiencies.5 It usually improves after drug discontinuation.5

Informed consent

Informed consent has been obtained from the patient.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Conflict of interest

None.

References
[1]
M. Jallouli, C. Francès, J.-C. Piette, D.L.T. Huong, P. Moguelet, C. Factor, et al.
Hydroxychloroquine-induced pigmentation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case–control study.
JAMA Dermatol, 149 (2013), pp. 935-940
[2]
K. Eljaaly, K.H. Alireza, S. Alshehri, J.A. Al-Tawfiq.
Hydroxychloroquine safety: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Travel Med Infect Dis, 36 (2020), pp. 101812
[3]
N.A. Sharma, N.A. Mesinkovska, T. Paravar.
Characterizing the adverse dermatologic effects of hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 83 (2020), pp. 563-578
[4]
E. Bahloul, M. Jallouli, S. Garbaa, S. Marzouk, A. Masmoudi, H. Turki, et al.
Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation in systemic diseases: prevalence, clinical features and risk factors: a cross-sectional study of 41 cases.
Lupus, 26 (2017), pp. 1304-1308
[5]
O. Dereure.
Drug-induced skin pigmentation: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Am J Clin Dermatol, 2 (2001), pp. 253-262
Copyright © 2021. Elsevier España, S.L.U. and Sociedad Española de Reumatología y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología
Idiomas
Reumatología Clínica
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas
es en

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?